There were literally thousands of patents on human genes.

毫不夸张地说，现在已经 有上千个人类基因专利。

It ends a 25-year practice of allowing patents on human genes in the United States.

它终结了美国境内 25 年来 允许授予人类基因专利的行为。

Jennifer Raff is a scientist who studies ancient human genes at the University of Kansas.

詹妮弗·拉夫是堪萨斯大学研究古人类基因的一名科学家。

Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades — by 2005, some 20% of human genes were patented.

各家公司早就获得了单个 DNA 的专利，2005 年大约有 20% 的人类基因被授予专利。

But they still could not cure them. They hoped treatments developed from knowledge of human genes would help.

但是仍然不能根治这些疾病。他们希望从人类基因知识中得出来的治疗方法能帮助治愈患者。

To investigate further, Dr Drayna is now attempting to splice human stutter-causing genes into the DNA of mice.

为了进一步调查，德雷纳博士正尝试将引发人类口吃的基因拼接到老鼠的DNA中。

The WHO group said in a statement that any human gene editing work should be done for research only.

世卫组织小组在一份声明中表示，任何人类基因编辑工作都应仅限于研究。

Over 60 percent of human genes, it turns out, are fundamentally the same as those found in fruit flies.

事实证明，60%以上的人类基因本质上与果蝇是一样的。

Sometimes that lack of relatedness can be finessed by inserting human genes that are relevant to the matter under investigation.

有时，通过插入与被调查物质相关的人类基因，可以巧妙地解决这种缺乏关联性的问题。

On April 15th they were presented with a particularly testing puzzler: should the law allow people to patent human genes?

4月15日，法官们遇到一个相当棘手的案件：法律是否允许取得人类基因的专利权。

And the wheat genome is terrifically complicated; it's five times as many genes as there are human genes.

小麦基因组极其复杂；它的基因数量是人类基因数量的五倍。

You may know how human genes are transferred to host bacterial cells, which then produce large amounts of substances humans require, such as hormones like insulin.

你可能知道人类基因是如何转移到宿主细菌细胞中的，然后细菌细胞产生大量人类需要的物质，比如胰岛素等激素。

The WHO group said in a statement that any human gene editing work should be done for research only. It also said trials of gene-editing should not be done on humans.

世卫组织小组在一份声明中表示，任何人类基因编辑工作都应仅限于研究。该小组称，不应进行人类基因编辑试验。

12. Eventually we shall be able to 'humanize' animals by injecting them with human genes for transplantation purposes, so that their organs will become compatible with the body of the person receiving the transplant.

最终，我们将能够通过为动物注射用于移植目的的人类基因来“人性化”动物，以便它们的器官与接受移植的人的身体兼容。

Modern humans may have simply been better at finding resources and adapted better to a warming climate, or perhaps a bit of genocide occurred, or perhaps humans mixed with the Neanderthals and simply absorbed them into the modern human gene pool.

现代人类可能只是更善于寻找资源，并更好地适应了气候变暖，或者可能发生了种族灭绝的情况，或者可能人类与尼安德特人混杂在一起，然后简单地把他们吸收进了现代人类的基因库。