| 单词 | sporangium |
| 例句 | The mature sporophyte produces sporangia, completing the cycle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The term “sporangia” literally means “spore in a vessel,” as it is a reproductive sac that contains spores. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z These pollen gene controllers are active in maidenhair’s sporangia, the tissue where spores develop. Genes for seeds arose early in plant evolution, ferns reveal 2022-09-22T04:00:00Z This zygote grows into a sporophyte, capped by a sporangium. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Then something magical happens: The fungus stops eating and rearranges itself into a giant stalk with a ball of cells — a sporangium — on top. What a Fungus Reveals About the Space Program 2021-09-21T04:00:00Z Stalks with bulb-shaped sporangia at the top grow up from the mass. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The spores are later released by the sporangia and disperse in the environment. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The gold was gone; now bunches of grapelike sporangia glittered. The Unexpected Beauty of ‘Dog Vomit’ and Other Slime Molds 2020-06-16T04:00:00Z The blackberry-like clusters set in the reproductive tiara are sporangia containing many spores, each with a ridged annulus like the bristles on a Roman helmet. Wonderful Things: A Transparent Plant 2018-03-25T04:00:00Z The sporangium is launched with a force equivalent to 20,000 times the force of gravity, toward a nearby patch of grass, where another horse or cow is likely to graze. What a Fungus Reveals About the Space Program 2021-09-21T04:00:00Z Spores are released when the sporangia burst open, completing the cycle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The sporangium, the multicellular sexual reproductive structure, is present in bryophytes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When mature, they grow a spherical sporangium embedded in their host’s skin that emits its own swimming spores when ripe. Frog-Killing Fungus Meets Its Match in Hidden World of Tiny Predators 2014-04-28T21:24:46Z However a terminal sporangium could only be produced by a full-grown plant. Plant Paleoart Through the Ages 2012-11-23T21:45:05.437Z Once eaten, the sporangium passes through the animal’s digestive system and is excreted back out in a rich pile of dung, whereupon the cycle of consumption and escape starts anew. What a Fungus Reveals About the Space Program 2021-09-21T04:00:00Z Four major adaptations are found in all terrestrial plants: the alternation of generations, a sporangium in which the spores are formed, a gametangium that produces haploid cells, and apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Pinecones, mature fronds of ferns, and flowers are all sporophylls—leaves that were modified structurally to bear sporangia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z One of the most classic shapes looks a bit like a Roman helmet complete with an “annulus” or crest that functions both to rupture the sporangium and disperse the spores. Ferns, Secret Ninja Ferns, and their Alluring Asexual Bits 2012-05-07T11:15:00.827Z Indusium convex, fixed by a broad base partly under the sorus, commonly reflexed as the sporangia ripen. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z B, C, Sporophylls bearing sporangia, which in C have opened. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 6 "Home, Daniel" to "Hortensius, Quintus" 2012-03-15T02:00:32.250Z Imprints of Cooksonia show slender branching stems ending in what appear to be sporangia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Small yellow knobs form at the tip of the branch stem and contain the sporangia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When the sporangium is ripe, it breaks, and the crest pulls back on the rupture, releasing the spores. Ferns, Secret Ninja Ferns, and their Alluring Asexual Bits 2012-05-07T11:15:00.827Z Prothallus underground, not green, monœcious.—A small order, separated from Ferns on account of the different nature of the sporangia, the erect vernation, etc. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Thallus septate; spores developed in special type of sporangium, the ascus, the number of spores being usually eight. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The moss sporangium is a complex structure that allows release of spores away from the parent plant. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Eusporangiate Ferns, those in which the sporangium is a massive organ arising from several cells, whereas in leptosporangiate ferns it is a more delicate structure derived from a single superficial cell. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 3: Estremoz to Felspar 2011-04-14T02:00:59.373Z When you look at the back of a fern, you might think you are looking at a pile of spores Fern sori, a collection of microscopic but structurally complex sporangia. Ferns, Secret Ninja Ferns, and their Alluring Asexual Bits 2012-05-07T11:15:00.827Z Sori short, of few rather large sporangia, placed near the tips of the veins; under surface of the frond usually either chaffy, woolly, or powdery. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z Klebs has concluded that transpiration is the important factor in determining the formation of sporangia, while zygote-development depends on totally different conditions; these results have been called in question by Falck. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z One hypha has a round sporangium, about 35 microns in diameter, at the tip. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The peridium blends with the hypothallus below when such structure is recognizable, either directly, when the sporangium is sessile, or by the intervention of a stipe. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species These cysts are respectively known as sporangia, and asci or thecæ. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Fertile fronds erect, rigid, with contracted pod-like or berry-like divisions at first completely concealing the sporangia, and at last, when dry and indurated, cracking open and allowing the spores to escape. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z K, Germination of the zoospores formed in the sporangia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The sporangium is dark blue at the neck, and grainy white–blue elsewhere. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Each sporangium is at maturity filled with numerous unicellular spores. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The larger and more highly-developed order, Mucorini, differs in the threads, which are simple or branched, being free, erect, and bearing the sporangia at the tips of the thread, or branches. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Terrestrial; stems slender; leaves small; sporangia minute and axillary. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z As mentioned before, the connexion between these two groups is very doubtful, and the derivation of the ascus from an ordinary sporangium of the Zygomycetes cannot be accepted. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Figure 4. This bright field light micrograph shows the release of spores from a sporangium at the end of a hypha called a sporangiophore. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In many cases, the capillitium contributes materially to the dispersal of the spores; in others, it doubtless contributes mechanically to the support of the peridial wall, and renders so far persistent the delicate sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The method of diffusion agrees much with that of the Mucedines, the walls of the sporangia being usually so thin and delicate as to be easily ruptured. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Aquatic or growing in mud; stems corm-like: leaves elongated and rush-like; sporangia very large, enwrapped by the dilated bases of the leaves. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z At the time of sporangial formation the protoplasm with numerous nuclei streams into the swollen end of the sporangiophore and there becomes cut off by a cell-wall to form the sporangium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z After fertilization, the zygote matures and grows into a sporophyte, which in turn will form sporangia or “spore vessels.” Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Are these minute reproductive bodies spores?—their behavior on germination is unique; are they sporangia?—the arrested development they exhibit is none the less puzzling. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In a few moments the sporangium is empty and the spores disappear from the field of the microscope. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The two kinds of spores in the same or different sporangia which are borne in a coriaceous peduncled sporocarp arising from a slender creeping rhizome. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z In these three genera the conidia are cast off with a jerk somewhat in the same way as the sporangium of Pilobolus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z In the sporangia, mother cells undergo meiosis and produce the haploid spores. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This unique form is near the fuligos which it resembles, especially when sessile, in its intricate sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Their number in a sporangium are from six to sixteen in P. infestans, and from six to fourteen in P. umbelliferarum. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Sori on the upper part of the veins, distinct, or mostly forming a confluent submarginal band of sporangia. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z According to his view, the ascus is in effect the sporangium with several spores, the conidium the sporangiole with but one spore, and that not loose but fused with the sporangiole wall. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The life cycle of the brown algae, Laminaria, begins when sporangia undergo meiosis, producing 1n zoospores. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Chiefly on moss, the pale ashen sporangia generally very small, mounted on the tips of the leaves, sometimes sessile, sometimes with a distinct black stipe in which case the peridium is distinctly umbilicate. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species These secondary and tertiary productions have equally the character of sporangia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Sporangia borne in a double row on narrow fertile segments, each sporangium seated on a separate veinlet, and provided with a special scale-like indusium. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z This mode of spore-formation is totally different from that in the ascus; hence one of the difficulties of the acceptance of Brefeld’s view of the homology of ascus and sporangium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z They may be released from the parent thallus either outside or within a special reproductive sac called a sporangium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This interesting little species occurs on the lower surface of fallen logs, blocks, etc., in colonies of considerable extent, hundreds of sporangia in a place. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In these the rough tuberculate epispore splits on one side, and its internal coat elongates itself and protrudes as a tube filled with protoplasm and oil globules, terminating in an ordinary sporangium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Fertile pinnæ or fronds very much contracted, bearing the abundant and large sporangia upon the margins of the very narrow segments. The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi and North of North Carolina and Tennessee 2012-04-12T02:00:30.140Z The sporangium with its endogenous spores has been compared with an ascus, and on these grounds the group is placed among the Ascomycetes—a very doubtful association. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The term “sporangia” literally means “spore in a vessel,” as it is a reproductive sac that contains spores Figure 2. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This is a beautiful species, easily known by its discoidal or almost annulate sporangia mounted upon short dark black stipes. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This mould, or rather Mucor, consists of erect branching threads, many of the branches terminating in a delicate globose, glassy head, or sporangium, containing numerous very minute subglobose sporidia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The development of the plasmodium ceases with the formation of the spores within their sporangia. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio In the formation of sporangia two cells fuse together by means of outgrowths, in a manner very similar to that of Spirogyra; sometimes, however, the wall between two cells merely breaks down. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The cycle starts with the release of haploid spores from the sporangium that developed on the sporophyte. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The stipe in western collections is sometimes very short, but generally suffices to raise the sporangium, a little at least, above the substratum. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Mr. Berkeley succeeded in developing up to a certain point the fungus of the Madura Foot, but though perfect sporangia were produced, the further development was masked by the outgrowth of other species. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The formation of the sporangia out of the plasmodium appears under three general forms, which, however, pass into each other and are, therefore, not strictly limited. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The fused cell becomes a sporangium, and in it eight spores are developed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Microphylls may have originated from the flattening of lateral branches, or from sporangia that lost their reproductive capabilities. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Where the substratum affords room the plasmodiocarpous style prevails; in narrower limits single sporangia stand. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The plants here included may be described under three parts, the mycelium, the peridium, and the sporangia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses First: An entire plasmodium spread out on its substratum becomes transformed into a sporangium, or it divides into a variable number of unequal and irregular pieces, each of which undergoes transformation. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Ascomycetes.—This, except in the case of a few of the simpler forms, is a very sharply marked group characterized by a special type of sporangium, the ascus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Pine cones, mature fronds of ferns, and flowers are all sporophylls—leaves that were modified structurally to bear sporangia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The plasmodium may form rings several inches in diameter, scattered here and there over a surface several square feet in extent, in fruit ascending the blades of grass, completely covering these with the crowded sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Certain peculiarities in the form of the sporangium, and the little long cylindrical spores, which, when examined separately, are quite flat and colourless, are characteristic of the species. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Such a sporangium lying flat on the substratum, more or less elongated and flexuous, often branched and reticulate, is termed a plasmodiocarp. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia are quite small and numerous, not attached by a funiculus to the peridium, enveloped in mucus. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Photosynthesis takes place in their green stems, and small yellow knobs form at the tip of the branch stem and contain the sporangia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Most gatherings of this species have small, somewhat ochraceous, sporangia, and pale yellow, or somewhat rusty, stipes. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species If the latter be sown in a suitable medium, for example, in a solution of sugar, they swell, and shoot forth germinating utricles, which quickly grow to mycelia, which bear sporangia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses These sporangia are nearly always perfectly regular in shape; they may be globose, obovoid, somewhat depressed, or more or less elongated, and are either stipitate or sessile. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia are subrotund or discoidal in form, dark brown, smooth, shining. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Upon maturation, the plasmodium takes on a net-like appearance with the ability to form fruiting bodies, or sporangia, during times of stress. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A form collected sparingly in Iowa has short, white stipes and blue gray sporangia one-third larger than observed in the eastern types. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species On the other hand, propagation organs, differing from those of the sporangia and their products, belong to Mucor mucedo, which may be termed conidia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The species of this order are the simplest of the Myxomycetes; the sporangium, with a firm, persistent wall contains only the spores. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangium has an inner membranaceous peridium; the whole is round, brown, whitish. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Haploid spores are produced by meiosis within the sporangia, and spores can be disseminated through the air or water to potentially land in more favorable environments. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Under direct illumination many gatherings, especially where the sporangia are well blown out, show nodules of a bright orange tint. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species They here germinate and produce a mycelium which exactly resembles that of the Mucor mucedo, and, above all, they produce in profusion the typical sporangia of the same on its bearers. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Growing on old wood, mosses, etc. �thalium circular or irregular in shape, from one to several centimeters in extent, the individual sporangia 2–4 mm. in height. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia are plane, attached by a cord, springing from a small nipple-like tubercle. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The sporangium—the multicellular sexual reproductive structure—is present in bryophytes and absent in the majority of algae. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The dark red granules of the sporangium walls are abundant and appear to form a continuous crust. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In some species of Erysiphei the conceptacle encloses but a single sporangium, in others several, which are attached together at the base. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Growing on old wood. �thalium in irregular patches sometimes several centimeters in extent, the single sporangia about 1 mm. in height. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia is very similar to that of S. fusca, cylindrical, peridium fugacious, exposing the reticulate capillitium, but instead of being dark-brown it is a yellowish or rusty-brown color. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The sporophytes differentiate specialized reproductive structures called sporangia, which are dedicated to the production of spores. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The striking contrast of color between sporangia and stipes renders this species at sight, quite distinct from any related form. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In some species the sporangia contain two, in others four, in others eight, and in others numerous sporidia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Plasmodium dark olivaceous, the sporangia blackish if dried when immature, taking a paler shade of olivaceous, according to development and maturity. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The long-stalked sporangia bristle in all directions from the cap. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. J, K, sporangia of two common slime moulds. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The sporangia are also broader in the present species, reaching 1 mm. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia or cases which contained the microscopic spores or seeds were arranged around a central axis in a somewhat similar manner to that in which maize is found. The Story of a Piece of Coal What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes Walls of the sporangia consisting of a thin membrane, with abundant fibrous thickenings, presenting broad expansions, narrowing to thin flat bands, and reduced in many places to slender fibrous threads. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio On the leaves of this generation arise the sporangia which contain the spores. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 They fasten themselves at intervals to the substratum, and send up from these points clusters of short filaments, each one tipped with a spore case, or “sporangium.” Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses It appears in late winter in undisturbed grass tufts and the sporangia are scattered over the lower leaves. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Fruit in a club-shaped, brown or cinnamon-colored spike loaded with sporangia; fruit in early spring. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Walls of the sporangia firm and quite persistent, pale umber, slowly disintegrating, consisting for the most part of wide expansions, with their angles tapering to narrow bands and slender threads. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The spores are formed in a manner very similar to those of the mosses, and are set free by rupture of the sporangium. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 F, a second sporangium forming below the empty one. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses A large handsome species recognizable by the peculiar turbinate sporangium, with its iridescent peridial wall in which green strongly predominates above, bronze below. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sori on the edge of a pinnule terminating a vein; sporangia at the base of a long, bristle-like receptacle surrounded by a cup-shaped indusium. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Walls of the sporangia umber or rusty-brown next the base, with broad expansions in places thickly grown together, toward the surface passing into narrow bands and abundant fibrous threads, which rapidly disintegrate. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio This is precisely analogous to the case of gymnosperms, lycopods, etc., where on leaf structures are formed macro and micro sporangia. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 F, a single spore-bearing leaflet, showing the edge folded over to cover the sporangia, × 1. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses From this species it is at once distinguished by its much longer sporangia, larger and rougher spores. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Corresponding with these five families, the sporangia or spore cases of ferns have five quite distinct forms on which the families are founded. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada The walls of the sporangia are much more reduced to the shreddy fibrous condition than in the preceding species, and on this account they much more rapidly disintegrate, causing the �thalium soon to collapse. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The fronds are very delicate and often translucent, and the sporangia are borne on threadlike receptacles rising from the middle of cup-shaped marginal involucres. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section T, U, V, and W Fig. 69.—A, mother cell of the sporangium of the maiden-hair fern, × 300. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses In the first place, the sporangia are different in form and habit. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The word Cryptográmma means in Greek a hidden line, alluding to the line of sporangia hidden beneath the reflexed margin. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada The sporangia are typically hexangular when the lateral faces disappear, leaving at the edges six simple triangular threads, extending from the angles of the hexagonal apex downward to the base. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio It is not rare, however, to see the individual sporangia perfectly isolated and disembarrassed of their filament of mycelium floating in the water. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 B, young sporangium, surface view, × 150: i, from the side; ii, from above. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Easily recognizable at sight by its large, globose, almost sessile and yet distinctly stalked sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Fertile fronds taller than the sterile, having from one to five pairs of intermediate pinnæ contracted and bearing sporangia. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Sporangia .6-.8 mm. in diameter, the stipe always much shorter than the sporangium, sometimes nearly obsolete. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio It seems to me very probable that these isolated sporangia are identical with the hyaline coagula so accurately described by Frerichs, who has observed them in the blood of patients dying of intermittent fevers. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 F, nearly ripe sporangium, × 50: i, from in front; ii, from the side. an. ring. st. point of opening. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Distinguished among the small delicate species with which it will be naturally associated, by the yellow, richly calcareous wall of the globose sporangium and the almost limeless capillitium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Fertile pinnæ on separate fronds, which are contracted and covered with brown sporangia. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Sporangium .5-.7 mm. in diameter, the stipe two or three times the diameter of the sporangium in length. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia were very red and beautiful, but they showed no double cell wall. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 In the upper cell several walls next arise, forming a short stalk, composed of three rows of cells, and an upper nearly spherical cell—the sporangium proper. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The stipe is usually white above, fuscous below, at the apex almost evanescent; hence the cernuous sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In Ophioglóssum the leaf or sterile segment is entire, the veins reticulated and the sporangia in a simple spike. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Recognized by the large sporangium and the very small nodules with their few radiating threads. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio With a linear magnitude of 480, the sporangia have a transverse diameter of one to five millimeters, or a little more in the larger specimens. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 On opening, the cavities of the adjacent sporangia are thrown together. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Brought in from the field and maturing under a bell-jar, the color changes to a watery white just before the sporangia rise in fruit. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stem simple, two to ten inches high, bearing one smooth, entire leaf about midway, and a terminal spike embracing the sporangia, coherent in two ranks on its edges. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada The sporangium .3-.4 mm. in diameter, the stipe three to five times as long. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia are never spherical, but always flat. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 This wall pushes up into the young sporangium, forming a structure called the “columella.” Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The sporangia are of the most minute, about .2–.3 mm. in diameter, globose, slightly umbilicate below, the stipe usually white at top, but sometimes black throughout. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Open sporangia close again and are flattened or of a lenticular form. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Readily distinguished by its very small sporangium and the comparatively very long stem. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio In all spores were found and some sporangia, but they were not the genuine plants as far as I could judge. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 When fully grown, the sporangium is globular, and appears quite opaque, owing to the numerous granules in the protoplasm filling the space between the columella and its outer wall. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses In fact, there is a yellow tinge about the sporangia of every species listed here, except the first. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Indusium divided nearly in the center into slender hairs which are curled over the sporangia. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Stipe not very long, tapering upward, curved at the apex, of the same color as the sporangium or darker below. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio I saw you take the sputa of a ague patient and demonstrate the spores and sporangia of the Gemiasma verdans. 3d. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 In the early stages of its growth the plant multiplies by zoöspores, produced in great numbers in sporangia at the ends of the branches. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The latter is usually very short, almost completely concealed in the concavity of the umbilicate sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Indusium hidden beneath the sporangia, consisting mostly of a few hair-like divisions. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada X .25-.30 mm, the stipe two to four times as long as the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The full developed plant is termed sporangia, and seeds are called spores. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 C–E, successive stages in the development of the sporangium seen in optical section, × 150. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses This species is well differentiated, easy of recognition by reason of its peculiar discoid sporangium, calcareous above, naked and black beneath. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Indusium fixed under the sporangia, appearing like a tiny green cup filled with spore cases. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Sporangium depressed-globose, umbilicate at the apex, stipitate, cernuous, purplish-brown in color; the calyculus granulose within, occupying from one-fourth to one-third of the sporangium, the ribs united by firm, persistent fibers. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Many minute algæ, but two sporangia of a pale pink color; another variety of color of gemiasma. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 In Ophioglossum the sterile division of the leaf is usually smooth and undivided, and the spore-bearing division forms a sort of spike, and the sporangia are much less distinct. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Recognized by its rather large, white, depressed or flattened sporangia tending to form reticulations, and hence suggesting the name. