The dramatically reduced surface area of the spines limits water loss.

刺的表面积显著减少，限制了水的流失。

Q 20: What does the passage say is a negative side effect of water loss?

问题 20：文章说什么是失水的负面副作用？

Some adaptations can help organisms to not get eaten, hide, control body temperature, or prevent water loss.

一些适应可以帮助生物体不被吃掉、躲藏、控制体温或防止水分流失。

The scientific expedition will look into the conditions of water resources, glacial recession, as well as soil and water loss.

这次科学考察将研究水资源、冰川衰退以及水土流失等情况。

A channel fills with sweat to gauge water loss.

一个充满汗水的通道可以测量水分流失。

They obtain moisture from their food and have highly efficient kidneys that minimize water loss.

它们从食物中获取水分，并拥有高效的肾脏，可以最大限度地减少水分流失。

12.Some frogs do this by preventing water loss through their skin.

有些青蛙通过防止皮肤水分流失来做到这一点。

When the brain shrinks in acute hypernatremia, it tries to compensate for that water loss.

大脑在急性高钠血症时萎缩，它会想办法代偿水的丢失。

This scarcity is exacerbated by the high temperatures and low humidity, which promote rapid water loss.

高温和低湿度会加剧水分的快速流失，从而加剧了这种短缺。

Diuretics alleviate the symptoms of these diseases by causing sodium and water loss through the urine.

利尿剂通过尿液排钠排水来减轻这些疾病的症状。

Officials launched it, they argue, to get people to change behaviors although the city was never in real danger of complete water loss.

他们坚称，是官方发起了这项活动，让人们改变用水行为，虽然开普敦从未真正面临彻底断水的危机。

They rely on another adaptation common to cacti: a thick skin, which is coated in a waxy substance called a cuticle that limits water loss.

一层厚厚的外皮，它被包裹在一层防止水分丢失、被叫做表皮层的蜡状物质中。

Both types of trees produce less energy in the winter, but conifers have adaptations, such as a waxy coating to minimize water loss, that help them keep their needles year-round.

两种类型的树木在冬季产生的能量都较少，但针叶树适应性强，蜡质涂层可以尽量减少水分流失，这有助于它们全年不落叶。

But to survive the desert, a cactus can't just limit water loss — it has to be prepared to take full advantage of the rare situations where water is readily available.

但要在沙漠中生存，仙人掌不能只是限制水分丢失 ——它还必须准备好充分利用少有的水分充足的情况。