Below the water, he saw a number of columns and Maya stone carvings.

在水下，他看到了一些柱子和玛雅石雕。

A first, critical step is to be deliberate about the number of columns.

首先，关键一步就是要认真考虑需要多少列的数字。

When this rank is as high as it can be, meaning it equals the number of columns.

当这个秩是尽可能高的时候 这意味着它等于列数。

So the rule of thumb for a contingency table is you have the number of rows, so you have rows, and then you have your number of columns.

所以列联表的经验法则是你有行数，所以你有行，然后你有你的列数。

And the degrees of freedom, and this is the rule of thumb, the degrees of freedom for your contingency table is going to be the number of rows minus 1 times the number of columns minus 1.

和自由度， 这是经验法则，列联表的自由度将是行数减去 1 乘以列数减去 1。