The second issue is that when transistors get really really small, where electrodes might be separated by only a few dozen atoms, electrons can jump the gap, a phenomenon called quantum tunneling.

第二个问题是，当晶体管变得非常非常小时，电极可能只被几十个原子隔开，电子可以跳过间隙，这种现象称为量子隧穿。