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Fertile frond one to three pinnate, the contracted divisions bearing a double row of sessile, naked, globular sporangia, opening transversely into two valves. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada The order is distinguished by the sessile sporangia, with thick brown walls, and the very slender threads of the capillitium, with irregular and indefinite markings. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Also some colorless sporangia, and spores abundantly present. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 The sporangia in both differ essentially from those of the true ferns in not being derived from a single epidermal cell, but are developed in part from the ground tissue of the leaf. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The sporangia, found on rotten wood, are large, 1 mm., brown, and have thick, persistent walls. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Mature sporangia varying from dark yellow-brown to almost black. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Capillitium arising from the lower portion of the sporangium, forming a complicated network, the threads 3–5 mic. in thickness, the surface closely covered with minute warts. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Results: In every one of the five instances collected the automobile spores, and the sporangia of the gemiasmas and the protuberans on both sides of slides and beaker. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 J, the same, with the incurved edges of the leaflet partially raised so as to show the masses of sporangia beneath, × 2. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The plasmodium pale yellow, some part of it not infrequently remains as a venulose hypothallus connecting such sporangia as are near together. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Indusium cup-shaped, fixed beneath the sorus, supported by the tooth of a leaf; sporangia borne in an elevated, globular receptacle open at the top. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Sporangia .5-.6 mm. in diameter, the stipe shorter than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio It is an obvious example of systematic atavism, occurring suddenly and with the full development of all the qualities needed for the normal production of sporangia and spores. Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation Of the true ferns there are a number of families distinguished mainly by the position of the sporangia, as well as by some differences in their structure. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses In Amaurochaete the individuality of anything like separate sporangia is less clear. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The indusium is formed of the altered margin of the pinnule, at first reflexed to the midrib, giving it a pod-like appearance, but at length opening out flat and exposing the sporangia. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada Stipe long, ascending, brownish in color, usually several fasciculate or to some extent connate, the sporangia divergent at the apex. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Portion of a section, showing the large sporangia in their natural position, and each supported by its bract or scale. c. The Student's Elements of Geology The outer walls of the sporangium now become hard, and the whole falls off as a seed. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses But until fructification is quite mature, the presence of the collaborating sporangia below is indicated, suggested, by the papillose upper surface. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Pinnæ triangular-ovate, usually distant, the ends of the rounded lobes reflexed and forming separate involucres which are pushed back by the ripening sporangia. The Fern Lover's Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada The sporangia densely crowded, becoming scattered toward the margin of the cluster. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio On the other hand the sporangia of these plants were usually borne on special fertile fronds, a mark of rather high differentiation. Darwin and Modern Science After the archegonia are fertilized the outer parts of the ovule become hard and brown, and serve to protect the embryo plant, which reaches a considerable size before the sporangium falls off. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses They rise, at least in many cases, directly from the hypothallus, each is central to an individual sporangium, rises to about two-thirds its height, but never attains the summit. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This species is recognizable at once by its regular, uniform, depressed, annulate or pitted sporangia, scattered evenly over the habitat of rotten leaves or wood. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Capillitium of slender tubules, arising from the base of the sporangium; the surface traversed by a system of branching veins.3. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio He showed that "the embryo-sac of the Coniferae may be looked upon as a spore remaining enclosed in its sporangium; the prothallium which it forms does not come to the light." Darwin and Modern Science The development of the sporangia is on the whole much like that of the club mosses, and will not be examined here in detail. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses It is a stemonitis whose sporangia have never been perfectly differentiated, a case of arrested development. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Distinguished from everything else by the color and small size of the heaped sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangium with the stipe 2–3 mm. in height, the stipe usually much longer than the sporangium; the capillitium expands considerably after the disappearance of the upper part of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A form from New York, with long, white stems and almost pure white sporangia, is P. albicans Peck. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Readily recognizable by the elongate sporangia and the lengthened columella unique among physarums. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia occur in close-set tufts or clusters, are distinct, separate at their tips and bases only; perhaps not always at base. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Exceptionally the lime granules of the sporangium wall are sparse or absent entirely, in which case the wall has a silvery or coppery metallic lustre. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The stipes very short, often entirely concealed by the dense mass of sporangia, arising from a common hypothallus. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Easily recognized by its almost sessile, rose purple, generally umbilicate sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia in the same cluster are stipitate and sessile, ovoid and spherical. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The habitat approaches that of Amaurochaete, but the sporangia are distinct. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Besides, the sporangia are uniformly much smaller, and show constantly the strongly calcified centre, much transcending anything seen in P. notabile. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The fascicle 3–4 mm. in height, the individual sporangia .5-.6 mm. in diameter. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The walls of the sporangia when fully matured generally break into several petal-like segments which finally become reflexed. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The nodding, lenticular, umbilicate sporangium, barely attached to the apiculate stipe, is sufficient to distinguish this elegant little species, recognized and quite aptly characterized by mycologists for more than one hundred years. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species All the sporangia examined are, however, plainly stemonitis in type, possessing the characteristic superficial net. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Key to the Species of Craterium A. Dehiscence circumscissile or by the breaking up of the upper wall of the sporangium. a. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The genus Trichia is unique among the Myxomycetes in having its capillitium composed of tubules, which are entirely free from the wall of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio But again, from the same plasmodium, we may have globose sporangia, opening so as to leave only a shallow, salver-shaped base. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In this species yellow sporangia are sometimes seen. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The long, slender, simple columella is not only lateral, but occupies indeed the sharp vertical angle of the triangular, prismatic sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The form of the sporangium in the only species is very variable, but in typical cases is vasiform, the peridial wall at the apex introverted. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In two or three species the branching appears to be quite regular and not abnormal; still, even in these species, most of the elaters in the sporangia are not branched. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Not the least remarkable feature of this remarkable species is the variation in the form of the fruit or sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Recognizable at sight by the form and color of the sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Furthermore, the sporangium is at maturity strangely twisted, so that the columella in its ascent accomplishes one or more spiral turns. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sometimes also this upper extension of the hypothalline protoplasm passes beyond or behind the base of the sporangium or between two or more, and is more or less embraced by these in their confluent flexures. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangia with the stipe 2–4 mm. in height, the sporangium .6-.8 mm. in diameter, the stipe usually longer than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The genus is among Myxomycetes instantly recognized by the peculiar form of its calcareous deposits, stellate crystals coating, or merely frosting, usually distinct sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The hypothallus is sometimes noticeable under some of the sporangia where closely crowded, but is not a constant feature. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Very closely related to the preceding, but recognizable by its proportionately much more slender, taller, acuminate sporangia, paler, and denser capillitium and the remarkably close-meshed net. