The earth has warmed about one degree centigrade since preindustrial times.

自工业化时代以来，地球的温度已经升高了1摄氏度。

This man-made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering feats of preindustrial China.

这片人力开拓的土地是工业化前中国最宏伟的功绩。

That scenario foresees Earth's average surface temperature rising 3.3 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial benchmark.

科学家预测，到那时地球的平均表面温度将比工业化前基准水平高出3。3摄氏度。

It estimates they'll vanish even if the global temperature rise is limited to 1.5 Celsius above preindustrial levels.

据估计，即使全球气温上升限制在比工业化前水平高 1.5 摄氏度，这些冰川也会消失。

It's been a major contributor to rising global temperatures since preindustrial times.

自前工业时代以来，它一直是全球气温上升的主要原因。

They argue for a return to preindustrial and pre-green revolution, biodynamic and organic farming.

他们主张回归前工业化和前绿色革命、生物动力和有机农业。

But that's only if, if we are able to contain global warming to 1.5 degrees centigrade over preindustrial levels.

但前提是，如果我们能够将全球变暖控制在比工业化前水平高 1. 5 摄氏度的范围内。

Some reflection about the material culture of prehistoric and preindustrial peoples may help to show what I mean.

对史前和工业化前人类的物质文化进行一些反思可能有助于说明我的意思。

In preindustrial times, at least some of the  things used in the household, like clothing or basic utensils, could be homemade.

在前工业时代，至少有一些家庭使用的东西，如衣服或基本器皿，可以自制。

The World Meteorological Organization has warned it's unlikely that global temperatures can be contained at just a degree and a half above the preindustrial average.

世界气象组织警告称，全球气温不太可能被控制在比工业化前平均水平高出 1.5 度的范围内。

The reports lists drastic cuts to fossil fuels among the actions needed in this decade to contain global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial temperatures.

报告列出了在这十年中需要采取的行动，其中包括大幅削减化石燃料，全球变暖控制在较工业化前升幅 1.5 摄氏度的水平。

Next year is expected to mark 10 consecutive years with global average temperatures at least 1 degree Celsius higher than the average during the preindustrial period.

预计明年将是连续 10 年，全球平均气温至少比工业化前时期的平均气温高 1 摄氏度。

In this long-ago case, we know how much carbon dioxide concentrations increased between the last ice age and preindustrial period from air bubbles trapped in ancient ice.

在这个很久以前的例子中，通过冻在古代冰块中的气泡，我们知道在最后一个冰河时期和前工业化时期之间，二氧化碳的浓度增加了多少。

In this long-ago case, we know how much carbon dioxide concentrations increased between the last ice age and preindustrial period from air bubbles trapped in ancient ice.

在这个很久以前的案例中，我们知道在最后一个冰河时代和前工业化时期之间， 由于古代冰层中的气泡， 二氧化碳浓度增加了多少。

What's more, some scientists are concerned that the El Nino could temporarily push global warming more than 1.5 degrees C above preindustrial levels for the first time, Rodrigues says.

罗德里格斯说，更重要的是，一些科学家担心厄尔尼诺现象可能会暂时使全球变暖首次比工业化前水平高出1.5摄氏度以上。

The Paris accord set a goal of preventing warming of more than 3.6 degrees above preindustrial levels - long considered a threshold for the most severe social and economic damage from climate change.

而《巴黎协定》设立的目标是将全球气温上升控制在前工业化时期水平之上3.6华氏度（2摄氏度）之内——这一温度一直被认为是气候变化造成最严重的社会和经济损失的门槛。

The authors found that if greenhouse gas emissions continue at the current rate, the atmosphere will warm by as much as 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, or 1.5 degrees Celsius, above preindustrial levels by 2040.

报告的作者们发现，如果温室气体的排放继续维持当前的速度，那么到2040年，全球平均气温就会达到比工业化前的水平高出2.7华氏度，也即1.5摄氏度的水平。

The US special envoy on climate change John Kerry has said the world could still limit global warming to 1.5 celsius above preindustrial levels but only if countries increase their efforts right now.

美国气候变化特使约翰·克里表示，世界仍可以将全球变暖控制在比工业化前水平高 1.5 摄氏度的范围内，但前提是各国立即加大努力。

It was also one of the best planned and most diverse of such preindustrial cities because migrants of different ethnicities streamed in following the eruptions of two volcanoes in southern Mexico that made their own homes less desirable.

同时它也是前工业化城市中最具规模且最具多样性的城市之一因为不同种族的移民在自己的家园遭墨西哥南方两座火山喷发毁灭之后蜂拥来此定居。