Offshore underwater canyons or rock formations in certain locations like Nazare, Portugal or Mavericks, California , refract the incoming wave energy into a single spot, creating massive waves sought by surfers worldwide.

近海的水下峡谷或岩层在某些地方，比如葡萄牙的纳扎尔或是加利福尼亚的Mavericks，将入射的波浪能量折射到一个地点，从而创造出全世界冲浪者所追求的巨大波浪。