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The columella in the sporangia with largest and roughest spores is that of a perfectly normal D. squamulosum. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangium with the stipe 2–4 mm. in height, sporangium .6-.8 mm. in diameter, the stipe usually longer than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A well-marked and common species, distinguished by its depressed sporangium and dark-colored, opaque stipe. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species By these rounded forms we pass easily, as by a gate, to D. hemisphericum, which, when wholly sessile, differs still in greater diameter of the sporangia and in having somewhat larger spores. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The low tufts of brown sporangia with short black stipes, borne often as Dr. Peck found them, assembled on living leaves, distinguish this little species. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species A very distinct species; large, fine, showy sporangia in more or less crowded clusters spring from a snow-white, common hypothallus. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangium .5-.8 mm. in diameter, the stipe equal in height to the diameter of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A very well marked species, easily recognized, at least when stipitate, by its remarkable discoid or lenticular sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Easily recognized by the short-stiped, ashen sporangia which before dehiscence indicate by delicate tracings the lines which subsequent cleavage is to follow. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia are often widened above, and fairly truncate; the total height about 6 mm. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species A very beautiful species, recognizable at sight; when unopened, by the peculiar chocolate brown, the sporangia smaller than in D. radiatum. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This Trichia is conspicuous by the checkering or areolation of the upper surface in the mature sporangia, affording a sharp contrast between the brown patches and the yellow bands. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio In the present form the net is the thing, common to all sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species It is intermediate to Amaurochaete and Stemonitis, and withal, as it appears to us, a little nearer the latter, as the limits of the individual sporangia are in Brefeldia pretty well defined. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This species, when typical, is easily recognized by its almost globose sporangia mounted on long slender stocks. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In the centre of the fructification, next the hypothallus, the sporangia are very imperfectly differentiated. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Extremely variable as to the form of the sporangium, but readily recognized by its elaters. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia are so crowded that many are choked off below, never reach the top of the �thalium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Many are so arranged that the plexus with its vesicles occupies a place in the plane separating adjacent sporangia, suggesting the possibility that we have here to do with an imperfectly developed surface-net and peridium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In this discussion we have assumed as typical the globose sporangium, with the variations in the direction of ovate, obovate, ellipsoidal, etc., the capillitium flexuous and more richly anastomosing near the columella. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The cysts, then, belong morphologically to the peridium or sporangium wall. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia spherical or reniform and very small. b. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio At intervals, therefore, over the entire sporangium are seen these small brown disks, each about equalling in diameter the size of the average mesh. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia are quite small, only 3 mm. high, when blown out concolorous with the habitat. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species It occurs everywhere on decaying wood, sometimes in remarkable quantity, thousands of sporangia at a time. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The stipe is very short, and the columella runs as a straight, gradually diminishing axis to the very apex of the sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Of course, the abnormality is exhibited most markedly by the elaters; nevertheless, the sporangia of some of the species have a peculiar habit of heaping themselves upon each other. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia attain with us unusual height, sometimes 2 cm.; plasmodia, 6–8 cm., in diameter. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia are densely crowded, though by the nature of habitat somewhat tufted. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Every sporangium is borne upon a calcareous pedicel, very short indeed, but real. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The shape of the individual sporangium is quite uniformly clavate or obovate, decidedly truncate above. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Note.—Each figure exhibits the sporangium as it appears magnified about 100 diameters, and the capillitium and spores magnified about 500 diameters. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia occur in tufts about 1 or 2 cm. wide, springing generally from crevices in the bark of decaying logs, especially willow and elm, in swampy places. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia are remarkable for their great length. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Enerthenema B. Columella scarce reaching the centre of the sporangium. a. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia vary in form and in the branching of the columella. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe tapering upward and continued within the sporangium as a more or less elongated columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio These are 2 or 3 mm. high and generally persist, as Persoon noticed, a long time after the sporangium has fallen. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia are at first black; after spore disposal pale ferruginous. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangia stipitate, the stipe extended as a columella, which entirely traverses the sporangium and forms at the apex an expanded disk; from this depends the capillitium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe and columella erect, brown and smooth, rising from a thin pallid hypothallus, tapering upward and vanishing into the capillitium toward the apex of the sporangium, the stipe usually longer than the columella. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Capillitium of slender brown threads, arising from numerous points of the columella, repeatedly branching and usually anastomosing to form a network, persistent and rigidly preserving the outline of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The globose brilliantly iridescent sporangia are lifted above the substratum on snow-white columnar stalks; these are again joined one to another by the pure white vein-like cords of the reticulate hypothallus. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Closely resembling the preceding, but differing in the globose sporangia, it may be instantly recognized under the lenses by its coarsely papillate spores. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia are very small, but beautiful, delicate little structures, found on the bark of living red oak in this country; in Norway it seems to have been seen first on a dead polyporus. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This species in outward appearance resembles L. physaroides, from which it is easily distinguished by the much greater diameter of the globose sporangium, 1 mm. or more. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This order is readily distinguished by the brown persistent capillitium, arising from a lengthened columella, and rigidly maintaining the form of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Minute but perfectly regular, almost uniform, corneous-looking sporangia are thickly strewn over the inner surface of decaying bark. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Among various gatherings studied he found a black variety, a melanistic phase, so to say, and was able to follow the evolution of the sporangia from the yellow plasmodium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The very minute sporangia, 3 mm., of this species cause it to be overlooked generally by collectors. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species B. Spores umber; sporangia in a single series 2. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The columella scarcely reaching the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio In the more complex phase the sporangia are heaped together in a pulvinate mass in which the peridia appear as boundaries of minute cells. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In this case the outermost sporangia are often consolidated to form a cortex more or less dense and shining. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species It is distinct in that the sporangia, while often in single series, are yet often superimposed. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species It represents a phase in development whence might issue columell� with capillitium-branches or distinct tubular sporangia with persisting walls; or are such structures here but reminiscent only? The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The columella extending beyond the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe short, not more than double the sporangium; net and calyculus both well developed 9. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species While on the one hand it possesses many characters such as the habit, form of sporangium, which are distinctly tubuline, on the other it shows in the upper peridial wall definite reticulations which suggest Cribraria. