Methods Urinary calculus were removed by ureteric lithotripsy with ureteroscope or mini-invasive percutaneous neral fistulation lithotripsy removed the urolithus.

方法应用输尿管镜经尿道碎石或经皮肾造瘘碎石取出尿路结石。

Ureteroureterostomy or pyeloureterostomy using native distal ureter were relatively effective and safe .It is advisable for the treatment of ureteric obstruction after kidney transplantation.

经腹腔移植肾盂输尿管与自体输尿管再吻合术，对肾干扰小，术后并发症少，可为开放手术治疗移植肾积水的优先选择。