Interestingly, once the blood leaves these glomeruli it does not enter into venules.

有趣的是，当动脉血离开这些肾小球后，并不进入小静脉。

The glomerulus is the site where blood filtration starts.

肾小球就是血液滤过的开端。

First off, potassium is freely filtered from the blood into the urine at the glomerulus.

首先，钾离子在肾小球可以自由地从血中过滤入尿中。

First off, potassium is freely filtered into the urine at the glomerulus.

首先，钾在肾小球自由滤过进入尿液。

Instead the glomerulus funnels blood into efferent arterioles which divide into capillaries a second time.

而是由肾小球将血液输送进入出球小动脉，后者分支复成毛细血管网。

Alright another type of intrarenal AKI is glomerulonephritis, or GN, which means inflammation of the glomerulus.

好，另一类肾性急性肾损伤是肾小球性肾炎，即GN，意味着肾小球的炎症。

The cortical radiate arteries continue to divide eventually forming afferent arterioles that split into a tiny bundle of capillaries called the glomerulus.

小叶间动脉继续分支，最后形成入球小动脉；后者再分成若干小支形成一团微小的毛细血管球，即肾小球。

After leading to a glomerulus, these neurons synapse with mitral cells, which go on to send signals to the brain.

在通过肾小球后，这些神经元与二尖瓣细胞突触，二尖瓣细胞继续向大脑发送信号。

Typically intrarenal AKI's due to damage to the tubules, the glomerulus, or the interstitium —the space between tubules.

通常，肾性AKI是由于肾小管、肾小球或间质空间（肾小管间的空间）损坏所致。

So, after each smell-specific neuron is triggered, the signal travels down its axon where it converges with other cells in a structure called a glomerulus.

所以，在每个气味特异性神经元被触发后，信号沿着轴突传播，在那里它与其他细胞在一个叫做肾小球的结构中汇合。

Those glomeruli that are affected, though, allow proteins to filter through into the urine, and ultimately people with FSGS develop nephrotic syndrome.

当这些肾小球受累，蛋白质可滤过入尿，最终，FSGS患者出现肾病综合征。

A narrow lumen means less blood and oxygen gets delivered to the kidney, resulting in ischemic injury to the nephron's glomerulus.

管腔狭窄意味着对肾的供血供氧减少，导致肾单位中肾小球的缺血性损伤。

In response to this high-pressure state, the supportive mesangial cells secrete more and more structural matrix expanding the size of the glomerulus.

为了应对这种高压力状态，系膜细胞分泌更多的细胞外基质，增大了肾小球体积。

So focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a type of nephrotic syndrome, that's helpful, but why does the glomerulus develop segmental sclerosis in the first place?

那么局灶节段性肾小球肾炎是肾病综合征的一种，这很有帮助，但肾小球是如何原发性地产生节段性硬化的呢？

Inside the glomerulus, the olfactory axons meet up with the dendrites of another kind of nerve cell, called a mitral cell, which relays the signal to the brain.

在肾小球内，嗅觉轴突与另一种神经细胞的树突相遇，称为二尖瓣细胞，将信号传递到大脑。

Normally, calcium filters from the blood into the glomerulus of the kidney but is then reabsorbed back into the blood by the nephron so that it isn't lost.

正常情况下，钙从血液中过滤进入肾小球，但随后被肾单位重新吸收到血液中，以防丢失。

Segmental means that only a segment, or part of the glomeruli is affected, and focal means that among all those glomeruli in the kidney, only some are affected.

节段性，意思是只有肾小球的一部分受累；局灶性，是指在肾组织所有肾小球中，只有部分肾小球受累。

With each mucosal infection, the glomeruli undergo inflammation and injury, so over time—on the scale of decades—individuals may slowly progress to renal failure.

每一次粘膜感染，肾小球都会经历炎症和损伤，久而久之，几十年过后可能会发展为肾衰竭。

Alright so on histology, there'll be segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis of the glomeruli, and under electron microscope, there's effacement of the foot processes of the podocytes.

在组织学上，患者的组织活检会出现肾小球节段性硬化和玻璃样变，在电镜下可见足细胞足突消失。

Usually the glomerulus and mesangium help filter the blood to remove wastes while keeping larger proteins and cells—including red blood cells—from entering the urine.

通常肾小球和系膜细胞能滤过血液、去除废物，同时防止大分子蛋白和包括红细胞在内的细胞进入尿液。