| 单词 | silicate |
| 例句 | We know that the surface is dominated by silicates, which are relatively light and not heavy enough to account for the planet’s overall density. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z The lack of craters and mountains strongly suggests that a thick ice crust, perhaps 100 kilometers deep, jackets the silicate interior. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z Invented in Cincinnati in 1913 by engineers Daniel O'Conor and Herbert Faber, Formica laminate was designed to be an electrical insulator, to serve as a replacement for the silicate mineral mica – hence "for mica". Formica turns 100 2013-01-17T10:18:40Z It contains something called Youth Boosting Technology, a concoction of ceramide 3, hyaluronic acid, microspheres of magnesium silicate, and silica, among other plant and nutritional supplements. Skin Deep: Promises From the Powder Room 2013-05-06T20:52:57Z CleanTok is in love with The Pink Stuff – a rosy cleaning paste that’s made from baking soda, quartz, sodium silicate and soap. TikTok made you buy it: A selection of viral, gifty finds 2021-11-27T05:00:00Z In this case, the clouds consist of small silicate particles, a familiar substance for humans found in many parts of the world as the primary constituent of sand. James Webb Space Telescope detects water vapor, sulfur dioxide and sand clouds in the atmosphere of a nearby exoplanet 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z The study’s authors say that micrometer-size fine silicate dust lingered as long as 15 years in the atmosphere after the impact and contributed to the global cooling. Dust Might Have Snuffed Out the Dinosaurs 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z An international team of researchers discovered the presence of a molten silicate layer overlying Mars' metallic core -- providing new insights into how Mars formed, evolved and became the barren planet it is today. Scientists discover molten layer covering Martian core 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z Until now, it's been challenging to recreate the extreme conditions in these molten rock materials, called silicate melts, to measure the spin state of iron. Researchers probe molten rock to crack Earth's deepest secrets 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z Remnants of the mantle rocks that helped form the keel can be found in tiny silicate and sulfide inclusions hidden inside these superdeep diamonds. Superdeep diamonds provide a window on supercontinent growth 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z In contrast to Earth’s atmosphere, where water freezes at low temperatures, in gaseous planets reaching temperatures around 1000 degrees Celsius, silicate particles can freeze out to form clouds. James Webb Space Telescope detects water vapor, sulfur dioxide and sand clouds in the atmosphere of a nearby exoplanet 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z "But what we’re seeing instead are likely the building blocks of those, the tiny seed particles need to form the larger silicate grains we detect in cooler exoplanets and brown dwarfs." JWST Detects Quartz Crystals in an Exoplanet’s Atmosphere 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z They believe it’s brimming with iron, nickel and other metals, and quite possibly silicates, with a dull, predominantly gray surface likely covered with fine metal grains from cosmic impacts. NASA spacecraft launched to mysterious and rare metal asteroid in first mission of its kind 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z What’s more, studies of light reflected from Psyche suggest it isn’t purely metal but probably contains some carbonaceous material, a typical asteroid ingredient, and rocky silicate minerals. NASA launches spacecraft to a mysterious metal-rich asteroid 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z This could then be compared to how much CO2 could be drawn down by natural rock weathering of silicate minerals. Ancient carbon in rocks releases as much carbon dioxide as the world's volcanoes 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z "The ash contains fractions of minerals, silicate glass and pores, but the expected composition and properties produced in eruptions are poorly defined," Hornby said. Volcanic ash effects on Earth systems 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z Quartz is a form of silicate, which are minerals rich in silica and oxygen. JWST Detects Quartz Crystals in an Exoplanet’s Atmosphere 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z He cited testimony that Johns Manville enjoyed much higher gross margins on calcium silicate than on other products where it faced more competition. Berkshire's Johns Manville unit to face revived antitrust lawsuit 2023-08-21T04:00:00Z "If we really want to have an impact on the carbon footprint, we need to address soda lime silicate," says Prof Mauro. The eco-friendly glass that's hard to crack 2023-08-17T04:00:00Z "The finer silicate grains in its atmosphere may be more like tiny particles in smoke," Biller said. Webb spots water, methane and sand on a massive exoplanet 2023-03-24T04:00:00Z Volcanic ash is formed from minerals trapped in a silicate glass, as shown here under a microscope. Volcanic ash effects on Earth systems 