For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.

比如说，基因组序列是否违背了其中单个基因专利仍无定论。

Over time, we've learned that some cancers are driven by individual genes or by specific mutations at the molecular level.

随着时间的推移，我们了解到一些癌症是由个体基因或分子水平上的特定突变驱动的。

Scientists can being to better understand genetic diseases, like cystic fibrosis, by isolating individual genes and seeing their effects.

科学家们可以通过分离单个基因并观察它们的影响来更好地了解遗传病，如囊性纤维化。

For the most part our fate and comfort - and even our eye color - are determined not by individual genes but by complexes of genes working in alliance.

令人欣慰的是，我们的命运在很大程度上——即便是我们眼惰的颜色——不是由个别基因决定的，而是各种各样的基因通力协作的结果。

It was Hamilton, the butterfly-collecting son of a civil engineer, who had the crucial insight: that what matters in evolution are not organisms or groups of organisms, but individual genes.

Hamilton，一位土木工程师的儿子，蝴蝶收藏者，拥有敏锐的洞察力：影响生物进化的不是生物体或生物群落，而是个体基因。

This is probably an example of kin selection, which favours the evolution of behaviour that assists the collateral passage of an individual's genes alongside the more normal route of direct descent.

这可能是亲属选择的一个例子，亲属选择有利于行为的进化，这些行为有助于个体基因沿着更正常的直接血统途径进行旁路传递。

Dr Ravreby speculates that odour-matching of this sort may be an extended form of kin selection, which spreads an individual's genes collaterally, by helping the reproduction of relatives who are likely to share them.

Ravreby博士推测，这种气味匹配可能是亲缘选择的一种延伸形式，它通过帮助可能共享基因的亲缘去繁殖，来间接传播个体的基因。