Also, some systemic diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosis can enhance inflammation in the periodontium which can lead to a shift in bacterial composition and increase the risk or severity of periodontitis.

此外，某些系统性疾病，例如糖尿病、类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮，会增加牙周组织炎症，从而改变口腔微生物群中细菌的组成，并增大患牙周炎的风险或加重牙周炎。