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In its simpler phases it presents but a single layer of sporangia generally closely crowded together, sometimes free and even short stipitate! The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The small-meshed net with well-defined, dark-colored nodules is distinctive, aside from the fact of the much smaller sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe elongated, tapering upward, entering the sporangium as a very short or nearly obsolete columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A very singular species, easily recognizable by its long, slender stipes, terminating in exceedingly small spherical sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Related to the preceding and in specimens having globular sporangia closely resembling it; but the ground color in C. languescens is always darker, and the stipe proportionally much longer. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This differs from number 1 chiefly in the cushion-like receptacle on which the crowded sporangia are borne, and in the smaller spores. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In habit the sporangia are widely scattered, much more than is common in the species of this genus. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species It is possibly more common than it appears, as by reason of the difficulty of seeing the minute sporangium it is passed by as some mold. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The ribs or cost� of the spore-case radiate from the top of the stipe and unite again at the top of the sporangium in a feeble, irregular net. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The stipe in length ranges from three to ten times the diameter of the sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Fructification �thalioid; the confluent sporangia inextricably interwoven, the walls perforate by large openings, the resultant network of broad plates and bands widening at the points of intersection. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The stipes are three or four times the diameter of the sporangium, brown below, white above, and twisted to allow the sporangium to hang inverted. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe more or less elongated, smooth, brown or black in color, arising from a hypothallus, tapering upward and entering the sporangium as a short columella scarcely reaching the center. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Capillitium arising out of the thickened base, the threads hyaline or pinkish, ascending, flexuous, simple, or branched a time or two, the extremities attached on all sides to the wall of the sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia, while depressed, still maintain considerable rotundity; they are occasionally quite spherical, and then of very uneven size, hardly in contact. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Easily distinguished from the preceding, its only rival in size, by the obovate or turbinate, netted sporangium, its much longer stem, and flat, perfectly formed nodes. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In such situations the tiny sporangia are so nearly quite the color of the moist substratum as to escape all but the closest scrutiny. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Lamproderma is distinguished by the shining metallic tints of the sporangial wall, and by the short columella scarcely reaching half the height of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio In P. corticalis the line of cleavage before spore dispersal is indicated by a definite band surrounding the sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Outwardly the open sporangium, by the projecting free tips, reminds one of a trichia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This widely distributed and very variable species is generally recognized by the large sporangia, .5–.9 mm., comparatively short stipe, simple net, and more or less orange color. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangia sub-globose, crowded or superimposed, irregular sessile; hypothallus none; capillitium of slender tubules, arising from the sporangium base, branched, marked with branching veins in an irregular reticulation, and terminating in free extremities. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe long, slender, brown or blackish, arising from a small circular hypothallus; columella clavate, obtuse, not reaching the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio More commonly the unopened sporangia are opaque brown, by reason of a dense outer wall, and more frequently simple, or if compound, show but two or three united. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Some clusters show twenty or more stipitate, globose sporangia, conjoined by their distinct but coherent stems. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The color is an uncertain thing even in the sporangia, which rise from one plasmodium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In the brown sporangia the dehiscence, as stated, is often definitely prefigured; in the multiple, red, obscurely, if at all. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe long and slender, smooth, shining and black, rising from a thin hypothallus; the columella short cylindric, variable in length, but not attaining the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio In habit the species resembles O. nitens, but the colonies are much larger, and the sporangia higher and larger, attaining 1 mm. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This species may be recognized by its tawny, irregular, more or less crowded sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species To the next species it offers a general resemblance, but has larger sporangia and an entirely different net. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species It will be interesting in this view to note the resultant shapes as presented in the sporangia of various genera. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The columella is somewhat variable, it sometimes forks or divides immediately on entering the sporangium, at other times it is longer and cylindric, with more slender primary branches. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A single sporangium, � 20; stipe shown of unusual length. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species A single sporangium, � 20; a New York specimen. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Before us is one very small colony of sporangia from Iowa, one from Ohio, and a large number from Missouri. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species A single spore, from the same sporangium as 6 a. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe short, stout, brown or blackish in color, arising from a thin, brown, common hypothallus; columella cylindric, or tapering slightly to an obtuse apex, attaining the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A single sporangium seen as if in section, � 40. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species A single sporangium seen as in section, � 40. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The stipe ranges a little shorter than in the preceding variety, three to seven times the sporangium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species A mass of clustered sporangia, to show habit of aggregation, natural size. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe usually short, or sometimes nearly obsolete, brown or blackish in color, arising from a strongly-developed hypothallus; the columella cylindric or slightly tapering upward, and obtuse, reaching nearly to the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A group of sporangia, natural size, to show habit. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species A group of sporangia; the calcareous crust has fallen in all. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The cancellation is coarser, the number of ribs fewer, the whole sporangium more or less globose; ferruginous or purple, the prevailing tint. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Diagram of a single sporangium, a less rudimentary specimen, � 40. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe long, slender, smooth, and shining, brown or blackish, rising from a thin, brown, common hypothallus; columella cylindric or slightly tapering to the obtuse apex, not reaching the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe short, thick, white, arising from a white, venulose, hypothallus, tapering upward; the columella cylindric or slightly tapering, obtuse, terminating below the apex of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 1–2 mm. in height, the stipe usually much shorter than the sporangium, the latter .4-.5 mm. in thickness. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangia simple or plasmodiocarpous; capillitium composed of threads without characteristic thickenings running entirely across the sporangium attached both to the base and to the opposite wall, not joined to form a network. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe short, thick, white, arising from a white, reticulate hypothallus, tapering upward; the columella oblong or short cylindric, extending beyond the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe more or less elongated, smooth and black, arising from a common hypothallus, tapering upward, entering the sporangium and prolonged nearly or quite to the apex as a columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The lime on the wall of the sporangium in the form of minute stellate crystals. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The lime on the wall of the sporangium consisting of minute roundish granules. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Differs from the preceding by the much smaller size of the sporangia, different color and habit. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Wall of the sporangium with the outer calcareous layer usually compacted into a smooth continuous crust.4. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella brown or blackish, tapering upward and vanishing near the apex of the sporangium, the stipe much shorter than the columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Wall of the sporangium with an outer layer of large scales, consisting of bicarbonate of lime. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Capillitium of very slender threads, straight or often sinuous, stretching from the columella to the wall of the sporangium, simple or outwardly sparingly branched at a sharp angle. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio When newly formed, the sporangia have a peculiar rosy or flesh-colored metallic tint, which is all their own. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species It is considered by Lister to be a variety of D. farinaceum; it differs from this species in its smaller and less-depressed sporangium and in its smaller nearly smooth spores. