The two researchers have cooperated for many years, with Kariko centering on RNA and Weissman studying related immunology.

这两位研究人员已经合作多年，考里科专注于研究核糖核酸，韦斯曼研究相关免疫学。

I was working with RNA, and I learned all of the immunology from you.

我在研究RNA，我从你那里学到了所有的免疫学知识。

In practice, it is still too early to celebrate. Dr Edwards warns that immunology has never been a predictive science.

实际上，现在庆祝还为时过早。Edwards博士警告称免疫学从来就不是一门预测科学。

Let me go over a little bit of the immunology.

让我回顾一下免疫学。

And back then, he was studying immunology, the molecular architecture of fevers.

当时，他正在研究免疫学，即发烧的分子结构。

He worked awhile as a researcher in medical immunology at the National Institute of Health.

他曾在美国国立卫生研究院担任过一段时间的医学免疫学研究员。

Nobel Committee Member Klas Karre, a professor of molecular immunology, summed up the achievements of the two winners with a metaphor.

诺贝尔委员会成员、分子免疫学教授卡拉斯·卡雷用一个比喻总结了两位获奖者的成就。

As our knowledge of immunology has increased, so too has our capacity to innovate in the vaccines that deliver those signals.

随着我们免疫学知识的增长，我们在传递这些信号的疫苗方面，其创新能力也在增强。

Let me explain, let's start with basic immunology in how all of these vaccines work when they're targeted towards a virus.

这里先从基础免疫学解释一下——针对特定的病毒，疫苗是如何产生作用的。

In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal—the black flying fox, a type of bat—handles infections.

本着比较免疫学理论，贝克尔和她的同事们对其它哺乳动物蝙蝠的一种，黑狐蝠应对感染的方式进行了观察。

Immunology is the study of the immune system, which includes the innate and adaptive immune system in humans, for example.

免疫学是对免疫系统包括人体非特异性免疫及获得性免疫系统的研究。

According to Dr. Kate Welch, a specialist in immunology and allergies, it's possible that our ancestors were in serious danger when they encountered something like pollen.

根据免疫学和过敏症专家凯特韦尔奇博士的说法，当我们的祖先遇到花粉之类的东西时， 他们可能处于严重危险之中。

Anatomy is the study of the body's structure; physiology is the study of the body's function. Other studies of human body include cytology, embryology, histology, immunology, endocrinology, hematology, biology, psychology etc.

解剖学家发现将人体分成十个系统（对研究）是有益的，本文将对每个系统的主要部分作出介绍。

At the innovative, patented end of the market, meanwhile, eqrx and Checkpoint Therapeutics are developing new cancer and immunology drugs with the explicit intention of undercutting expensive existing therapies from big pharma.

与此同时，在创新的专利市场端，eqrx 和 Checkpoint Therapeutics 正在开发新的癌症和免疫学药物，其明确意图是削弱大型制药公司现有的昂贵疗法。

The market is projected to grow by 26% per year in the next five years, compared with 16% per year for oncology drugs and 4% per year for immunology medicines, the two other biggest areas.

预计未来五年该市场每年将增长 26%，而另外两个最大的领域肿瘤药物每年增长率为 16%，免疫药物每年增长率为 4%。

It is reasonable to expect, based on what we know about immunology and science of this virus, that these new vaccines will provide better protection against infection, better protection against transmission, and ongoing and better protection against serious illness.

根据我们对这种病毒的免疫学和科学知识的了解，我们有理由期望，这些新疫苗将更好地防止感染，更好地防止传播，以及持续并更好地保护人们免受严重疾病的影响。