This brings us to the structural functionalist perspective.

这将我们带到了结构功能主义的视角。

Third, in a functionalist perspective, religion provides people with a sense of purpose in life.

第三，从功能主义的角度来看，宗教为人们提供了生活的目的感。

We also talked about structural functionalist approaches to education and some of the manifest and latent functions associated with education.

我们还讨论了结构功能主义的教育方法以及与教育相关的一些显性和潜在功能。

But the other role of family in a structural functionalist framework is the regulation of sexual activity.

但家庭在结构功能主义框架中的另一个作用是对性活动的调节。

For example, from a structural functionalist perspective, cultures form to provide order and cohesiveness in a society.

例如，从结构功能主义的角度来看，文化的形成是为了在社会中提供秩序和凝聚力。

And lastly, we looked at a structural functionalist and a conflict theory perspective on what cultures mean for society.

最后，我们研究了结构功能主义者和冲突理论对文化对社会意味着什么的观点。

This model was closely linked with structural functionalist theory and dominated much of American sociology in the 1950s and early 60s.

该模型与结构功能主义理论密切相关，并在 1950 年代和 60 年代初期主导了美国社会学的大部分内容。

So the structural functionalist perspective makes this same basic assumption: Society is seen as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and social order.

（在结构功能论视角下）社会一个复杂系统，各个局部协同合作以促进社会的稳定和秩序。

So the structural functionalist perspective on deviance provides some useful ways of thinking about how deviance works on a macro scale.

因此，关于偏差的结构功能主义观点提供了一些有用的方法来思考偏差如何在宏观尺度上起作用。

Sociologist Talcott Parsons, working within a structural functionalist framework, described the social and cultural responses to disease through the concept of what he called the Sick Role.

社会学家塔尔科特·帕森斯 (Talcott Parsons) 在结构功能主义框架内工作，通过他称之为病态角色的概念描述了社会和文化对疾病的反应。

Structural functionalists emphasize the role that families play in socializing children, so they can function in society, while of course also giving them emotional and material support.

结构功能主义者强调家庭在儿童社会化方面的作用，因此他们可以在社会中发挥作用， 同时当然也给予他们情感和物质支持。

While structural functionalists are concerned with how gender helps all of society work well, symbolic-interactionists are more focused in how gender is part of day to day life.

结构功能主义者关注性别如何帮助整个社会良好运转，而符号互动主义者则更关注性别如何成为日常生活的一部分。

To take an extreme example, a structural functionalist view might imagine that poverty, although harmful to people, is functional for society, because it ensures there are always people who want work.

举一个极端例子，虽然贫困伤害个人，但结构功能论可能将贫困看作对社会有益的结构，因为贫困保证了足够多的劳动力。

Now, the functionalist approach has historically held that gender inequalities are a natural result of each gender taking on the tasks they’re best suited for.

现在，功能主义方法历来认为性别不平等是每个性别承担最适合的任务的自然结果。

Since Durkheim is a structural functionalist, social dysfunctions always have larger structural causes – they’re created by some underlying problem with the social organism.

由于涂尔干是结构功能主义者，社会功能障碍总是有更大的结构原因——它们是由社会有机体的一些潜在问题造成的。

This view adds more complexity and nuance to the matter of stratification, but as with the structural functionalist approach, it’s focused only on the macro perspective.

这种观点为分层问题增加了更多的复杂性和细微差别，但与结构功能主义方法一样， 它只关注宏观视角。

This basic understanding of society in terms of structures that fit together, and which function either well or poorly, makes Durkheim the founder of the structural functionalist paradigm that we discussed in episode 2.

这种对社会的基本理解是结合在一起的结构，它们的功能要么好， 要么差，这使得涂尔干成为我们在第 2 集中讨论的结构功能主义范式的创始人。