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 2–4 mm. in height, the stipe much the shorter, the sporangium .35-.40 mm. in thickness. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The columella large and thick, divided into cells which are filled with irregular lumps of lime, common to all the sporangia. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe variable in length, rigid, erect, black or sometimes rusty-brown, arising from a small hypothallus; the columella broad, hemispherical or pulvinate, black, the lower side connate with the wall of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Typical sporangia are spherical on distinct short stipes; when crowded, the shape is of course less definite. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangium .6-.9 mm. in diameter, the stipe about as long as the diameter of the sporangium or sometimes much longer, usually, however, much shorter than the diameter and almost concealed within the umbilicus. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella slender, smooth, black, extending nearly or quite to the apex of the sporangium, the stipe longer than the columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe short, erect, rugulose, brown or blackish, expanding at the base into a small hypothallus; the columella reduced to a thin layer of minute brown scales upon the base of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangium .6-.8 mm. in diameter, the stipe about the same length. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio In the American gatherings the sporangia are uniformly regular, globose, very generally short-stipitate, more or less closely gregarious, never superimposed, or heaped as shown in Berkeley's figure, for instance, Ann. and Mag. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Each sporangium traversed by a central subcylindric hollow columella, which extends also to the branches, but does not reach to their apices. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium 1.5–3 mm. in height by .35-.40 mm. in thickness, the stipe usually about the same length as the sporangium, but sometimes nearly twice as long. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio MUCILAGO. �thalium large, even and uniform in outline, covered by a thick, white, common cortex; the sporangia laterally confluent and densely compacted together throughout. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Capillitium of very slender threads, stretching from the columella to the wall of the sporangium, more or less branched, and combined into a loose net by short lateral branchlets. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio This species is distinguishable at sight by the peculiar color and form of the sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This genus is easily recognized by the smooth crustaceous layer of lime on the outer surface of the sporangium; in many cases this easily shells off or breaks away. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The stipe very long, smooth and black, tapering upward, expanding at the base into a small circular hypothallus; the columella short, reaching from one-half to three-fourths the height of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The color of stipe, columella and sporangium varies from white through yellowish to brown; the spores are quite peculiar by reason of their prominent scattered warts. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia .5-.8 mm. in diameter, the surface smooth. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio This species is known at sight by its peculiarly beautiful tint when fresh, as by the crowded prolix habit of the singular overlying sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia are quite different from those of D. spumarioides, but I can see no difference in the spores. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium .3-.6 mm. in height by .3-.5 mm. in width, the stipe usually a little longer than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangia orbicular, very much depressed, often umbilicate above and concave underneath, stipitate or sessile, gregarious, with the margins of the sporangia sometimes confluent. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangium .3-.5 mm. in diameter, thin and smooth or rugulose. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The netted capillitium and the evanescent peridium suggests Arcyria, but there are abundant free tips, and the threads are unmistakably spirally wound, especially in the large, handsome sporangia characteristic of the Mississippi valley. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe present or often wanting, seldom prolonged within the sporangium as a columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella smooth and black, tapering upward and reaching the apex of the sporangium, the columella bent and flexuous or spirally twisted, about as long as the stipe. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A. Outer surface of the sporangium destitute of lime. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio B. Outer surface of the sporangium invested with granules of lime. a. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Recognizable by its peculiar pallid, sessile sporangia, as by the internal structure. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe prolonged within the sporangium as a columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 4–7 mm. in height, the stipe a little shorter, or sometimes much longer than the sporangium, the latter .25-.30 mm. in thickness. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A genus characterized by the form of the sporangia and the smooth and glossy surface of the wall. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangium .5-.6 mm. in diameter, the stipe about the same length or sometimes very short. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio This species resembles the preceding in color, but is of less aggregate habit, and the sporangia are more plasmodiocarpous, reniform, arcuate, etc. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia are dull brownish to the naked eye, but when magnified the green, purple, and blue metallic tints of the wall become apparent. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe very short or nearly obsolete, the columella rising to two-thirds or three-fourths the height of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium 1.5–2 mm. in length by 1 mm. in thickness, the stipe variable in length, but usually much shorter than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe elongated, tapering upward, entering the sporangium and prolonged to the apex as a tubaeform columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia are inconspicuous until opening by fissure they display the yellow spores and capillitial threads. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In fact, the structure of the sporangium is unique among the Myxomycetes. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella capillary, smooth and black, reaching to the apex of the sporangium or often vanishing in the network far below it, the stipe very short, the columella long and flexible. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe long, erect or flexuous, the apex bent or curved, red-brown, rising from a small hypothallus, entering the sporangium and prolonged to the apex as a hollow tubaeform columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The abnormal forms of this species which sometimes manifest themselves are very singular; the sporangium has a tendency to dilate, becoming funnel-form or even salver-shaped, the stipe shortening and even disappearing. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Readily recognized at sight by its heaped, shining, or glistening sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe more or less elongated, tapering upward and entering the sporangium as a columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 15–40 mm. in length, the stipe 3–8 mm. long, the sporangium .25-.40 mm. in thickness. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe long, erect, dark purple to purplish black, tapering upward and entering the sporangium as a slight obtuse columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe stout, erect, yellow, longitudinally rugulose, expanded at the base, tapering upward and entering the sporangium as a short obtusely conical columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio "The sporangia stand either aggregated or bunched together in heaps of five to twelve, adnate to the hypothallus by a narrow base, etc." The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe variable in length, slender, from orange or orange-red to dark red in color, sometimes blackish below, rising from a thin hypothallus, tapering upward and entering the sporangium as a short obtuse columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The component sporangia 5–10 mm. in length. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe variable in length, concolorous with the sporangium or darker below, tapering upward and entering the sporangium as a short obtusely conical columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe variable in length, white or smoky-white, usually darker below, rising from a thin hypothallus, tapering upward and entering the sporangium as a short obtuse or conical columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Berkeley's drawing shows a sporangium with tip acuminate! The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe short, sometimes very short or nearly obsolete, snow-white, expanding at the base into a small white hypothallus, tapering upward and entering the sporangium as a short obtusely conical columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe brown or black, smooth and shining, tapering upward, entering the sporangium and prolonged nearly to the apex as a slender columella, the stipe shorter than the columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium ellipsoidal or pyriform, the columella prolonged nearly to the apex of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe long, slender, translucent, pale red to dark red in color, tapering upward, entering the sporangium and prolonged nearly to the apex as a slender columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A single sporangium, to show reticulate thickening, � 60. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangium .5-.7 mm. in height by .3-.5 mm. in diameter, the stipe two or three times the height of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Very minute scattered branchlets usually connect the superficial network with the wall of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe short or sometimes elongated, arising from a small circular hypothallus, longitudinally plicate, confluent above and similarly colored with the base of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Capillitium of tubules, forming a loose network, bearing numerous large angular and irregular nodules of lime, which are often confluent along the axis of the sporangium into a pseudo-columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A sporangium seen as if in section, � 40. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Capillitium of tubules forming a loose net-work, bearing large, irregular, white nodules of lime, which are sometimes confluent in the axis of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella smooth and black, tapering gradually upward and disappearing near the apex of the sporangium, the stipe shorter than the columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium, together with the stipe, .8–1.4 mm. in height and .3-.5 mm. in diameter, the stipe usually shorter than the sporangium, sometimes equal to it in length, rarely longer. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium .5-.8 mm. in height including the stipe and .2-.5 mm. in diameter at the top, the stipe equaling the sporangium in length. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A group of sporangia, one expanded, the others empty, � 15. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangium .6-.8 mm. in height including the stipe and .5-.6 mm. in diameter, the stipe one-half the height of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 6–15 mm. in height, the sporangium .3-.4 mm. in thickness, the stipe variable in length, but always shorter than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Capillitium of tubules forming a loose net-work bearing large, irregular, white nodules of lime, sometimes confluent in the axis of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Capillitium of tubules forming a dense net-work, bearing numerous large irregular white nodules of lime, which are often confluent in the axis of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A cluster of sporangia, magnified about 15 times. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangium .6–1.0 mm. in height including the stipe and .3-.5 mm. in diameter, the stipe much shorter than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The meshes of the superficial net vary in size in the same sporangium, being usually 5–25 mic. in width, but sometimes they are larger, ranging from 10–40 mic. in extent. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Capillitium of slender tubules, forming a dense net-work, bearing numerous rather small irregular nodules of lime, yellow or sometimes white in color, and often confluent along the axis of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 1–1.5 mm. in height and .4-.6 mm. in diameter, the stipe always longer than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A single sporangia, enlarged to show columella, � 20. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe present or often wanting, never prolonged within the sporangium as a columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella black and smooth, tapering gradually upward and vanishing toward the apex of the sporangium, the stipe shorter than the columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangium .5-.7 mm. in diameter, the stipe about the same length, or shorter, and sometimes wanting. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio This is a larger and rougher species than P. leucoph�um, the sporangium is more often irregular and the spores darker colored. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio A group of sporangia to show compressed form, � 10. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia rarely simple, usually confluent into a head of from four or five to fifteen or twenty, and sometimes more, simple sporangia; the stipes variable in length, long or short, rarely wanting. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 5–9 mm. in height, the sporangium .2-.3 mm. in thickness, the stipe variable in length, but always shorter than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The lime on the wall of the sporangium is rather scanty, sometimes altogether absent, and the nodules of lime in the capillitium are rather small. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangium is often elegantly reticulate as observed by Schweinitz even when the lime is quite scanty. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Except as just described, the slime-moulds present abundant, minute, unicellular spores, enclosed in sporangia more or less perfectly defined, and attended by peculiar thread-like structures, free or variously attached and conjoined, the so-called capillitium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangia .4-.6 mm. in diameter, more or less irregular. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella brown and smooth, tapering gradually upward and reaching nearly to the apex of the sporangium, the stipe shorter than the columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The sporangia are often so much crowded as to appear to be grown together. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Capillitium of tubules forming a loose net-work, with wide expansions at the angles; the nodules of lime numerous, snow-white, large, irregular, with pointed angles and lobes, sometimes confluent in the center of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Specimens from Kansas referred here have the stipe pale, rugose, long, about twice the sporangium; habitat bark. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The wall of the sporangium is exactly like that of certain species of Diderma. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 7–15 mm. in height, the sporangium .3-.4 mm. in thickness, the stipe shorter than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Aethalium a compound plasmodiocarp; the component sporangia branching and anastomosing in every direction, complicate and grown together; the walls of the sporangia a thin membrane, coated with minute, roundish granules of lime. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The genus is readily distinguished from Spumaria by the round granules of lime upon the walls of the sporangia. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Generally distinguishable by its unusually large calcareous, white sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species This species furnishes a clear notion of the structure of the aethalium in the other species, on account of the sporangia being but loosely compacted and not entirely grown together. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella brown and smooth, tapering gradually upward and vanishing beneath the apex of the sporangium, the stipe much shorter than the columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangia subglobose or obovoid, sessile, on a thin pallid or yellowish hypothallus, which sometimes sends out narrow bands or strings of membrane of variable length, bearing sporangia singly or in clusters. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Wall of the sporangium a thin pellucid membrane, mostly even or somewhat rugulose and iridescent, coated by a very thin layer of white granules of lime. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe very short or none, sporangia cylindric, brown 46. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangia subglobose or obovoid, sessile, on a thin pallid or yellowish hypothallus, which often separates into narrow strips and strings of membrane of variable length, bearing the sporangia singly or in clusters. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium with the stipe 4–10 mm. in height, the sporangium .3-.4 mm. in thickness, the stipe much shorter than the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Wall of the sporangium a thin violaceous membrane, rugulose and iridescent, shining with purple, blue, and violet tints, with a thin layer of white granules of lime. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe very short, brown or blackish, sometimes reduced to merely a thickened blackish base to the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio In habit it is very much like some forms of P. sinuosum but differs in the depressed, rather than compressed sporangia, and in the brown color of the outer peridium. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Stipe very short, black, sometimes reduced to merely a blackish base to the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella black and smooth, the stipe very short, the columella extending nearly or quite to the apex of the sporangium, the upper part usually flexuous. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe variable in length, arising from a common hypothallus and prolonged within the sporangium as a columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe long, erect, reddish-brown, expanding at the base into a brown hypothallus, prolonged within the sporangium to more than half its height as a columella. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio It has similar spores, the only difference is a less calcareous peridium and more scattered habit of fructification with more nearly regular, depressed-globose sporangia. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species Sporangia .6-.8 mm. in height by .5-.6 mm. in diameter, the stipe from once to twice the height of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe and columella black and shining, the stipe very short, the columella reaching nearly or quite to the apex of the sporangium, often flexuous above. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipes variable, commonly very short, sometimes confluent, arising from a brown hypothallus, prolonged within the sporangium to about half its height. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Sporangium .4-.7 mm. in height by .3-.4 mm. in diameter, the stipe often reduced to a mere point or cushion on the hypothallus, and varying thence to nearly the length of the sporangium. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio The color and aggregate, heaped sporangia are distinctive macroscopic characters. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The sporangium is narrower than in the preceding species, and the brown wall is usually without granules of lime. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio Stipe stout, thick, tapering upward, entering the sporangium and prolonged to its apex, there expanding into a discoid membrane. The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio |
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