Additionally, the lower esophageal sphincter is tightly closed between meals to prevent acid reflux.

另外，食管下括约肌在不进食时会保持强力收缩状态，来防止胃酸返流。

The lower esophageal sphincter has a resting pressure of 10 to 45 millimeters of mercury.

食管下括约肌的静息压力为10至45毫米汞柱。

Finally, at the lower esophageal sphincter, the squamous epithelium joins the columnar gastric epithelium to form the gastroesophageal junction.

最后，在食管下括约肌处，食管鳞状上皮移行为胃柱状上皮，形成了胃-食管交界区。

Now, when the pressure of the lower esophageal gets lower for some reason, reflux persists for longer, becoming pathological.

那么，当食管下段压力由于某种原因而降低时，反流持续时间延长，变成病理性的。

In scleroderma, the muscle of the lower esophageal sphincter is replaced by connective tissue, so it can't contract properly.

在硬皮病中，食管下括约肌被结缔组织替代，不能正常收缩。

Risk factors for developing GERD are factors that weaken the lower esophageal sphincter - like obesity, a fat-rich diet, caffeine, alcohol, and smoking.

发展为GERD的危险因素即降低食管下括约肌张力的因素，比如肥胖、富含脂肪的饮食、咖啡因、酒精和吸烟。

With GERD, the lower esophageal sphincter is weaker than normal, and it allows acid from the stomach to go back up into the esophagus after meals.

GERD患者的食管下括约肌较正常人弱，所以允许胃酸在餐后从胃返流到食管内。

The force of the traction of these magnetic beads coming together helps keep the weak lower esophageal sphincter or valve closed at the end of the esophagus, he stated.

这些磁珠的牵引力一起作用帮助孱弱的食道下端括约肌或阀们紧闭食道, 他说道。

Other choices include prokinetic medications, which increase the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter, and the GABA agonist baclofen, which inhibits transient LES relaxations, especially after meals.

其他选择包括促胃肠动力药，这会增加食管下括约肌的张力，以及GABA激动剂巴氯芬，它能抑制一过性LES松弛，尤其是在饭后。

The esophagus is a long tube going from the pharynx to the stomach, and it's connected to the pharynx through the upper esophageal sphincter, and to the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter.

食管是连接咽部和胃的长管，上端借食管上括约肌与咽部连接，下端借食管下括约肌与胃连接。

In hiatal hernia, the stomach and lower part of the esophagus slide up through the esophageal hiatus, which is an orifice in the diaphragm, and this decreases the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter.

在食管裂孔疝中，胃和食管下部通过食管裂孔（这是膈膜中的一个孔）向上滑动（进入胸腔），这降低了食管下括约肌的压力。

Surgery can be done when pharmacological treatment is not effective, and the most common procedure is Nissen fundoplication, where the gastric fundus is wrapped around the lower esophageal sphincter in order to make it tighter.

当药物治疗无效时，可以进行手术，最常见的手术方法是Nissen胃底折叠术，指胃底包裹在食管下括约肌周围以使其更紧。

Alright, as a quick recap, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a condition where a decreased tone of the lower esophageal sphincter causes an excessive amount of stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

得！快速回顾一下：胃食管反流病（即GERD）是一种食管下括约肌张力下降导致过多胃酸反流回食管的疾病。