Typically, TB bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis, are airborne.

导致肺结核的结核杆菌一般是由空气传播的。

The most well known one is mycobacterium tuberculosis, also just called TB.

最著名的是结核分枝杆菌，也缩写成TB。

Finally, there's mycobacteria which are slow-growing like fungi, hence the " myco" in their name even though they're still bacteria.

最后，还有分支杆菌，像真菌一样生长缓慢，因此名字中有“myco”（真菌），尽管它们仍然是细菌。

If so, mycobacterium tuberculosis will reproduce inside those macrophages, and form colonies in the surrounding lung tissue.

这时结核杆菌会在巨噬细胞内繁殖，并在周边组织中形成菌落。

Certain types of mycobacteria can also lurk in hot tub water.

某些类型的分枝杆菌也可以潜伏在热水浴缸中。

Mycobacteria are an interesting bunch, they are slender, rod shaped, and need oxygen to survive, in other words, they're strict aerobes.

结核分枝杆菌是一组很有趣的病原菌，为细长的杆状菌，需要氧气来繁殖，换言之，它们是严格意义上的需氧菌。

Usually it's caused by viruses and bacteria, but it can also be caused by fungi and a special class of bacteria called mycobacteria.

通常它是由病毒和细菌引起的，但也可能由真菌和一种叫做分枝杆菌的特殊细菌引起。

In some cases, although a scar is left over, the mycobacteria is killed off by the immune system and that's the end of that.

有时候虽然会留下瘢痕，分枝杆菌已经被免疫系统杀灭了，这就是最后的结局。

Many people with AIDS die from infections that a healthy immune system would typically be able to fend off, like pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, or mycobacterium avium complex.

许多艾滋病患者死于原本健康的免疫系统本可抵抗的感染，比如卡氏肺孢子菌、巨细胞病毒或鸟分枝杆菌复合物。