Over the years his creations included a new kind of plow and an improved type of sundial.

多年来，他的创作包括一种新型犁和一种改进型日晷。

In theory, by improving these types of processes, the brain becomes more resilient to the impairments caused by diseases like dementia — a concept known as cognitive reserve.

从理论上讲，通过改善这些类型的过程，大脑对失智症等疾病造成的损伤会有更强的复原能力——这一概念被称为认知储备。

Clara, for instance, beautiful and bright as she was, was not unlike a very pleasant and unaffected young lady; and the other girls also seemed nothing more than specimens of very much improved types which I had known in other times.

例如，克拉拉，尽管她美丽而聪明，但与一位非常讨人喜欢、天真烂漫的年轻女士并无二致。其他的女孩也不过是我以前认识的改良型的标本。