In atypical or interstitial pneumonia, the infection is mainly just outside the alveoli in the interstitium.

在非典型肺炎和间质性肺炎中，感染主要发生在间质的肺泡外。

The second is an internal balance shift where potassium moves out of cells, and into the interstitium and blood.

二是内钾平衡改变，细胞内钾离子被移出细胞，进入组织液和血液。

Typically intrarenal AKI's due to damage to the tubules, the glomerulus, or the interstitium —the space between tubules.

通常，肾性AKI是由于肾小管、肾小球或间质空间（肾小管间的空间）损坏所致。

Chemokines attract neutrophils to the renal interstitium, but typically the glomeruli and vessels of the kidney are spared.

趋化因子吸引中性粒细胞到达肾间质，但通常肾小球和肾血管不会受累。

The leydig cells are in the interstitium of the testes and in response to luteinizing hormone they convert cholesterol into testosterone.

睾丸间质细胞正如其名，位于睾丸的间质中，在LH的刺激下，它能把胆固醇转化成睾酮。

Bronchopneumonia is spread throughout the lungs, atypical or interstitial pneumonia happens interstitium around the alveoli, and lobar pneumonia usually infects an entire lobe of the lung.

支气管肺炎在整个肺内传播，非典型肺炎或间质性肺炎在肺泡周围间隙，大叶性肺炎通常感染整个肺叶。

If Leptospira gets to the kidneys, it may infect the interstitium, causing interstitial nephritis, or it may cause an inflammatory reaction that damages the renal tubules, resulting in acute tubular necrosis.

如果钩端螺旋体进入肾脏，它会感染肾间质而引起间质性肾炎，也能引发炎性反应损伤肾小管，导致急性肾小管坏死。

Less water in the cells increases the intracellular potassium concentration, which increases potassium's concentration gradient, and pushes more of it out of the cell and into the interstitium and blood.

细胞内水分减少导致钾离子浓缩，升高了钾离子的浓度梯度，使更多钾离子从细胞内进入细胞间质和血中。

Now, the majority of the extracellular calcium, the calcium in the blood and interstitium, is split almost equally between two groups - calcium that is diffusible and calcium that is not diffusible.

那些在血液和间质中的大多数细胞外钙被大致均分成两组：可扩散钙与不扩散钙。

Individuals with chronic gout are also at an increased risk for developing kidney stones made of uric acid, as well as urate nephropathy, which is when urate crystals deposit in the interstitium of the kidney.

慢性痛风的病人罹患尿酸性肾结石以及尿酸性肾病的风险也会升高；尿酸性肾病中，尿酸结晶沉积于肾脏间质。

Alright, finally we have damage to the kidney interstitium as a cause of intrarenal AKI, one key example being acute interstitial nephritis, which is inflammation of the interstitium over the course of days to weeks.

好，最后，我们来看肾间质损害作为病因的情况，一个关键的例子就是急性间质性肾炎，这是持续数天到数周的间质炎症。

But if the medication isn't stopped, and the immune cells continue to damage the connective tissue in the interstitium, and those kidney cells can start to die off, called renal papillary necrosis, where the renal papillae are destroyed.

但是如果药物没有停用，这些免疫细胞会继续损害间质中的结缔组织，而肾脏细胞会开始死亡，称为肾乳头坏死，即肾乳头受损。

So as a quick recap, intrarenal AKI is kidney injury caused by something within the kidneys themselves, which could be the tubules as in acute tubular necrosis, the glomerulus as in glomerulonephritis, or the interstitium as in acute interstitial nephritis.

好！快速回顾一下：肾性急性肾损伤是由肾脏内部引起的急性肾损伤，可能是小管，如急性肾小管坏死；或肾小球，如肾小球肾炎；或肾间质，如急性间质性肾炎。