Grey matter consists of cell bodies.

灰质由神经元胞体构成。

Now, the spinal cord is composed of both grey and white matter.

脊髓由灰质和白质共同组成。

Shrinking sounds bad though: why would you want less grey matter?

虽然脑部萎缩听起来很糟糕，不过为什么你希望灰质减少？

Surrounding the grey matter is white matter, which consists of the myelinated axons of various neurons.

灰质周围的是白质，由有髓鞘的神经元轴突构成。

This thin layer of grey matter covers the entire cerebrum, with different areas processing information from each of our senses.

这层薄薄的灰质覆盖整个大脑，不同的区域负责处理来自各个感官的信息。

There are other ways to stimulate the old grey matter.

还有其他方法可以刺激旧灰质。

Scientists have also found that people with Bipolar Disorder have reduced grey matter in various parts of their brains.

科学家还发现，双相情感障碍患者大脑各个部位的灰质减少。

For example, a study found that taxicab drivers developed more grey matter in their brains to help them navigate more effectively in large cities.

例如，一项研究发现，出租车司机的大脑中有更多的灰质，帮助他们在大城市更有效地导航。

More research needs to be done - but scientist Professor Colin Blakemore from Oxford University says that grey matter can change shape in the brain.

虽然还需要做更多的研究，但牛津大学的科学家科林·布莱克莫尔教授表示，灰质可以改变大脑的形状。

If you try and learn a language, regardless of your age, synaptic connections are made, which ultimately create a denser grey matter and stronger white matter networks.

如果你试着学习一门语言，不管你的年龄如何，（你大脑的）突触连接就会建立起来，最终形成一个更密集的灰质和更强大的白质网络。

They also found that the amount of grey matter in their brains was correlated with the number of years that they had been working as a taxi driver.

他们还发现，他们大脑中的灰质数量与他们做出租车司机的年限相关。

The two sorts of brain look different, too. Stutterers tend, for instance, to have more densely packed grey matter in the areas associated with processing and producing sounds.

两者的大脑看起来也不同。比如，有关处理和产生声音的区域上覆盖的灰质，口吃者要更密集。

That being said, it's been found that musicians brains have more grey matter, more neuroplasticity, altered white matter, and sometimes a more symmetrical firing pattern!

话虽如此，人们发现音乐家的大脑有更多的灰质、更多的神经可塑性、改变的白质，有时还有更对称的发射模式！

For example the sympathetic division, or the fight response, has its cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions and make up the lateral horns of the grey matter.

比如交感神经系统，控制战逃反应；它的神经元胞体就位于脊髓胸腰段的灰质的脊髓侧角。

But those who juggled, had an increase in grey matter in two areas of the hippocampus and neocortex, parts of the brain involved in memory, visual and motor activity.

但是那些玩杂耍的人，在海马体和新皮层的两个区域的灰质增加，大脑中涉及记忆、视觉和运动活动的部分。

Afterwards, the brains of these participants saw an increase of grey matter in areas associated with memory, strategic planning, and fine motor skills of the hands, compared to those who had not played.

之后，这些参与者的大脑中，与记忆、战略规划和手部精细运作技能相关的灰质，相较于未玩游戏的人有所增加。

Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain's neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language.

有些甚至看得见，像是大脑中的灰质呈现较高的密度，包含脑中的神经元和突触，投入第二语言时，大脑的特定区域也会更活跃。

These MRI scans can measure the thickness of the grey matter in the brain–that's the outer layer of the brain which varies in thickness, and is full of neurons–nerve cells, which are very sensitive.

这些核磁共振扫描可以测量大脑灰质的厚度——灰质是大脑的外层，它的厚度变化不定，充满了神经元——神经细胞，它们非常敏感。

What the scientists found was that people who have thicker grey matter in one area of the brain–the anterior cingulate- described themselves as being liberal or left-wing, and those with a thinner layer described themselves as conservative or right-wing.

科学家们发现，大脑前扣带灰质较厚的人将自己描述为自由派或左翼，而那些灰质较薄的人将自己描述为保守派或右翼。

The hypothesis we're testing is to see whether there is any significant difference in the shape or structure - the thickness of the grey matter covering the brain - between people who self-classify as either left or right wing.

我们正在测试的假设是，看看在自认为属于左翼或右翼的人之间，大脑的形状或结构(覆盖大脑的灰质厚度)是否存在显著差异。