| 单词 | spicule |
| 例句 | Spiders started building new webs in abandoned huts; dust started to sift in from unpatched roofs in golden spicules. The Martian Chronicles 1950-01-01T00:00:00Z He saw spicules of coalesced matter — “radiobes,” as he called them — that resembled, to his eyes, the most primeval forms of life. What Does It Mean to Be a Living Thing? 2021-03-24T04:00:00Z These spicules serve to provide additional stiffness to the body of the sponge. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z These animals lack a shell but have aragonite spicules on their skin. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z An example of a primitive endoskeletal structure is the spicules of sponges. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The “whiskers” at the edge of the Sun are spicules, jets of gas that shoot material up from the Sun’s surface and disappear after only a few minutes. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Among and between the animals are interwoven trails of spicules, skeleton-like structures shed by the sponges. Guess Which Creature Made Mysterious Trails on the Ocean Floor 2021-04-30T04:00:00Z These animals lack a calcareous shell but possess aragonite spicules on their epidermis. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The mesohyl contains embedded amoeboid cells that secrete tiny needles called spicules or protein fibers that help give the sponge its structural strength. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Some bone spicules may also appear at this point. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They pay a grisly price for this, though: Like the honeybees that rip off part of their abdomen after stinging someone, the sponges seem to rip off their spicules in order to move. Brainless sponges pay a grisly price for movement 2021-04-29T04:00:00Z The researchers found spicule trails were visible in 70 percent of the hundreds of images of living sponges examined for the study. Guess Which Creature Made Mysterious Trails on the Ocean Floor 2021-04-30T04:00:00Z Sclerocytes within this layer produce silica spicules that extend outside the body of the sponge. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They also found snaking trails of spicules—fragments of the sponge skeleton—connected to many of the creatures. Sponges can crawl, but it costs them bits of their bodies 2021-04-26T04:00:00Z Their spiny silica-based spicules grow and branch to form wicked shapes, from thin needles to spiked spheres. How sponges ‘spike’ themselves with glass 2017-10-18T04:00:00Z A scarred rocky sphere the size of an orange had split to reveal an almost perfectly circular face, the other half shattered into spicules by the impact. Geode : Nature : Nature Research 2017-08-29T04:00:00Z The spicules surge thousands of miles high, passing through the chromosphere and into the sun’s corona before collapsing. Solving the Scorching Mystery of the Sun’s Erupting Plasma Jets 2017-06-23T04:00:00Z In some sponges, sclerocytes secrete small spicules into the mesohyl, which are composed of either calcium carbonate or silica, depending on the type of sponge. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The scientists believe the sponges sink their spicules into the ground and pull on them to haul their bodies forward. Sponges can crawl, but it costs them bits of their bodies 2021-04-26T04:00:00Z Sandwiched between them are many horizontal rod-shaped spicules, along with spicules of another type resembling fireworks enlarged at right and left. Glass Sponges Poriferify -- and Beautify -- Impoverished Antarctic Neighborhood 2013-08-08T22:45:13.887Z These jets, called “type 2 spicules,” climb as high as Earth is wide but last only 100 seconds or so. Why Does the Sun s Corona Get So Hot? NASA Launches Telescope to Find Out 2013-06-25T14:45:05.407Z Using data gathered by high-powered land and space telescopes, they created a computer simulation that reconstructed the conditions between the sun’s surface and its atmosphere, where spicules form. Solving the Scorching Mystery of the Sun’s Erupting Plasma Jets 2017-06-23T04:00:00Z Additionally, spicules, when present externally, may ward off predators. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Another possibility is that the sponges move to disperse their offspring, or that they build spicule trails to provide sponge larvae with surfaces to settle on. Sponges can crawl, but it costs them bits of their bodies 2021-04-26T04:00:00Z The rest of the top half shows various spicules. Glass Sponges Poriferify -- and Beautify -- Impoverished Antarctic Neighborhood 2013-08-08T22:45:13.887Z IRIS’s 20-centimetre telescope and imaging spectrograph are designed to study phenomena that change as rapidly as these spicules. NASA sets sights on the Sun 2013-06-19T17:20:23.097Z Spiky bursts of plasma called spicules swirl around the surface of the sun. Solving the Scorching Mystery of the Sun’s Erupting Plasma Jets 2017-06-23T04:00:00Z Kulindroplax thus supports the hypothesis that chitons and aplacophorans share a common ancestor, given the similarity of their spicules and valves, and are together ancestral to the rest of the modern mollusks. Take This Shell and Shove It: The Mollusk That Became a Worm 2012-12-31T18:45:00.227Z Needless to say, my hands will likely ache for the rest of the week, full of spicules, cuts and fire worm hairs. Scientist at Work Blog: Watchful Shrimp, Defending Their Territory 2012-07-20T19:21:28Z At the top are drawings of its six-pointed spicules. Glass Sponges Poriferify -- and Beautify -- Impoverished Antarctic Neighborhood 2013-08-08T22:45:13.887Z As a result, as the rock surface weathered, it would not wash off as clay but would maintain hard spicules and sharp angles of quartz useful as temper. Mohave Pottery 2012-04-26T02:00:09.420Z Body protected by an investment of spicules or fibre scattered or approximated, never fused into a continuous skeleton. