This set off a series of new religious movements that radically opposed Catholic dogma.

这引发了一系列激进地反对天主教教义的新宗教运动。

Including one about how photography's rise in the mid-1800s coincided with a new religious movement gaining ground in the US and Europe: Spiritualism.

唯灵论。

From the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century to the rise of new religious movements in the 19th century, every era of social change historically has been followed by a wave of new believers and fanatical behavior.

无论是 16 世纪的新教改革，还是 19 世纪 层出不穷的新教运动，历史上每个 社会变革的时代都伴随着一大波新信徒和狂热行为。

Jesus of Nazareth leading a new religious movement, or Martin Luther King Jr. leading thousands of people in the civil rights movement are examples of personalities that mobilized precisely this kind of authority.

领导新宗教运动的拿撒勒人耶稣， 或领导成千上万民权运动的马丁路德金，都是动员这种权威的人物的例子。