| 单词 | somatic cell |
| 例句 | It was different from sperm-and-egg sex in several important ways: somatic cells were cells of the body, like skin cells, and their union produced offspring every few hours. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z The technical name for this was somatic cell fusion, but some researchers called it “cell sex.” The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z US rules on milk production allow it to contain more than double the amount of somatic cells – white blood cells that fight bacterial infections – than are found in British milk. UK anti-obesity drive at risk from new US trade deal, doctors warn 2018-03-18T04:00:00Z Milk containing a high number of somatic cells is poorer nutritionally and of a lower quality, and can suggest low animal welfare standards. UK anti-obesity drive at risk from new US trade deal, doctors warn 2018-03-18T04:00:00Z For decades, the conventional wisdom held that a person’s somatic cells could pick up mutations but that these genome alterations were rare and not a major cause of health problems. Your cells don’t have the genome you were born with. Project aims to chart impact of new mutations 2023-08-15T04:00:00Z Reproductive cloning of animals uses a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. Dubai camel cloning caters to races, beauty pageants 2023-05-25T04:00:00Z A somatic cell contains two matched sets of chromosomes, a configuration known as diploid. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Gray’s appearance was designed to underscore the rapid clinical advances in somatic cell gene editing—making noninheritable changes to a person’s DNA—and redirect attention away from the controversial prospect of heritable changes. Gene-editing summit touts sickle cell success, while questions on embryo editing linger 2023-03-12T05:00:00Z Figure 16.1 The genetic content of each somatic cell in an organism is the same, but not all genes are expressed in every cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some ethicists argue that we should distinguish between somatic cell interventions and germ-line interventions when discussing the morality of human genetic modification. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z The human is a diploid organism, having 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes in each of the somatic cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 6.2 There are 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes in a female human somatic cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The idea was to use a technology that didn’t exist when the zoo had stored the samples: somatic cell nuclear transfer. In a conservation first, a cloned ferret could help save her species 2022-01-13T05:00:00Z Body cells are called somatic cells and have double the number of chromosomes found in reproductive cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In somatic cell interventions, genetic changes cannot be inherited or passed to a patient’s offspring. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z While all somatic cells contain the exact same genome, different cell types only express some of those genes at any given time. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes consisting of two sets of 22 homologous chromosomes and a pair of nonhomologous sex chromosomes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z That finding suggested the plants were somehow eliminating harmful mutations in their somatic cells and accumulating beneficial ones for their reproductive cells. Meet the monkeyflower, a weed that may hold the key to zebra stripes and other biological mysteries 2019-08-29T04:00:00Z It is not active in adult somatic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Moreover, there is no objection to using gene editing in somatic cells to treat an individual patient in a way that does not pass along those changes. NIH and top scientists call for moratorium on gene-edited babies 2019-03-13T04:00:00Z A homologous pair of chromosomes is the two copies of a single chromosome found in each somatic cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Telomerase is not active in adult somatic cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Most of the scientific community strongly supports editing somatic cells to treat diseases including sickle cell anemia, Huntington’s disease and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Scientists Call for a Moratorium on Editing Inherited Genes 2019-03-13T04:00:00Z Mutations can affect either somatic cells or germ cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z And they stress that they are not calling for a moratorium on genome editing of somatic cells, which would not affect future generations. A controversial new call to ban editing and implanting human embryos 2019-03-13T04:00:00Z What special features are evident in sperm cells but not in somatic cells, and how do these specializations function? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z While all somatic cells within an organism contain the same DNA, not all cells within that organism express the same proteins. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But Wei notes that the same national approval will now be required for clinical research relying on editing somatic cells, such as those in the blood, that are not passed on to future generations. China tightens its regulation of some human gene editing, labeling it ‘high-risk’ 2019-02-28T05:00:00Z If many mutations accumulate in a somatic cell, they may lead to problems such as the uncontrolled cell division observed in cancer. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Genome editing in somatic cells holds promise for treating many genetic diseases. CRISPR twins: a condemnation from Chinese academic societies 2018-12-18T05:00:00Z But all these cases involved gene editing of so-called somatic cells, not sperm or eggs; such changes are not passed on to the patient’s children. CRISPR bombshell: Chinese researcher claims to have created gene-edited twins 2018-11-26T05:00:00Z Adult somatic cells that undergo cell division continue to have their telomeres shortened. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Conversely, does the level of OTX2 affect the fitness of somatic cells? How to lose your inheritance 2018-10-02T04:00:00Z The nematode C.elegans has roughly 1000 somatic cells and scientists have studied the fate of each of these cells during their development in the nematode life cycle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A cloned toy poodle produced from somatic cells derived from an aged female dog. The Hidden Dogs of Dog Cloning 2018-03-10T05:00:00Z And it all began with Dolly the sheep: she was cloned in 1996 using a method called somatic cell nuclear transfer. These cute monkey clones might be the key to better human medicine 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z In 1996, Dolly the sheep became the first mammal cloned using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. Monkey Clones Created in the Lab. Now What? 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z The cloned macaque monkeys are the latest application of a test-tube technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer pioneered 20 years ago with the creation of the cloned sheep named Dolly. China Breaks a Cloning Barrier: Primates 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z Human somatic cells consist of 46 chromosomes—22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But, Lovell-Badge added, given the success of somatic cell nuclear transfer in other animals, it was not surprising that the method worked in macaques. Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua: first primates born using Dolly the sheep cloning method 2018-01-24T05:00:00Z But using this method, called somatic cell nuclear transfer, on humans could be extremely unsafe, because the clone could have serious developmental disorders, Knoepfler says. Orphan Black is ending, but how far has human cloning come? 2017-08-11T04:00:00Z In contrast to normal tissues, which are composed of multiple somatic cell clones, a breast cancer derives from a single somatic cell. Somatic mutations reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human embryo : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z He argued that people who develop the other form are born with two normal alleles, both of which must become mutated in two 'sporadic' events in somatic cells, so the cancer develops later in life. Alfred G. Knudson (1922-2016) : Nature : Nature Research 2016-08-23T04:00:00Z Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes and are diploid, whereas gametes have half as many chromosomes as found in somatic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z I thought, at least in theory, we should be able to reprogram somatic cells back into the embryonic state so we can make ES-like stem cells directly from skin or blood cells. Dolly at 20: The inside story on the world’s most famous sheep 2016-06-28T04:00:00Z The summit statement acknowledged the many “promising and valuable” uses for gene editing of somatic cells — which don’t transmit the human genome to succeeding generations. It’s too early for gene-editing of human reproductive cells, experts conclude 2015-12-03T05:00:00Z Several scientists expressed concern on Tuesday the germline controversy might hamper research on non-reproductive cells, known as somatic cells, that could potentially help people with inherited or infectious diseases. Too early to use gene editing in embryos: scientist 2015-12-02T05:00:00Z And because the germline mutation affects all somatic cells, these children are more prone to developing multiple tumours in both eyes. Alfred G. Knudson (1922-2016) : Nature : Nature Research 2016-08-23T04:00:00Z In somatic cells, an enzyme called telomerase no longer functions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The different consequences of human genome modification in either somatic cells or the germ line, and the modification of the ecosystem through gene drives, call for different ethical and policy evaluations. Regulate gene editing in wild animals 2015-05-11T04:00:00Z Key to all discussion and future research is making a clear distinction between genome editing in somatic cells and in germ cells. Don’t edit the human germ line 2015-03-11T04:00:00Z Cancer is a disease potentiated by mutations in somatic cells. Cell-of-origin chromatin organization shapes the mutational landscape of cancer : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z He reported in May 2013 using the Dolly technique, known more formally as somatic cell nuclear transfer, to derive stem cells from cloned human embryos, including from a baby with an inherited disorder. Stem cell pioneer joins forces with stem cell fraudster 2015-02-10T05:00:00Z No, the mutations causing the cancer are in somatic cells, not reproductive germ cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The judges wrote that the