Link two of them together, and you've got a disaccharide, lactose, maltose, or sucrose.

把这些糖中的其中两种连接起来， 你就得到了二糖，乳糖，麦芽糖或者蔗糖。

The maltose syrup glaze coating the skin is the secret.

涂在皮肤上的麦芽糖浆釉是秘密。

But L. sanfranciscensis needs maltose to stay alive, so these microbes can live and grow without fighting over resources.

但是 L. sanfranciscensis 需要麦芽糖来维持生命，因此这些微生物可以在不争夺资源的情况下生存和生长。

Unlike the yeast S. cerevisiae, these yeasts are really good at surviving in the acid that the bacterium produces and they don’t digest the sugar maltose.

与酵母 S. cerevisiae 不同，这些酵母非常擅长在细菌产生的酸中存活，并且它们不消化糖麦芽糖。

In the case of maltose, that leaves an alpha 1-4-glycosidic bond which is a bond between carbon number 1 of one glucose monosaccharide and carbon number 4 of the other glucose monosaccharide.

以麦芽糖为例，这个缩合过程形成的糖苷键称为α-1，4糖苷键，即一个葡萄糖分子的1号碳与另一个葡萄糖分子的4号碳相连接。

Different enzymes help to break different linkages - for example amylases break down large polysaccharides like starch into smaller units, whereas lactase, sucrase, and maltase break down lactose, sucrose, and maltose into their monosaccharides.

不同的消化酶能分解特定的糖链，比如淀粉酶可以将淀粉等多糖分解为小分子的糖，而乳糖酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶则分别可将乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖降解为相应的单糖。

For example, in honey 50% of the sugar is fructose, 44% is glucose, 4% is galactose, 2% is maltose; whereas in maple syrup less than 1% of the sugar is fructose, 3% is glucose, and 96% is sucrose.

举个例子，蜂蜜中含有50%的果糖、44%的葡萄糖、4%的半乳糖与2%的麦芽糖；而枫糖浆中，果糖的含量不到1%，葡萄糖仅占3%，其余的96%都是蔗糖。