New techniques that sift nuclear DNA from ancient soil made these findings possible.

从古代土壤中筛选细胞核 DNA 的新技术使这些发现成为可能。

Mutations in over 75 genes – in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA – can lead to this syndrome.

超过 75 个基因（包括核 DNA 和线粒体 DNA）的突变可导致该综合征。

One approach is to combine the nuclear DNA from an affected egg cell with healthy mitochondria from another woman.

一种方法是将受影响卵细胞的核 DNA 与另一名女性的健康线粒体结合起来。

The embryo would then have nuclear DNA from the original mother and father, and mitochondrial DNA from the egg cell donor.

然后，胚胎将具有来自原始母亲和父亲的核 DNA，以及来自卵细胞供体的线粒体 DNA。

Seventeen years after receiving a death sentence, Mr Fain was exonerated: mitochondrial DNA—which is easier to obtain than nuclear DNA but can only rule people out—found in the hair proved that it did not belong to him.

在被判处死刑 17 年后，费恩先生终于被宣告无罪：在头发中发现的线粒体 DNA（比核 DNA 更容易获取， 但只能排除人为因素）证明它不属于他。