There are more phages on earth than every other organism combined, including bacteria.

地球上所有的有机体加起来也没有噬菌体的数量多，包括细菌。

In the West, there have been successful phage trials for foot ulcers.

在西方，已经有成功的噬菌体试验治疗足溃疡。

A phage is a virus; not quite alive, not quite dead.

噬菌体是一种病毒；然而它并不完全是活的，也不完全是死的。

But phages also have major flaws.

然而，噬菌体有一个最大的缺点。

Like any other virus, phages need a host to survive and reproduce.

像所有其他的病毒一样，噬菌体需要宿主来生存繁殖。

This happens when phages, rather than killing their hosts immediately, integrate their genomes into those of their prey.

当噬菌体不是立即杀死宿主，而是将自己的基因组整合到猎物的基因组中时，就会发生这种情况。

Phages, viruses that attack bacteria but don't affect humans, are one promising new avenue to combat bacterial infections.

噬菌体，一种能攻击细菌但不感染人体的病毒，是一个很有前景的对抗细菌感染的新途径。

Which might make you nervous since phages are responsible for the majority of deaths on earth but you're lucky.

可能世界上大部分死亡都是由噬菌体导致的，这一事实会让你感到紧张，然而你很幸运。

Several clinical trials of phage therapy have already been successfully conducted in Poland, the nation of Georgia and Bangladesh.

波兰、格鲁吉亚和孟加拉国已经成功地进行了若干噬菌体治疗的临床试验。

Usually, a phage has chosen one specific bacteria and maybe some of its very close relatives.

通常情况下，一个噬菌体只寄生某一种细菌以及一些它们的近亲。

The side touching the food is coated with phage E2, a virus engineered to stick only to Salmonella typhimurium bacteria.

触摸食物的一边涂有噬菌体E2, 这是一种被研发成只会依附鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的病毒。

Smith's method is known as “phage display.”

史密斯的方法被称为“噬菌体展示”。

In a weird motion, the phage squeezes its tail and injects its genetic information.

用一种奇怪的动作，噬菌体将它的遗传信息通过它的尾巴挤进细菌中。

New phages are released and begin the cycle anew.

新的噬菌体就此诞生，并重复上述的循环。

They only stop when the bacteria is filled up with brand-new phages.

直到整个细菌充满了新造好的噬菌体。

Now, the first time I heard about phages was back in 2013.

现在， 我第一次听说噬菌体是在 2013 年。

Winter used Smith's phage display method to create new kinds of antibodies.

温特使用史密斯的噬菌体展示方法创造了新型抗体。

Dr Chen reckons that phages could in this way end up stealing up to a quarter of their host's genome.

陈博士认为噬菌体可以通过这种方式窃取四分之一的宿主基因组。

Within three weeks of applying the phages, the chronic infection had healed up, where before, no antibiotic was working.

在使用噬菌体后的三周内， 慢性感染就痊愈了，而在此之前， 抗生素是无效的。

To this day, I am fascinated by the medical potential of phages.

直到今天，我都对噬菌体的医学潜力着迷。