The ammonia makes the urine more alkaline and favors precipitation of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate into jagged crystals called " staghorns" because they often branch into the several of the renal calyces and look like the horns of a staghorn deer.

氨的存在使得尿液碱性增强，利于镁、铵和磷酸盐沉淀，形成锯齿状的结晶，称为“鹿角”，因为它们通常会分叉延伸入肾盏，看上去就像麋鹿的角。