James, the British Geological Survey recorded 23.4 nanometres of movement in Edinburgh. What's that actually mean?

詹姆斯，英国地质调查局在爱丁堡记录了23.4纳米的运动。这其实意味着什么？

Their new material, which they describe in Nature Nanotechnology, is a coating ten nanometres thick.

他们在《自然：纳米技术》上介绍了他们的新材料，一种10纳米厚的涂层。

The OCT systems operated by ophthalmologists use low-power lasers which produce light with a wavelength of 850 nanometres.

眼科医生操作的OCT系统使用的是低功率激光器，能够发出850纳米波长的光线，这刚好超出了眼睛视杆视锥层可感光的范围。

So, what that means is that they recorded the ground flexing up and down by a distance of 23 nanometres.

这意味着他们记录了地面上下弯曲23纳米的距离。

The result is an emulsion of droplets between 100 and 300 nanometres (billionths of a metre) across.

结果会产生一种乳状液，其微滴直径在100到300纳米（纳米为一米的10亿分之一）之间。

The " bread" of this butty is a pair of layers, top and bottom, of titanium dioxide, each three nanometres thick.

三明治的两片“面包”是二氧化钛，上下各有一层，每层有三纳米厚。

These are substances with features measured in nanometres, or billionths of a metre, which let them bend light in unusual ways.

这些材料是以纳米为单位，或者是以一米的十亿分之一为单位的特别物质，所以可以以特别的方式改变光的方向。

The first they dealt with by coating the top of the device with oxides of hafnium, molybdenum and titanium, in layers about 100 nanometres thick.

他们在设备顶上盖上了大概100纳米厚的二氧化铪、氧化钼和氧化钛的混合物。

Its " ten nanometre" chips were originally pencilled in for 2015 or 2016 but did not start trickling out until 2019-an unprecedented delay.

它的“10纳米”芯片原本计划在2015年或2016年推出，但直到2019年才开始陆续问世，这是前所未有的延迟。

But they still have their limits—modern optical microscopes cannot image structures smaller in size than the wavelength of visible light, or a few hundred nanometres.

但它们仍有其局限性——现代光学显微镜无法对尺寸小于可见光波长或几百纳米的结构进行成像。

Go above ten nanometres or so—about a thousandth the size of a red blood cell—and the quantum effects necessary to produce light smear away into nothing.

超过十纳米左右（大约是红细胞大小的千分之一），产生光所必需的量子效应就会消失殆尽。

In the end, he commissioned a group of researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians University in Germany to design an instrument which produces light with a wavelength of 1,300 nanometres and has the ability to fire 440,000 pulses a second.

博士最终委托德国慕尼黑大学的一个研究小组设计了能够每秒产生1300纳米波长、44万脉冲的激光器。

An optical microscope, with a typical resolution of about 250 nanometres, can then produce images of individual elements within cells that are, in reality, only 60 nanometres in width.

典型分辨率约为 250 纳米的光学显微镜可以生成细胞内单个元素的图像，而实际上这些元素的宽度仅为 60 纳米。

When a voltage is applied across two beamlike electrodes made of aluminium, which are separated by a gap of around 50 nanometres, charge builds up on each, creating an attractive force between them, until a critical point is reached.

两个柱状的铝电极间隔约50纳米，当电压加在这两个电极之间时，它们就会相互通电，在二者之间会形成一股引力，直至达到一个临界点。

To solve it, GeneDupe's researchers used nanotomography, a precise form of CT scanning that has a resolution of 500 nanometres, to analyse the position and nature of every single cell in a variety of animals, particularly breeds of dog.

为了解决这个问题，GeneDupe的研究人员运用纳米断层摄影技术对不同动物中每一个细胞的位置与特性进行分析。纳米断层摄影技术是一种更为精密的计算机断层扫描技术，其分辨率可达500纳米。