Such tissues contain plenty of functioning ameloblasts.

这些组织含有大量的功能性成釉细胞。

That did the trick, with the engineered ameloblasts turning out the same proteins as the natural sort.

这招奏效了，经过改造的成釉细胞产生了与天然成釉细胞相同的蛋白质。

One question is just how durable the enamel made by stem-cell-derived ameloblasts proves to be.

还存在一个问题，由干细胞衍生成釉细胞制成的牙釉质究竟有多耐用。

Odontoblasts use a more complex process, but unlike ameloblasts, they stick around, continuing to secrete dentin throughout your life.

成牙本质细胞则需要更复杂的过程，但与成釉细胞不同，它们不会消失，会在我们有生之年继续分泌牙本质。

As they form teeth, odontoblasts move inward, while ameloblasts move out and slough off when they hit the surface.

在形成牙齿时，成牙本质细胞向牙内部扩散，成釉细胞则向牙的外部生长，并在抵达牙齿表面时脱落。

This amazing structure is created by two types of cells: ameloblasts that secrete enamel and odontoblasts that secrete dentin.

分泌牙釉的成釉细胞以及分泌牙本质的成牙本质细胞。

The team devised a cocktail of drugs designed to activate the genes that they knew were expressed in functioning ameloblasts.

该团队设计了一种混合药物，旨在激活他们已知的在功能成釉细胞中表达的基因。

That is tricky, because enamel-making cells, known as ameloblasts, disappear soon after a person's adult teeth have finished growing.

这是一个棘手的问题，因为牙釉质生成细胞，即成釉细胞，在人的成年牙齿生长完成后很快就会消失。

But the cells on top of those bumps transform too, into ameloblasts, the cells that build enamel, the hard outside layer of your teeth.

但是这些细胞除了在碰撞还在完成蜕变，它们转变成的成釉细胞构建了釉质，釉质是你牙齿最坚硬的外层。

Having both cell types seemed to be crucial: when odontoblasts were present alongside ameloblasts, genes coding for enamel proteins were more strongly expressed than with ameloblasts alone.

拥有这两种细胞类型似乎是至关重要的: 当成牙釉质细胞和成釉细胞同时存在时，编码牙釉质蛋白的基因比单独存在成釉细胞时表达得更强烈。

Armed with that information, Dr Ruohola-Baker and her colleagues next checked to see whether the stem cells could be persuaded to transform into ameloblasts.

以这些信息为依据，Ruohola-Baker博士和她的同事接下来检查了干细胞是否可以转化为颈关节。