In earlier centuries, doctors across Europe carried metal pomanders filled with similar mixtures, and it's possible that the beak evolved as a hands-free alternative.

在更早的几个世纪里，欧洲各地的医生都随身携带装有类似混合物的金属香烟，而且鸟嘴有可能演变为一种免提的替代品。

The Renaissance knew of strange manners of poisoning—poisoning by a helmet and a lighted torch, by an embroidered glove and a jewelled fan, by a gilded pomander and by an amber chain.

文艺复兴时期知道一些奇怪的下毒方式——用头盔和点燃的火炬下毒，用绣花手套和镶有宝石的扇子下毒，用镀金的香弹和琥珀项链下毒。