The second is called structural unemployment.

第二种被称为结构性失业。

First, there is the structural unemployment caused by the mismatch between supply and demand.

一是供给与需求不匹配导致的结构性失业。

An economy is considered to be at full employment when there's only frictional and structural unemployment.

在只有摩擦和结构性失业的情况下，经济被认为是充分就业。

The structural unemployment rate—the level reached when the economy is working at capacity—is 18%, triple that of America.

而西班牙的结构性失业—即劳动力对经济变动的适应水平—已经达到百分之十八，是美国的三倍。

It could hardly be so, when centuries of technologleal improvement have never led to widespread structural unemployment.

当技术进步的几个世纪从未导致普遍的结构性失业时，这几乎是不可能的。

When covid-19 struck in early 2020, economists warned that a wave of job-killing robots would sweep over the labour market, leading to high and structural unemployment.

新冠肺炎在2020年初来袭时，经济学家就曾警告称，一波扼杀就业机会的机器人将席卷劳动力市场，导致高失业率和结构性失业。