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z The fossil also clearly showed signs of tiny spicules and a cuticle — a feature that aplacophorans possess today in the form of a chitinous covering. Take This Shell and Shove It: The Mollusk That Became a Worm 2012-12-31T18:45:00.227Z When the temperature is low the flakes are very small, being grains and spicules in the severe blizzards of the west and falling as snow-dust in the Arctic. Reading the Weather 2012-04-19T02:00:27.487Z Many sponges build pointy microscopic spicules made of protein, silica, or calcium carbonate that help support their bodies and defend against predators. Glass Sponges Poriferify -- and Beautify -- Impoverished Antarctic Neighborhood 2013-08-08T22:45:13.887Z If we are moving in a small boat, we may pause to camp under some one of the thick-topped spruce trees whose stiff spicules pierce our unwary hands like pins. The Columbia River Its History, Its Myths, Its Scenery, Its Commerce 2012-04-07T02:00:31.747Z The tangentially disposed spicules are seen arranged in masses on the surface. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z It is surface ice formed in spicules and carried downwards in water agitated by winds or rapids. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z The basal ring of sternites two to eight bears a transverse band or area of microscopic chitinized spicules, the one on the eighth segment split lengthwise by a capillary line. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Volume 11, Number 4, December 1919 2011-10-07T02:00:22.027Z If you could put a piece of paper at s� s�, as you did in the candle experiment, you would see the actual image of the magnified spicule upon it. Through Magic Glasses and Other Lectures A Sequel to The Fairyland of Science 2011-10-03T02:00:33.003Z A diffuse swelling of the distal metatarsal bone, the surface of which was studded with small osteophytic spicules. Ecological Studies of the Timber Wolf in Northeastern Minnesota 2011-10-03T02:00:28.037Z The long pseudopodia reaching beyond the spicules are not lettered. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z Shell covered by mantle, or absent; anterior tentacles form a frontal veil; mantle contains spicules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Normal spicules of the skeleton are always rod-like or needle-like, and either blunt or pointed at both ends; they are either smooth, granular, or covered with small spines. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z But as these points of light are only in an empty tube, they pass on, spreading out again from the image, as they did before from the spicule. Through Magic Glasses and Other Lectures A Sequel to The Fairyland of Science 2011-10-03T02:00:33.003Z It shows cancellous, or spongy, bone, the network of interconnected spicules that form inside a bone’s stronger outer layers. What Is It? Fraying Matter 2011-06-03T11:15:00.253Z It has been regarded as a sponge, and some species are certainly accompanied with spicules; but these I have ascertained to be merely accidental, and will be referred to in the next chapter. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Body elongated; visceral mass marked off from foot posteriorly; dorsal appendages absent, or reduced to a single pair; spicules in the integument. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Sometimes spicules of the same type form a more or less irregular transverse network at the base or on the surface of the sponge. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z It is noteworthy that though of similar habitat each species selects its own size or sort of sand, some utilizing the siliceous spicules of sponges. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z In osteoporosis, the spaces between the spicules start to get bigger, “and this awakening of the bone leads to fractures,” Barker says. What Is It? Fraying Matter 2011-06-03T11:15:00.253Z Menevian group. a, Fragment showing the spicules partially displaced. b, Portion enlarged. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z It is only when a species begins to secrete a shell or a spicule or a carapace or a lime-supported stem, and so put by something for the future, that it goes upon the Record. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z Free spicules are absent in many species; when present they are usually needle-like and pointed at the tips. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z As spicules measuring in the tens of thousands of degrees kelvins rise from the chromosphere, the researchers noticed, patches of the corona above flare up at one million to two million degrees. Feeling the Heat 2011-02-15T05:16:57.373Z Identify the endoderm and ectoderm cells, the spicules or fibers, and, among the spicules or fibers, irregular amœboid cells, sometimes called mesoderm cells. A Guide for the Study of Animals 2011-01-18T03:00:14.913Z But the spicules are also associated in location and time of occurrence with flare-ups in other wavelengths that indicate plasma temperatures of at least one million to two million degrees K in the corona. Plasma Jets Pump Heat into the Sun's Sizzling Corona 2011-01-06T20:45:03.877Z In the first-named, the zooids are united only by their bases and the skeleton consists of loose spicules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" The consistency of a sponge depends on two factors—the number of spicules present, and the amount of spongin. