This balance is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which pumps 2 potassium ions in for every 3 sodium ions out, as well as potassium leak channels and inward rectifier channels that are scattered throughout the membrane.

这一平衡由钠-钾离子泵维持，它每泵入2个钾离子时，会泵出3个钠离子，此外还有贯通细胞层的钾泄露通道和整流通道。