Diagnosis is made by identifying low levels of protein C and S in the serum.

检测到血浆中的蛋白C和S水平较低时可进行诊断。

Normally, protein C and protein S are 2 of many proteins or enzymes that regulate the complex process called hemostasis.

通常，蛋白C和蛋白S是能调节止血这一复杂过程的许多蛋白和酶类的其中两种。

The main role of protein C and protein S is to prevent excess coagulation, or fibrin formation, during secondary hemostasis.

蛋白C和蛋白S的主要作用是在二期止血时防止过度凝血（即纤维蛋白形成过多）。

There are two types of familial, or congenital, protein C and S deficiency; both are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

家族性（先天性）蛋白C和S缺乏症有两种，均为常染色体显性遗传。

Protein C and S prevent excess coagulation by interacting with several other proteins involved in a complex system of checks and balances.

蛋白C和S通过与该复杂制衡机制中的其他蛋白相互作用来预防过度凝血。

Type I disease is when there's not enough protein C or S, so that's a quantitative defect.

Ⅰ型是指蛋白C和S数量不足，属于数量上的缺乏。

However, identifying a low protein C or protein S level may, in some situations, impact long-term decisions about anticoagulation therapy.

但是对低水平蛋白C和S的检测，可能在某些情况下会影响对于抗凝治疗的长远决策。

Initial treatment of venous thromboembolisms is the same as it would be for patients with normal protein C and protein S levels.

对静脉血栓栓塞的初步治疗，与对拥有正常水平蛋白C和S的患者治疗是一样的。

Type II disease, however, is a qualitative defect, because enough protein C or S are made, but the proteins don't function properly.

Ⅱ型则是质量上的缺陷，虽然有足量的蛋白C和S，但它们不能正常工作。

Protein C or protein S deficiency is also sometimes suspected when a venous thromboembolism develops in an unusual site like the portal, mesenteric, or cerebral veins.

当静脉血栓栓塞出现在不常见的部位时，也要怀疑蛋白C或蛋白S缺乏症，比如门静脉、肠系膜静脉或脑部静脉。

So, it starts with a protein called thrombomodulin, which is on endothelial cells that line our blood vessels, and together with thrombin, they form a complex that also includes protein C and protein S.

这一过程从血栓调节蛋白开始，它位于血管的内皮细胞中，与凝血酶形成一个复合物，其同时也包含蛋白C和S。

All right, as a quick recap, protein C and S deficiency refer to two separate hereditary hypercoagulable disorders that involve the inability to inactivate factors V and VIII in the coagulation cascade.

得！快速复习一下：蛋白C和蛋白S缺乏症是指两种独立的遗传性血液高凝功能障碍，涉及在凝血过程中无法使V因子及Ⅷ因子失活。

Since warfarin can lower the levels of protein C and protein S, it is very important that a patient does not take warfarin for at least 2-4 weeks prior to being tested for protein C or protein S deficiency.

由于华法林能够降低蛋白C和S的水平，所以在进行蛋白C和S缺乏症检查之前一定要确保患者至少在2-4周内没有服用过华法林。