They aren't based solely on ascribed status at birth.

它们不仅仅基于出生时的归属地位。

The first three are all ascribed statuses.

前三个都是归因状态。

Instead they combine ascribed status and personal achievement in a way that allows for some social mobility.

相反，他们以一种允许一定社会流动性的方式将赋予的地位和个人成就结合起来。

In these systems, social position is based on ascribed status, or the social position you inherit at birth.

在这些系统中，社会地位是基于先天地位，或者你出生时继承的社会地位。

Race, for instance, is an ascribed status assigned at birth, while the ascribed status of “middle-aged” happens at a point later in life.

例如，种族是出生时指定的归属状态，而“中年”的归属状态发生在生命后期的某个时刻。

Ascribed statuses are those in which a person has no choice; they're either assigned at birth or assigned involuntarily later in life.

赋予的地位是一个人别无选择的地位；他们要么在出生时被分配，要么在以后的生活中不由自主地分配。