plaintiffs, rancher Jason Abraham and veterinarian Gregg Veneklasen, failed to prove that the organization's stud registry committee colluded to bar horses created through somatic cell nuclear transfer, or cloning. U.S. court rules horse association free to reject clones from registry 2015-01-15T05:00:00Z In general, researchers who want to investigate the clinical uses of genetically engineered somatic cells must secure people’s informed consent. Don’t edit the human germ line 2015-03-11T04:00:00Z Once the somatic cell nucleus is in place, a lab worker uses electricity to fuse the nucleus and oocyte together into a reconstructed embryo that’s implanted into a surrogate mother. For $100,000, You Can Clone Your Dog 2014-10-22T04:00:00Z This cloning method, called somatic cell nuclear transfer, can be used only on species for which we have cellular material. The Mammoth Cometh 2014-02-27T10:00:19Z No, UV light only affects adult, somatic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As researchers seek to duplicate Obokata’s methods and results on their own, it remains to be seen whether the process will work for human somatic cells. New Approach To Reprogramming May Speed Up Delivery Of Stem Cells 2014-01-30T17:28:00Z Our results provide a genetic identikit of an ancient dog and demonstrate the robustness of mammalian somatic cells to survive for millennia despite a massive mutation burden. [Report] Transmissable Dog Cancer Genome Reveals the Origin and History of an Ancient Cell Lineage 2014-01-23T19:26:41.142Z In a sense, the somatic cells sacrifice their genetic "immortality" to protect the germ-line cells. Debate on Evolution of Multicellular Organisms Starts to Gain Focus 2013-09-30T22:45:00.843Z But alongside several outstanding research groups at Cardiff University, I will also aim to advance research using embryonic stem cells and reprogrammed somatic cells to advance understanding of neuronal dysfunction. Science plan lands 'star' researcher 2013-06-17T06:07:03Z A typical body cell, or somatic cell, contains two matched sets of chromosomes, a configuration known as diploid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z We designed a strategy for investigating this reprogramming, which consisted of identifying a large number of tissue-restricted genes that are epigenetically silenced in normal somatic cells and then detecting their expression in cancer. [Research Articles] Ectopic Activation of Germline and Placental Genes Identifies Aggressive Metastasis-Prone Lung Cancers 2013-05-22T18:55:05.923Z Many in genetics and aging research speak about two different kinds of cells: somatic cells and the germ line cells mentioned earlier. Prolonging the buzz with Grandma 2013-05-22T12:45:03.507Z As expected, they wrote, somatic cell nuclei introduced into cytoplasts under these conditions developed into normal blastocysts. Viable Human Embryonic Stem Cells Created By Cloning 2013-05-17T12:47:40Z Man has probably 16 chromosomes in the somatic cell, and the mature male and female germ cells in man contribute eight chromosomes each to the nucleus of the impregnated ovum. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z Figure 10.3 There are 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes in a female human somatic cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Those genes that helped somatic cells live longer and age more slowly maintained the quality of the cell's membranes and proteins. Egg Timer: Separate Biological Clocks Govern Female Fertility and Life Span 2011-12-06T00:15:09.730Z "This study shows that the conventional approach to somatic cell nuclear transfer is inefficient in humans," said Professor Mary Herbert of Newcastle University and Newcastle Fertility Center. Scientists use cloning to make human stem cells 2011-10-05T17:18:21Z Put in another way the body, or somatic cells, contribute absolutely nothing to the original material or germ-plasm of which the germ-cells are composed. Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z From this germinal protoplasm, which makes the germ-cells, he distinguishes the somatic protoplasm which makes the mortal, somatic cells. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z Body cells are called somatic cells and have the same number of chromosomes as reproductive cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The law banned human cloning, although after a review in 2005 the law was amended the next year to allow therapeutic cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer. Australia Stem Cell Regs Withstand Scrutiny 2011-07-08T16:21:55Z Taken together, these results indicate that human iPSs like hESCs and in contrast to somatic cells, rely more on glycolysis than on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. [Editors' Choice] A Curious Case of Cellular Metabolism 2011-07-06T20:25:30.993Z The delicate cells of the brain become fatigued by sympathy with the somatic cells and it is harder to secure those nervous connections necessary for thought. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z In his opinion, somatic cells and germ-cells were sharply distinct at their first appearance in evolution, and have remained so ever since. