This response leads to chronic inflammation, which destroys bone and cartilage.

这种反应导致慢性炎症，破坏骨骼和软骨。

These responses led me to the focus of my research.

这些反应使我进入了研究的重点。

Most books or videos on habits teach some variation of this loop: a cue leads to a craving leads to a response leads to a reward.

提示导致渴望，然后做出反应，最后得到回报。

Most significantly, California could set its own emissions standards in response, leading to a protracted court battle that would force car-makers to operate without clear or uniform rules.

最重要的是，加州此后可以制定自己的排放标准了，而这一变化将引发一场旷日持久的官司，最终迫使汽车制造商们在没有明确或统一的准则下运营。