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z From this the skeletons of radiolaria and diatoms and the spicules of sponges are formed. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Notice the arrangement, shape, and length of the spicules and of the fibers. A Guide for the Study of Animals 2011-01-18T03:00:14.913Z The fact that the spicules seem to be associated with heating events that are more than adequate to keep the corona toasty is reason for optimism, Phillips says. Plasma Jets Pump Heat into the Sun's Sizzling Corona 2011-01-06T20:45:03.877Z In the order Pseudaxonia the colonies are upright and branched, consisting of a number of short zooids whose proximal ends are imbedded in a coenenchyma containing numerous ramifying solenia and spicules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Many Spongillid� vary without apparent cause as regards the shape, size, and proportions of their spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Now, much of the chert is full of needles, or spicules, as they are called, of sponges, and this points to the source from which some at least of the silica was derived. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight The mouth is terminal and anterior and surrounded by a ring of spicules or a half-ring of hooks. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" Sponges are represented by spicules and anchor ropes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 3 "Capefigue" to "Carneades" The latter contains the proximal moieties of the zooids and numerous but separate spicules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" The siliceous part of it may be used in forming spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z They perform the same functions and bear spicules, sometimes in pairs, sometimes quaternate, each spicule being surmounted by a spore. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Corals and other fossils frequently occur in chert, and when sliced and microscopically examined both flint and chert often show silicified foraminifera, polyzoa &c., and sponge spicules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 7 "Columbus" to "Condottiere" At low polar temperatures flakes of snow are not found, but precipitation is in the form of ice spicules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" The medullary portion is densely crowded with spicules of different shape from those in the cortex, and in some forms the spicules are cemented together to form a hard supporting axis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" The gemmules of sponges growing in lakes are sometimes deficient in spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The ectoderm behind the ciliated ring develops spicules, and the post-oral region of the larva elongates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" The male has two spicules, and there is some doubt as to whether it should be placed with the Desmoscolecida or with the Nematoda. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" The pileus or cap bears on its under surface radiating plates or gills, consisting of the hymenium, over which are thickly scattered the basidia, each surmounted by four spicules, and on each spicule a spore. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The skeleton of the Alcyonacea consists of separate calcareous spicules, which are often, especially in the Nephthyidae, so abundant and so closely interlocked as to form a tolerably firm and hard armour. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Their spicules are very slender and minutely spined. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Later the ciliated ring or velum disappears and seven imbricated calcareous plates, made up of flattened spicules, are formed on the dorsal surface. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" The whole dome of the heavens glared with a garish, brassy sheen from which the sun blazed out with an unwholesome, metallic light that gleamed in glints of gold from millions of floating frost spicules. Connie Morgan in the Fur Country These tubes are straight or twisted, simple or bifurcated, and each of them very soon emits four monosporous spicules, at the same time that they become septate. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In the Tubipondae the spicules of the proximal part of the body-wall are fused together to form a firm tube, the corallite, into which the distal part of the zooid can be retracted. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Microscleres Smaller spicules that lie free in the substance or the derma of the sponge, or are associated with the gemmule. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The cuticle, in some species very thick, contains numerous spicules which are long, hollow and calcified; they are secreted by epithelial papillae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" Then rapidly as it had formed, the picture faded and the two awe-struck watchers stood gazing at the frost spicules that glittered brassily in the unwholesome light of the false suns. Connie Morgan in the Fur Country In all cases the spicule originates before the sporule which it carries, and also attains its full length when the sporule appears. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses It is formed, not from fused spicules, but as a secretion of a special layer of cells derived from the basal ectoderm, and known as calicoblasts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" It is easily distinguished from all others by the fact that the birotulate spicules of the gemmule are of two quite distinct kinds, which occur together on every mature gemmule. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z There are, however, in most Horses certain spicules or minute points which are shed before the appearance of the permanent canines, and which are probably the last remnants of the true milk canines. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In The thing that caught the boy's attention was a round hole in the snow—a hole hardly larger in diameter than a silver quarter, and edged with a lacy filigree of frost spicules. Connie Morgan in the Fur Country The granular orange protoplasm which fills it passes ere long into the sporules, which are engendered at the extremity of pointed spicules. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The limestones contain Globigerina and other Foraminifera, the siliceous beds are made of Radiolaria, sponge spicules and diatoms, while the red clay closely resembles the red clay of the deepest parts of the oceans. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" Spongilla is undoubtedly the most primitive genus of the Spongillid�, its spicules showing less sign of specialization than those of any other genus included in the family. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Their spicules withdrew and jabbed, withdrew and jabbed. Cully The color is light leather color, brick red or bay, the color and color variations being due to numbers of colored cystidia or spicules scattered over the surface of the gills and on the edge. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Sometimes these tubes, or spicules, send out one or two lateral branches, each terminated by a spore. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses As I trampled through the grass the frost spicules from the tussocks I brushed against filled the spaces between the leather and my feet. Reminiscences of a South African Pioneer A. Skeleton spicules spiny or irregular in outline. a. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Spiculum: a small spicule or thin, pointed process. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology The color is the same as that of the pileus or dark bay brown, and shining, and seems to be due to large numbers of spicules similar to those on the gills. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This division precedes the growth of the spicules. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses In addition to this compact bone, there is a lighter and looser variety in which spicules and bars of bony tissue are loosely interwoven. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata S. lacustris is an extremely variable species, varying in the size, proportions and shape of its spicules, in its external form and in the size and structure of the gemmule. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Operative treatment.—Early interference was only warranted by positive knowledge that some source of irritation or pressure could be removed; thus a bone spicule, or a bullet, or part of one, particularly portions of mantles. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre The morning of the 29th of March, 1909, a heavy and dense fog of frost spicules overhung the camp. A Negro Explorer at the North Pole When arrived at their full growth, they are somewhat obovate, and produce four spicules, which at length are surmounted each with a globose spore. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Among the bony bars and spicules of spongy bone occurs the red marrow-- which must not be confused with the yellow marrow, the fatty substance in the central cavity of long bones. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Gemmule-spicules very small, rather stout, cylindrical, pointed, covered with relatively long and stout spines which are either straight or directed towards the ends of the spicule. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Pressure from hæmorrhage into the Fallopian canal may, of course, have been present, and in some instances, particularly those in which the bullet traversed the tympanic cavity, spicules of bone may have caused laceration. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre The former principle is illustrated in the archetype of the vertebrate skeleton, in the segmentation of the Articulates, in the almost mathematical symmetry of Echinoderms, and the actually crystalline spicules of sponges. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The spores are in many instances beautifully echinulate, sometimes globose, at others elongated, and produced in such numbers as to lead to the belief that their development is successive on the spicules. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses More fossils were discovered on February 1, and a quantity of lichens, shells, worm casts, and sponge spicules were discovered in the locality of Evans Coves, to which the party returned. South with Scott Skeleton very delicate; radiating fibres rarely consisting of more than two parallel spicules; transverse fibres far apart, frequently consisting of single spicules; very little spongin present. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z More commonly, however, the fragments, if of any size, appear torn, and if small, are mere spicules. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre The contents may be clear yellow serum or watery pus; sometimes a small spicule of bone is discharged. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The spores soon become free, but the spicule often still adheres to them; but they are not attached to the intermingled filaments. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Like the latter, the skeleton was doubtless originally composed, in the young state, of disconnected six-rayed spicules, which ultimately become fixed together to constitute a continuous frame-work. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In about two days differentiation commences among the cells; then spicules are secreted, a central cavity and an external membrane formed, and an aperture, the first osculum, appears in the membrane. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Mingled with crystalline grains of quartz, glassy spicules, and water-worn fragments of coral, were a number of lovely little shells, some of the texture of fine porcelain, others like blown Venetian glass. John Thorndyke's Cases related by Christopher Jervis and edited by R. Austin Freeman The periosteum is thick and vascular, and when detached carries with it plates and spicules of soft porous bone. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. With this introduction we may state that the technical characters of the family are thus expressed:— Hymenium free, mostly naked, or, if enclosed at first, soon exposed; spores naked, mostly quaternate, on distinct spicules = Hymenomycetes. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Dalichamp suspected that the mischief was due to a spicule of bone that the two consecutive days of violent exercise had served to liberate. The Downfall Skeleton incoherent, somewhat massive owing to the large number of spicules present. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z What tales of coughing, consumptive glass-cutters, bending over wheels, their lungs cut to pieces by the myriad spicules of sharp glass, so that we, we of our class, may enjoy beauty of design and coloring! The Air Trust In silicious sponges the spicules are composed of silica, and are generally deposited around axial rods in concentric layers. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 They appear in immense numbers on the surface of the fungus, and when detached from their spicules fall upon the ground or on any object which may be beneath them. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Presently, too, a new wonder for a midsummer afternoon—a snow scene all around, and spicules of ice settling and remaining frozen on the coatsleeve. The Dominion of the Air; the story of aerial navigation Spicules forming triangular meshes and occasionally arranged in vertical lines several spicules broad but without spongin. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Urine was afterward voided through the left pubic opening, and spicules of bone were discharged for two years afterward; ultimate recovery ensued. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine The spicules are joined together and cemented by a body that has been named "spongin," which has much the same chemical composition as silk, and, like silk, is very elastic. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 The germ filament which they produce springs habitually from the side, at a short distance from the hilum, which indicates the point of attachment to the original spicule. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Neve and ice surfaces were covered with sharp spicules, and the sides and bridges of crevasses were unmistakably thawed. The Home of the Blizzard Being the Story of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914 Skeleton consisting of slender and feebly coherent radiating fibres as a rule two or three spicules thick, with single spicules or ill-defined transverse fibres running horizontally. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Sea urchins were also abundant, and sponges contributed their spicules to form nodules of flint. The Elements of Geology The spicules are some crutch-like, others spined or echinated, while the deep-sea sponges appear to grow long thick spicules, which attach the sponge to the ground by means of grapnel-like ends. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 These latter were broadest towards the apex, so as to be almost clavate, and the extremity was beset with two or three short spicules. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The sea to the north is glazed with freezing spicules, and over it sweep the petrels—our only living companions of the winter. The Home of the Blizzard Being the Story of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914 This variety differs from the typical form in having its skeleton spicules covered with minute irregular spines or conical projections. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Other theorists have explained the aurora as due to the accumulation of electricity on clouds or on spicules of ice in the upper air. A History of Science — Volume 3 These spicules are of very varied though regular shape, but ordinarily assume a rod-like needle shape or else a stellate form. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 Each spicule was normally surmounted by an obovate spore. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses When low temperatures were the rule, small, plain, hexagonal stars or spicules fell. The Home of the Blizzard Being the Story of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914 Somewhat depressed, covered with a thick granular pneumatic coat, in which the spicules stand erect; the single aperture depressed. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z It is only found in certain sponges with calcareous spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The skeleton of calcareous sponges consists of a number of spicules composed of carbonate of lime. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 The skeleton is usually reticulate, but sometimes consists of a mass of spicules almost without arrangement. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Thus, in September, in one instance, the fall commenced with fluffy balls and then passed to tapioca snow, sago snow, six-rayed stars and spicules. The Home of the Blizzard Being the Story of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914 Owing to their thin pneumatic coat and relatively heavy spicules they are not very buoyant. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z In S. sinensis the gemmules are packed together in groups at the base of the sponge, and their spicules are smooth, stout, and gradually pointed. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Dr. Ledenfeld again illustrated this stage of his lecture by means of a number of microscopic slides in which the variety of shape and size of these spicules and "spongin" fibers were shown. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 Skeleton with well-defined but slender radiating fibres, which contain very little spongin; transverse fibres close together but consisting for the most part of one or two spicules only. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Spicules arranged irregularly in this layer, as a rule being more nearly vertical than horizontal but pointing in all directions, not confined externally by a membrane; no external layer of horizontal spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z At the base of the sponge the direction of a large proportion of the spicules is horizontal or nearly horizontal, the number arranged vertically being much greater in the upper part. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The shape of the spicules is extremely variable, and sponges in which they are very different occur in the same localities and even in the same ponds. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Silicious spicules next appear in its structure, and it then attaches itself to a rock and assumes its mature form. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 The spicules variable in quantity, arranged irregularly among the spaces of the cellular coat and usually forming a sparse horizontal layer on its external surface. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Gemmule-spicules cylindrical, blunt or abruptly pointed, nearly straight, covered with relatively stout, straight, irregular spines, which are equally distributed all over the spicule. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Among them a few more or less slender, smooth amphioxi occur, but these are probably immature spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The spicules of the outer layer often more irregular in outline and less blunt than those of the inner layer. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Skeleton dense, forming a close reticulation; radiating fibres slender but quite distinct, running up right through the sponge, crossed at frequent intervals by single spicules or groups of spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The spicules of the Travancore specimen are, therefore, a trifle larger than those of the American one, but the proportions are closely similar. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The spicule thus resembles a little trumpet resting on its mouth. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z This membrane is full of spicules arranged as in a mosaic; most or all of them belong to the smaller type, and as a rule they are fairly uniform in size. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Gemmules numerous throughout the sponge, spherical, provided with a short, straight foraminal tubule, surrounded by one row of spicules, which are embedded in a rather thin granular coat. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The firmness of the skeleton is due almost entirely to the interlocking of individual spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Separated from this layer by a considerable interval is another layer of spicules embedded in a chitinous membrane which is in continuity with the basal membrane of the sponge. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Small spherical gemmules are present but have only a thin chitinous covering without spicules or foramen. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The spicules in this membrane mostly belong to the larger type and are very variable in size; mingled with them are often a certain number of birotulate flesh-spicules. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z A close layer of spicules lying parallel to the basal membrane. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z |
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