Primary lymphedema is sometimes associated with other genetic disorders as well, like Turner syndrome.

原发性淋巴水肿有时也与其他遗传疾病有关，例如Turner综合征。

The most common features include streak ovaries, short stature, lymphedema, neck webbing, and congenital heart and renal defects.

最常见的特征包括条索状卵巢、身材矮小、淋巴水肿、颈蹼以及先天性心脏和肾脏缺陷等。

The most common cancer-associated cause of lymphedema is removal of the lymph nodes as a treatment for breast cancer.

最常见的与癌症相关淋巴水肿的病因是在乳腺癌治疗中去除淋巴结的治疗方法。

Infants may be born with lymphedema, or swelling due to a build-up of lymph, in their hands and feet.

特纳综合征婴儿出生时可能会有淋巴水肿，或者手脚因淋巴积聚而肿胀。

That being said, sometimes lymphedema can be diagnosed by comparing the affected limb to the opposite limb.

因此，有时可以通过比较患肢和对侧正常肢体来诊断淋巴水肿。

However, usually CVI happens bilaterally, meaning on both sides of the body, as opposed to one side, as with lymphedema.

然而，与淋巴水肿常发生在肢体一侧不同，通常CVI发生在双侧，导致血液在静脉淤积。

Leticia is a 67 year-old woman who suffers from mental health disorders and lymphedema, which causes swelling of the arms and legs.

莱蒂西亚是一名67岁的妇女，患有精神疾病和淋巴水肿，这导致手臂和腿部肿胀。

For that reason, most people develop primary lymphedema early on, before age 35, which is called lymphedema praecox.

因此，大多数原发性淋巴水肿患者的发病年龄在35岁前，称为早发性淋巴水肿。

Primary lymphedema, on the other hand, is when there isn't some other disease or factor that leads to lymphatic obstruction.

而原发性的淋巴水肿没有其他导致淋巴管阻塞的疾病或因素。

When someone develops primary lymphedema later on, usually after age 35, it's called lymphedema tarda.

若在35岁后患病，则称为迟发性淋巴水肿。

If these options don't work, sometimes people with lymphedema can have surgery to help either improve drainage or reduce fluid load.

如果这些方法都不起作用，患者可进行手术，以帮助改善引流或减少体液负荷。

Usually, primary lymphedema is a congenital condition that's been present since birth, maybe as a result of part of the lymphatic system not developing right.

通常原发性淋巴水肿是自出生以来就存在的先天性疾病，可能由部分淋巴系统发育异常导致。

During stage zero, the latent stage, there's some damage to the lymphatics, but enough lymph is still being removed; thus, lymphedema is not present.

在第零期，即潜伏期，淋巴管虽受到一些损害，但仍有足量的淋巴液被清除；因此，该阶段并无淋巴水肿。

You'll notice that all of these causes of lymphedema are the result of some other disease, so these are situations that represent secondary lymphedema.

你会发现所有这些导致淋巴水肿的病因，都是某些其他疾病造成的，所以这些情况都是继发性淋巴水肿的表现。

Now, though she's cancer-free, Bates says she is dealing with her biggest challenge yet: lymphedema, a disease that's commonly caused by the removal of lymph nodes during cancer treatment.

贝茨说，虽然她不会得癌症了，但她正在应对迄今为止最大的挑战：淋巴水肿，这种病通常是在癌症治疗过程中摘除淋巴结引起的。

Then Bates decided to turn her frustration into good by helping raise awareness about lymphedema, which can develop in a percentage of cancer patients who have their lymph nodes removed.

然后贝茨决定通过帮助提高人们对淋巴水肿的认识来把她的沮丧转化为善行，一部分癌症患者的淋巴结被切除后会出现淋巴水肿。

Early diagnosis of lymphedema is difficult because there aren't many obvious signs, and it can sometimes mimic chronic venous insufficiency, or CVI, where blood collects in the veins.

淋巴水肿的早期诊断较为困难，原因是该病并没有很多明显的体征，并有时可能会与慢性静脉功能不全（CVI）相混淆。

One of the most common global causes of lymphedema is filariasis, an infection with nematode parasites, which are tiny worms; the most common species are: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori.

丝虫病是淋巴水肿在全球范围内最普遍的病因，为线虫类寄生虫的感染所致；最常见的物种有班氏吴策线虫、马来布鲁丝虫与帝汶布鲁丝虫。