The diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is mainly done by measuring levels of renin and aldosterone.

醛固酮增多症的诊断主要通过测定肾素与醛固酮的水平来完成。

Secondary causes of hyperaldosteronism are usually due to excess aldosterone production in response to high levels of renin.

醛固酮增多症的继发性原因通常是由于高水平肾素导致醛固酮生成过多。

Treatment of hyperaldosteronism is usually with potassium-sparing diuretics, especially spironolactone, which competitively binds to aldosterone receptors on the principal and alpha-intercalated cells.

醛固酮增多症的治疗通常使用保钾利尿剂，尤其是螺内酯：其可竞争性结合主细胞及α-闰细胞上的醛固酮受体。

Individuals with hyperaldosteronism typically develop hypertension related symptoms like headaches and facial flushing, as well as hypokalemia related symptoms like constipation, weakness, and potentially changes in their heart rhythm.

醛固酮增多症患者通常会出现高血压相关症状，如头痛和面部潮红，以及低钾血症相关症状，如便秘、乏力与对心律的潜在影响。

The most common primary cause is called idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, because the zona glomerulosa has an increase in the number of cells secreting aldosterone, but it's not really clear why this happens.

最常见的原发性病因称为特发性醛固酮增多症：这是由于球状带分泌醛固酮的细胞数量增加，但目前尚不清楚为什么会发生这种情况。

In primary hyperaldosteronism, the main problem is that zona glomerulosa cells secrete high levels of aldosterone, and that aldosterone has a negative feedback effect on renin, and so it actually inhibits renin production.

在原发性醛固酮增多症中，主要问题是球状带细胞分泌高水平的醛固酮；醛固酮对肾素有负反馈作用，因而实际上抑制肾素生成。

All that being said, in situations where somebody produces too much aldosterone, like primary hyperaldosteronism, then there's more potassium secretion by the principal cells and excreted, and therefore less potassium is retained, leading to hypokalemia.

说了这么多，在某人产生了太多醛固酮的情况下，比如原发性醛固酮增多症，更多的钾被主细胞分泌并排泄，这意味着更少的钾被保留，导致了低钾血症。

All right, as a quick recap, hyperaldosteronism is the chronic, excess secretion of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, and these high aldosterone levels can lead to hypokalemia, hypernatremia, hypertension, and a metabolic alkalosis.

得！简单回顾一下：醛固酮增多症是指肾上腺球状带长期分泌过多的醛固酮；这些高醛固酮水平可导致低钾血症、高钠血症、高血压与代谢性碱中毒。