And this brings us to one of the problems with structural functionalism.

这里我们要指出结构功能论的一个缺陷。

Let’s start with structural functionalism, which originated with a French sociologist named Emile Durkheim.

我们先从结构功能论说起，结构功能论源于法国社会学家艾弥尔·涂尔干。

Structural functionalism focuses on how large structures fit together, and conflict theory looks at how society defines sources of inequality and conflict.

结构功能论聚焦于社会结构的协调整合，社会冲突论着眼于社会不公和冲突的根源。

We talked about structural functionalism and how deviance can fulfill a function in society.

我们讨论了结构功能主义以及越轨行为如何在社会中发挥作用。

As you might expect by this point, structural functionalism looks at how formal education helps keep a society running smoothly.

正如您此时可能预料的那样，结构功能主义着眼于正规教育如何帮助保持社会平稳运行。

Ultimately, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory all give us useful tools for understanding deviance.

最终，结构功能主义、符号互动主义和冲突理论都为我们提供了理解偏差的有用工具。

In addition to defining the Sacred and the profane, Emile Durkheim also looked at religion through the lens of structural functionalism.

除了定义神圣与世俗之外，埃米尔·涂尔干还通过结构功能主义的视角来看待宗教。

And, as you might expect, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theories each offer a different perspective on the matter.

而且，正如您所预料的那样，结构功能主义、符号互动主义和冲突理论各自对这个问题提供了不同的视角。

In contrast to structural functionalism, conflict theories imagine society as being composed of different groups that struggle over scarce resources – like power, money, land, food, or status.

与结构功能论不同，社会冲突论将社会看作各个不同利益体的组合。这些利益体互相争夺稀缺资源，比如权力，金钱，土地，食物，或地位。

Structural functionalism sees gender as a way of organizing society and emphasizes the ways that men and women can act as complements to each other.

结构功能主义将性别视为组织社会的一种方式，并强调男性和女性可以互补的方式。

And as our society becomes more global, the questions raised by two of our camps of sociology, structural functionalism and conflict theory, become even more pressing.

随着我们的社会变得更加全球化，我们社会学的两个阵营——结构功能主义和冲突理论——提出的问题变得更加紧迫。

Now that we understand a little more about the different scales that sociology works on, we can turn to its main theoretical paradigms, of which there are three: There’s structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.

现在，理解了社会学研究中的宏观和微观层面，我们可以来说说社会学中最主要的三个理论模型了：它们是结构功能论，社会冲突论，和符号互动论。