From the name, you have glomerulosclerosis, which indicates sclerosis, or scar tissue, forming in the glomeruli.

从名字上看，肾小球硬化指示肾小球中有硬化或瘢痕。

To confirm the diagnosis a kidney biopsy can be done to look for changes like glomerulosclerosis.

为了确诊，可通过肾活检寻找如肾小球硬化等多种病变。

So focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a type of nephrotic syndrome, that's helpful, but why does the glomerulus develop segmental sclerosis in the first place?

那么局灶节段性肾小球肾炎是肾病综合征的一种，这很有帮助，但肾小球是如何原发性地产生节段性硬化的呢？

Over many years, this process of glomerulosclerosis, once again, diminishes the nephron's ability to filter the blood and leads to chronic kidney disease.

多年后，这一肾小球硬化的过程，也会降低肾单位的血液滤过能力，导致慢性肾病。

Although diabetes and hypertension are responsible for the vast majority of CKD cases, there are other systemic diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, can also cause glomerulosclerosis.

尽管糖尿病和高血压是慢性肾病的主要病因，也有其他疾病如狼疮、类风湿性关节炎能导致肾小球硬化。

This excessive extracellular matrix leads to glomerulosclerosis, hardening and scarr, and diminishes the nephron's ability to filter the blood - over time leading to chronic kidney disease.

这些多余的细胞外基质造成肾小球硬化症，即肾小球硬化、瘢痕化，并减弱肾单位对血液的滤过能力，逐渐发展成慢性肾病。

Alright, so as a quick recap, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a nephrotic syndrome characterized by sclerosis and hyalinosis in some, but not all, glomeruli, and usually only affects part of the glomeruli that it affects.

得！快速回顾一下：局灶节段性肾小球肾炎是一种肾病综合征，以部分肾小球的硬化和玻璃样变为特征，通常只影响肾小球的一小部分。