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z Gametes contain half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Australian researchers have so far generated over 50 embryonic stem cell lines from surplus embryos, and three research groups have been licensed to attempt somatic cell nuclear transfer. Australia Stem Cell Regs Withstand Scrutiny 2011-07-08T16:21:55Z "This reopens the whole need for SCNT, which will be controversial," said Lanza, of Advanced Cell Technology, referring to somatic cell nuclear transfer, the scientific term for cloning. Stem-cell rejection shocks scientists 2011-05-14T04:24:22Z These are the products of the somatic cells; the disease lies deeper in their germinal constitution. The Social Direction of Evolution An Outline of the Science of Eugenics The phyletic origin of the somatic cells depended directly upon an unequal separation of the determinants contained in the germplasm. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z Somatic cells have 23 chromosomes and are diploid, whereas gametes have half as many chromosomes are are present in somatic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Equatorial plate from a somatic cell of a male larva, 23 chromosomes. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part II In order to determine the number and character of the chromosomes in the male somatic cells, several male pupæ were sectioned. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part I It is to nature what in Weismann's theory the germ plasm is to the somatic cell. Monophysitism Past and Present A Study in Christology The twofold nature of the process of development is a cardinal point in his theory, linked to his doctrine of immortality for unicellular organisms and germ-cells and mortality for somatic cells. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z It is well known how Weismann was led, by his hypothesis of the continuity of the germ-plasm, to regard the germinal cells—ova and spermatozoa—as almost independent of the somatic cells. Creative Evolution No male somatic cells were found in mitosis, but they would, if found, show the same conditions as in the spermatogonia. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part II Equatorial plate from dividing somatic cell of male pupa, showing 19 large and 1 small chromosome. 205-206. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part I The somatic cells probably lost their immortal qualities, on this immortality becoming useless to the species. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays The somatic cells, on the other hand, are endowed only with fragments of germplasm, and hence they are incapable of preserving the species, and are doomed to death. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z These somatic cells, being mortal, differ altogether from the germ-cells and the protozoa. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 As in several of the forms studied, material was collected for examination of the somatic cells, but no favorable cases of mitosis were to be found. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part II The sex glands are especially important as endocrine organs; in fact the somatic cells are organized around the germ cells, as pointed out above. Taboo and Genetics A Study of the Biological, Sociological and Psychological Foundation of the Family He bases the appearance of death on variations in the reproductive cells, encouraged by the ceaseless action of natural selection, which led to a differentiation into perishable somatic cells and immortal reproductive cells. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Between somatic cells and reproductive cells Weismann places a gulf that cannot be bridged. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z But, 2, there are nutritive, somatic cells, which nourish and transport the germ-cells, and after their discharge die. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 This would seem to be a favorable form for determining the chromosome conditions in somatic cells, but no clear equatorial plates were found in either larvæ or pupæ. Studies in Spermatogenesis Part II Moreover, we have seen from the evidence given in my preceding article that the germ-cells issuing from a parent’s body can, and do, respond to profound impressions made on the somatic cells. The Humour of Homer and Other Essays Here we have again merely the same influence, chemical in this case, acting simultaneously on somatic cells and germ-cells, which is not the inheritance of acquired characters at all. Hormones and Heredity The reproductive cells, like unicellular organisms, are regarded as immortal, the somatic cells as mortal. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z The germ-plasm contains representatives of the whole army; a somatic cell only representatives of one special arm of a special training. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 Between somatic cells and reproductive cells there is no strong contrast, no gulf that cannot be bridged. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z The latter he regarded as arising directly from the egg-cell, and never from somatic cells. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z Other cases occur in which the number of chromosomes in the somatic cells is double the ordinary number—namely, 28—and others in which the number is 21. Hormones and Heredity From this point of view, the immortality of unicellular organisms and of the germplasm breaks down, and, above all, the artificial distinction between somatic cells and reproductive cells. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z It is no explanation, therefore, to say that these various organs and characters are the expression of sex in the somatic cells. Hormones and Heredity |
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