Whether such privileges had before been usually granted, along with the freedom of trade, to particular burghers, as individuals, I know not.

我不知道以前是否通常将这种特权连同贸易自由授予特定市民个人。

Taxes imposed with a view to prevent, or even to diminish importation, are evidently as destructive of the revenue of the customs as of the freedom of trade.

为防止甚至减少进口而征收的税款，显然对海关收入的破坏与对贸易自由的破坏一样大。

Humanity may in this case require that the freedom of trade should be restored only by slow gradations, and with a good deal of reserve and circumspection.

在这种情况下，人类可能要求贸易自由只能通过缓慢的渐变来恢复，并且要有很大的保留和谨慎。

The silk, perhaps, is the manufacture which would suffer the most by this freedom of trade, and after it the linen, though the latter much less than the former.

丝绸可能是受这种贸易自由影响最大的制造业，其次是亚麻，尽管后者比前者小得多。

It is, indeed, arguable that in the special circumstances of mid-nineteenth-century Great Britain an almost complete freedom of trade was the policy most conducive to the development of a favourable balance.

事实上，在 19 世纪中叶英国的特殊情况下，几乎完全的贸易自由是最有利于形成顺差的政策，这一点确实值得商榷。

They did not, perhaps, take time to consider how much less their interest could be affected by the freedom of trade, than that of the people whose example they followed.

也许他们没有花时间考虑贸易自由对他们的利益的影响比他们效仿的那些人的利益要小多少。

To expect, indeed, that the freedom of trade should ever be entirely restored in Great Britain, is as absurd as to expect that an Oceana or Utopia should ever be established in it.

的确，期望贸易自由永远在英国完全恢复，就如同期望大洋洲或乌托邦永远在英国建立一样荒谬。

By a union with Great Britain, Ireland would gain, besides the freedom of trade, other advantages much more important, and which would much more than compensate any increase of taxes that might accompany that union.

通过与英国结盟，除了贸易自由之外，爱尔兰还将获得其他更重要的优势，这将远远超过补偿可能伴随该联盟的任何税收增加。

This second limitation of the freedom of trade, according to some people, should, upon most occasions, be extended much farther than to the precise foreign commodities which could come into competition with those which had been taxed at home.

一些人认为，在大多数情况下，对贸易自由的第二个限制应该扩大到比可能与在国内征税的商品竞争的确切外国商品更远的范围。

By diminishing the number of sellers, therefore, we necessarily diminish that of buyers, and are thus likely not only to buy foreign goods dearer, but to sell our own cheaper, than if there was a more perfect freedom of trade.

因此，通过减少卖家的数量，我们必然会减少买家的数量，因此可能不仅会以更高的价格购买外国商品，而且会比贸易自由度更高的情况下更便宜地出售我们自己的商品。