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z Silicates are exceptionally common — all the rocky bodies in the solar system are made from them, and silicates have previously been detected in the atmospheres of hot Jupiter exoplanets before. JWST Detects Quartz Crystals in an Exoplanet’s Atmosphere 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z The appeals court also upheld the dismissal of a claim that Johns Manville might have tied sales of other products to distributors agreeing not to buy TPS' calcium silicate. Berkshire's Johns Manville unit to face revived antitrust lawsuit 2023-08-21T04:00:00Z The silicate material that makes up the bulk of a mantle is crystalline, and there can be flaws and breaks in the crystal pattern. Volcanic Activity on Mars Upends Red Planet Assumptions 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z Loeb pointed to the data showing that the exoplanet has silicate clouds. Webb spots water, methane and sand on a massive exoplanet 2023-03-24T04:00:00Z The silicate material making up the bulk of a mantle is crystalline, and there can be flaws and breaks in the crystal pattern. Volcanic Activity on Mars Upends Red Planet Assumptions 2023-01-05T05:00:00Z Grant explained how crystals of silicate come to be embedded in a planetary atmosphere in the first place. JWST Detects Quartz Crystals in an Exoplanet’s Atmosphere 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z More minerals with silicate minerals in them get exposed to CO2, they turn into clay, they pull the CO2 out of the atmosphere. The Medea Hypothesis: Does life on Earth sow the seeds of its own extinction? 2022-12-19T05:00:00Z A complex process known as silicate weathering then removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and buries it at the bottom of the ocean. Is Earth a self-regulating organism? New study suggests our planet has a built-in climate control 2022-11-21T05:00:00Z "We've identified silicates, but a better understanding of which grain sizes and shapes match specific types of clouds is going to take a lot of additional work," Miles said. Webb spots water, methane and sand on a massive exoplanet 2023-03-24T04:00:00Z In addition to the silicate, the James Webb Space Telescope found that VHS 1256 b's atmosphere also has carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, potassium, sodium and water. A gallery of all the planets that the Webb Telescope has observed so far 2022-09-15T04:00:00Z Suppose you discovered a diamond completely encased in a silicate rock. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The Galileo data show that most of the volcanism on Io consists of hot silicate lava, like the volcanoes on Earth. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z It may have been a mix of randomness and feedback loops like silicate weathering that influenced Earth's temperature in the past. Is Earth a self-regulating organism? New study suggests our planet has a built-in climate control 2022-11-21T05:00:00Z The Webb observations also reveal areas rich in hydrocarbons and silicate dust, which form the spokes connecting the inner and outer ring. The Webb Telescope Captures a Stunning View of the Cartwheel Galaxy 2022-08-04T04:00:00Z If this buried ocean is in direct contact with underlying layers of silicate rock—something only a seismometer can readily reveal—it could have been fed nutrients that may have allowed life to arise. Seismic Missions Could Reveal the Solar System’s Underworlds 2022-07-28T04:00:00Z Silica gel, a colloidal dispersion of hydrated silicon dioxide, is formed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of sodium silicate. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The first materials to form solid grains were the metals and various rock-forming silicates. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z This is because temperatures near the Sun were too high for ice to form, but silicate minerals and metals could solidify. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Based on the silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, the crystal structure of silicates reflects the fact that silicon and oxygen are the top two of Earth’s most abundant elements. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The dense iron in the planetesimals would have sunk to the core of the molten proto-Earth, while lighter silicate rocks rose like oil on water to form the mantle. Scientists are probing the secrets of Earth’s inner core—and how it saved life on our planet 2022-03-30T04:00:00Z By including small amounts of other compounds, it is possible to modify the physical properties of the silicate materials to produce ceramics with useful characteristics. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As the temperature dropped, these were joined throughout much of the solar nebula by sulfur compounds and by carbon- and water-rich silicates, such as those now found abundantly among the asteroids. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Heating melted Earth, causing molten metal to sink to Earth’s centre and form a core, and silicate melt to float to the surface and form the mantle and crust. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Temperatures were very high close to the center, only allowing condensation of metals and silicate minerals with high melting points. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z They saw a lot of silicates, minerals found on rocky bodies throughout the solar system — and follow-up observations confirmed that Kamoʻoalewa’s silicates looked a lot like those found on the moon. A Missing Piece of the Moon May Be Following Earth Around the Sun 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z These metals primarily occur in minerals, with lithium found in silicate or phosphate minerals, and sodium and potassium found in salt deposits from evaporation of ancient seas and in silicates. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Early in its evolution, it apparently lost part of its silicate mantle, probably due to one or more giant impacts. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The simplest silicate structure, that of the mineral olivine, is composed of isolated tetrahedra bonded to iron and/or magnesium ions. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Micas and clays are common types of sheet silicates, also known as phyllosilicates. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The mineral, calcium silicate perovskite, only forms under the incredibly high pressures that occur deep in the earth. New Mineral Discovered in Deep-Earth Diamond 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z The alkaline earth metals occur as silicates and, with the exception of beryllium, as carbonates and sulfates. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Many of them are composed of light-colored gray silicates with some metallic grains mixed in, but there is also an important group of darker stones called carbonaceous meteorites. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z This allows them to substitute for each other in some silicate minerals. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Other sheet silicates include serpentine and chlorite, found in metamorphic rocks. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z So researchers had assumed it would be impossible to retrieve naturally occurring calcium silicate perovskite from the mantle. New Mineral Discovered in Deep-Earth Diamond 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z In nearly all silicates, sp3-hybridized silicon atoms occur at the centers of tetrahedra with oxygen at the corners. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These small bodies collide at high speeds, shatter, and produce tiny particles of silicate dust and ices that can keep the disk supplied with the debris from these collisions. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In fact, the common ions in silicate minerals have a wide range of sizes, as shown in Figure 2.11. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Together with quartz, these minerals are classified as framework silicates. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z So it was a surprise when he and his colleagues, analyzing imperfections in a diamond from Orapa, Botswana, found three minuscule specks of calcium silicate perovskite. New Mineral Discovered in Deep-Earth Diamond 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z The slag is mostly calcium silicate and contains most of the commercially unimportant components of the ore: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Such studies reveal that Earth has a metal core and a silicate mantle. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Higher than normal rates of weathering of rocks with silicate minerals, especially feldspar, consumes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and therefore reduces the greenhouse effect, resulting in long-term cooling. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Hydrolysis is the main process that breaks down silicate rock and creates clay minerals. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Calcium silicate is found in other forms, including wollastonite in the crust and breyite in the middle and lower regions of the mantle. New Mineral Discovered in Deep-Earth Diamond 2021-11-11T05:00:00Z Magnesium is in seawater and, along with the heavier alkaline earth metals, occurs as silicates, carbonates, and sulfates. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Although all three orbit in roughly the same inner zone around the Sun and all apparently started with about the same chemical mix of silicates and metals, their evolutionary paths have diverged. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z As Earth grew, it collected a mixture of silicate mineral grains as well as iron and nickel. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This silicon-oxygen tetrahedron forms bonds with many other combinations of ions to form the large group of silicate minerals. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z In the intervening time, chemistry worked its magic and silicate minerals replaced the cellulose in the wood, while solidifying the record of growth. Why Geology Is Our Destiny 2021-06-22T04:00:00Z Removal of the passivation layer allows the base to dissolve the silicon, forming hydrogen gas and silicate anions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Here, the dark carbon compounds are missing, resulting in higher reflectivity and clearer spectral signatures of silicate minerals. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z That changed when Earth began to heat up: it got so hot that both the silicate minerals and the metals melted. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Weathering of silicate minerals converts atmospheric carbon dioxide to dissolved bicarbonate, which is stored in the oceans for thousands to tens of thousands of years. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Sartbaeva, whose previous research focused on the structure of porous silicate materials, thought silica might be able to create a protective molecular cage around the vaccine’s proteins, preventing them from unfolding in the heat. Here’s how scientists are designing vaccines that can ditch the fridge 2021-04-21T04:00:00Z Hydrofluoric acid is the only common acid that will react with silicon dioxide or silicates. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It seems that much of the “dirt” in the dirty snowball is dark, primitive hydrocarbons and silicates, rather like the material thought to be present on the dark, primitive asteroids. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The metal melt was much denser than the silicate mineral melt, so the metal melt sank to Earth’s centre to become its core, and the silicate melt rose upward to become Earth’s crust and mantle. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z These combinations and others create the chemical structure in which positively charged ions can be inserted for unique chemical compositions forming silicate mineral groups. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z "Such conversion of mineralogy to diamond and silicates would decrease the density of carbon-rich planet, making the converted planets distinct from silicate planets in mass–radius relations for the 2–8 Earth mass range." Alien planets in deep space could be made of diamonds, researchers suggest 2020-09-20T04:00:00Z In addition, the presence of a variety of cations gives rise to the large number of silicate minerals. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The second most populous group is the S-type asteroids, where “S” stands for a stony or silicate composition. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The movement of silicate and metal melts within Earth caused it to heat up even more. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Biotite mica has more iron and magnesium and is considered a ferromagnesian silicate mineral. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z When crushed basalt or other silicate material is added to soil, it slowly dissolves and reacts with CO2 to form carbonates. Removal of atmospheric CO2 by rock weathering holds promise for mitigating climate change 2020-07-07T04:00:00Z Silver nitrate is used to create mirrors, zirconium silicate provides friction in automotive brakes, and many important cancer-fighting agents, like the drug cisplatin and related species, are platinum compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is as if the Moon were composed of the same silicates as Earth’s mantle and crust, with the metals and the volatiles selectively removed. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z When Theia slammed into Earth, Theia’s metal core merged with Earth’s core, and debris from the outer silicate layers was cast into space, forming a ring of rubble around Earth. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Clay minerals are composed of hydrous aluminum silicates. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Beerling et al.1 demonstrate that enhanced rock weathering, achieved by adding crushed basalt or other silicate material to soil, is an effective strategy for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.Credit: Removal of atmospheric CO2 by rock weathering holds promise for mitigating climate change 2020-07-07T04:00:00Z A mild solution of hydrofluoric acid would dissolve the silicate and would not harm the diamond. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The most likely models for Mercury’s interior suggest a metallic iron-nickel core amounting to 60% of the total mass, with the rest of the planet made up primarily of silicates. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z All of the sheet silicate minerals also have water in their structure. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The silicates are largest group of minerals on Earth, by number of varieties and relative quantity, making up a large portion of the crust and mantle. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z At the surface, meanwhile, an atmosphere of vaporized silicate rock resulting from that impact gradually showered the moon, contaminating it with material from Earth. Apollo Rock Samples Heat Up Moon Formation Debate 2020-03-09T04:00:00Z In other words, with less vegetated landscapes, the removal of atmospheric CO2 by silicate rock weathering would see less ‘push back’ on short timescales. The Real Riverworld 2019-12-14T05:00:00Z However, astronomers think that Mercury should have formed with roughly the same ratio of metal to silicate as that found on Earth or Venus. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Some silicate minerals include iron or magnesium and are called ferromagnesian silicates. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z As covered in Chapter 2, these hydrated forms are created when water ions bond with the crystal structure of silicate minerals. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z At the same time, the fine sediment scraped from glaciers, including silicate and carbonate, when tossed along in the rushing waters, begins the geological process known as chemical weathering. Glacial rivers absorb carbon faster than rainforests, scientists find 2019-10-25T04:00:00Z After all, old rings should be much more “polluted” with silicates, organic molecules and other compounds. Saturn’s Rings May Be Ancient After All 2019-09-17T04:00:00Z The most probable explanation for Mercury’s silicate loss may be similar to the explanation for the Moon’s lack of a metal core. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Some of the important chemical weathering processes are hydrolysis of silicate minerals to form clay minerals, oxidation of iron in silicate and other minerals to form iron oxide minerals, and dissolution of calcite. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The dissolved minerals are usually ions that do not fit snugly in the silicate crystal structure, such as copper. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z So, the city turned to an approved chemical, sodium silicate, that prevents corrosion and the leaching of lead from pipes into water. Tainted Water, Ignored Warnings and a Boss With a Criminal Past 2019-08-24T04:00:00Z Having formed near the birth of the solar system, it probably once had a silicate rocky shell surrounding a metallic core. NASA to Seek Iron-Spewing Volcanoes at Psyche 2019-04-25T04:00:00Z It is made almost entirely of silicates like those in Earth’s mantle and crust. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Zeolites are silicate minerals that typically form during low-grade metamorphism of volcanic rocks. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A third non-foliated rock is hornfels identified by its dense, fine-grained, hard, blocky or splintery texture composed of several silicate minerals. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z But the increased acidity seemed to reduce the effectiveness of the sodium silicate. Tainted Water, Ignored Warnings and a Boss With a Criminal Past 2019-08-24T04:00:00Z Magnesium silicates are not as widely available as the building blocks of concrete, for instance, limiting their appeal. Ply in the sky: the new materials to take us beyond concrete | Fiona Harvey 2019-02-27T05:00:00Z The most abundant rocks, called silicates, are made of silicon and oxygen, and the most common metal is iron. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The surface of most silicate mineral grains has a slight negative charge due to imperfections in the mineral structure. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Luminescence dating measures the time elapsed since some silicate minerals, such as coarse-sediments of silicate minerals, were last exposed to light or heat at the surface of Earth. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Whether one impact or a few, those collisions would have melted Earth's silicate crust, an event that appears to be recorded in data on isotopes of uranium and lead, according to Mojzsis. How an ancient cataclysm may have jump-started life on Earth 2019-01-10T05:00:00Z For example, growing biomass fuel instead of food, seeding the oceans with iron or covering vast tracts of land with crushed silicate stones to enhance weathering would affect communities, agriculture and ecosystems. Daily briefing: The cruel and futile war on obesity 2018-09-20T04:00:00Z Earth, Venus, and Mars all have roughly similar bulk compositions: about one third of their mass consists of iron-nickel or iron-sulfur combinations; two thirds is made of silicates. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The separation of silicate minerals and metals into a rocky outer layer and a metallic core, respectively, is called differentiation. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Some of these electrons get trapped in the crystal lattice of silicate minerals like quartz. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Covering an area twice the size of the United States with crushed silicate stones to enhance weathering would affect communities, agriculture and ecosystems. Don’t deploy negative emissions technologies without ethical analysis 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z Within the inclusions, Smith identified the remnants of calcium silicates and other minerals that form only at extreme high pressure. The Hope Diamond was spawned in the most hellish depths of Earth, study suggests 2018-08-01T04:00:00Z When we look at the internal structure of each of the terrestrial planets, we find that the densest metals are in a central core, with the lighter silicates near the surface. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z This structure is the building block of the many important silicate minerals. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z If the supply of silicates at the surface grows, an increase in weathering might effectively scrub the atmosphere of CO2, leading to a decrease in global temperatures5. Doubt cast on how the pace of global glacial erosion responds to climate cooling 2018-07-03T04:00:00Z Unlike glass, which is cheaper to produce from recycled glass than from silicate, plastics are hard to sort and recycle economically in Europe, especially when oil prices are low. EU plea to industry to reuse more plastic lacks bite 2018-06-29T04:00:00Z About 94 percent are stony meteorites, which are composed of the same stuff that’s in beach sand and microchips — silicate minerals like quartz and feldspar. The unlikely story of the meteorite feud that ended up a fugitive from the law 2018-06-25T04:00:00Z Second are the stones, the term used for any silicate or rocky meteorite. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z A silicate mineral is one in which silicon and oxygen are present as silica tetrahedra. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z All three types of crystals that the team studied—calcite, a form of calcium carbonate; cordierite, an iron- and magnesium-rich silicate; and tourmaline, a boron-rich silicate—worked well at intervals of 3 hours or less. Viking seafarers may have navigated with legendary crystals 2018-04-03T04:00:00Z "This particular silicate and the carbon originally started on the Earth's surface as ocean crust," he says. Never-Before-Seen Mineral Found Inside a 'Super Deep' Diamond 2018-03-08T05:00:00Z Spin crossover and iron-rich silicate melt in the Earth’s deep mantle. Hadean silicate differentiation preserved by anomalous 142Nd/144Nd ratios in the Réunion hotspot source 2018-02-27T05:00:00Z Shaw, H. R. Viscosities of magmatic silicate liquids: an empirical method of prediction. A compositional tipping point governing the mobilization and eruption style of rhyolitic magma 2017-12-12T05:00:00Z The vast majority of the minerals that make up the rocks of Earth’s crust are silicate minerals. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z An impact origin for hydrated silicates on Mars: a synthesis. Primordial clays on Mars formed beneath a steam or supercritical atmosphere 2017-12-05T05:00:00Z Our results demonstrate that the halogen depletion of bulk silicate Earth relative to primitive meteorites is consistent with the depletion of lithophile elements of similar volatility. Halogens in chondritic meteorites and terrestrial accretion 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z The data correlate with helium isotopic data, suggesting parallel behaviour of the isotopic systems during silicate differentiation, perhaps as early as 4.39 billion years ago. Hadean silicate differentiation preserved by anomalous 142Nd/144Nd ratios in the Réunion hotspot source 2018-02-27T05:00:00Z Iron isotopic fractionation between silicate mantle and metallic core at high pressure. Hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide and the origin of ultralow-velocity zones 2017-11-21T05:00:00Z In olivine, unlike most other silicate minerals, the silica tetrahedra are not bonded to each other. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Dr. Jones also experimented with whether plantlike forms could grow without gravity, putting them in a liquid solution of metal salt crystals and sodium silicate, known as a chemical garden. David E.H. Jones, Scientist Whose Alter Ego Challenged Conventions, Dies at 79 2017-07-30T04:00:00Z The ratios Br/Cl and I/Cl in all studied chondrites show a limited range, indistinguishable from bulk silicate Earth estimates. Halogens in chondritic meteorites and terrestrial accretion 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z To approximate Mars more closely, the researchers next deposited the cells within simulated rocks—actually silicate disks—in a dry perchlorate environment. Why Life on Mars May Be Impossible 2017-07-06T04:00:00Z The key conundrum is why the planet contains an outsized iron core and only a thin veneer of silicate rocks. BepiColombo: 'Last chance to see' Mercury mission - BBC News 2017-07-05T04:00:00Z Ionic radii are critical to the composition of silicate minerals, so we’ll be referring to this diagram again. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The researchers found a silicate mineral called phillipsite, which is common in volcanic rocks, with crystals of aluminium tobermorite growing from it. Seawater is the secret to long-lasting Roman concrete 2017-07-02T04:00:00Z The authors also find that the Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios in all the chondrites studied show a limited range, indistinguishable from bulk silicate Earth estimates. Halogens in chondritic meteorites and terrestrial accretion 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z It’s a long, columnar crystal made of silicate mineral. Inside Gwyneth Paltrow's first wellness summit, In Goop Health 2017-06-23T04:00:00Z Through the 1970s, the United States was one of the world’s top producers of asbestos, which is a set of naturally occurring silicate minerals. Opinion | Trump’s promise to bring back coal jobs is worse than a con 2017-05-02T04:00:00Z There is even more sharing of oxygens between adjacent tetrahedra and hence fewer charge-balancing cations are needed for sheet silicate minerals. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Cassini also found silicates and hydrogen, meaning there are energy sources beneath the moon’s surface, and the chemicals microbes are known to consume on Earth. Small Saturn moon has most conditions needed to sustain life, Nasa says 2017-04-13T04:00:00Z Grains of sand acquire electrostatic charge as they rub against each other, but on Earth this effect is generally negligible because gravity and a high density of heavy silicate particles minimize interactions between the particles. Planetary science: Titan's electrified dunes : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z Inclusions within the other 15 diamonds contained silicate minerals such as garnet. Earth’s rarest diamonds formed in pockets of liquid metal 2016-12-15T05:00:00Z The first depicts the silicate atmosphere concept, while the second depicts the concept of a more vaporized Earth. The planetary collision that formed the Moon may have been way more violent than we thought 2016-09-12T04:00:00Z In muscovite mica, the only cations present are aluminum and potassium; hence it is a non-ferromagnesian silicate mineral. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z But Hayabusa 1’s similar return capsule, carrying samples from a silicate asteroid, suffered an O-ring leak, contaminating its contents with earthly organics. NASA to sample asteroid for clues to life on Earth 2016-08-31T04:00:00Z Scattering certain types of stones known as silicates because they soak up carbon dioxide as they weather. These reactions to global warming might help, but they’re just too risky 2016-02-12T05:00:00Z An alternative would be to add pulverized reflective rock-like silicate to the soil surface. Massive Tree Farms May Be a Really Bad Climate Idea Another idea is to enhance weathering, which involves the absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere by certain silicate rocks. Emissions reduction: Scrutinize CO2 removal methods Both are sheet silicates and split easily into thin layers along planes parallel to the sheets. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A blob of sodium silicate had clogged up a test tube, so I heated it over an alcohol lamp, intending to melt it. How to Raise a Scientist in the Xbox Age 2015-12-15T05:00:00Z A younger volcanic deposit lying in the rock above these fossils includes zircons, tiny bits of silicate mineral that often contain trace amounts of uranium. Dinosaurs evolved much faster than previously thought 2015-12-07T05:00:00Z One example of a chemical pathway involves capture of CO2 by accelerating the weathering process of silicate rocks. Climate crisis: seaweed, coffee and cement could save the planet 2015-11-20T05:00:00Z The Virginia Department of General Services says the project includes recoating with a protective silicate mineral paint and repairs to the stucco exterior. Crews to make exterior repairs to Virginia Capitol 2015-04-20T04:00:00Z In classifying intrusive igneous rocks, the first thing to consider is the percentage of ferromagnesian silicates. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z However, only inorganic litter contains the mineral silicates needed for the job. Nuclear leak caused by 'wrong type of kitty litter,' confirms government report 2015-03-27T04:00:00Z Some metals and silicates from the dust cloud surrounding the young orb would preferentially settle onto the cool side, thickening that portion of the crust. Revisiting the Moon 2014-09-07T04:00:00Z The scientists found the fossils in Nama Group rocks, a series of layered carbonates and silicates deposited in an ancient ocean that covered what is now Namibia, hundreds of millions of years ago. Earliest skeletal animals were reef builders 2014-06-25T04:00:00Z The rice plant has a well-designed system for taking up silicon compounds, or silicate, which help strengthen the plant and give stiffness and shape to its stems. Poison Pen: The Trouble With Rice 2014-04-18T20:43:07Z These include oxides, sulphides, carbonates, silicates, and others. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The determination of the structure of silicate minerals was fundamental to the field of mineraology. Crystallography: Atomic secrets 2014-01-29T18:50:52.346Z Natural weathering locks up atmospheric carbon dioxide by means of chemical reactions between common silicate minerals and air. Rock’s power to mop up carbon revisited 2014-01-22T18:20:24.094Z The structure of silicates as we known them is limited mostly to long chains or sheets. Geologizing with Doctor Who 2013-11-24T12:45:00.480Z But that delivery system also inclines the plant to vacuum up arsenic compounds, which are unfortunately similar in structure to silicate. Poison Pen: The Trouble With Rice 2014-04-18T20:43:07Z Other silicate minerals can also go through hydrolysis, although the end results will be a little different. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z McCord says life may even exist today in a residual, liquid ocean near the top of the Ceres’ silicate core. Dwarf Planet Ceres May Harbor Life; NASA Spacecraft Enroute 2013-10-20T06:45:00Z Experiments on mixtures of silicate minerals and iron, cooked up in the laboratory, show that iron sits in tiny isolated lumps within the rock, remaining trapped and pinned at the junctions between the mineral grains. New ideas for how Earth core formed 2013-10-12T01:40:56Z It is a volcanic rock, containing silicate minerals. Science images from across the globe 2013-09-13T16:13:07Z Until the 1970s, the fibrous, silicate mineral was used extensively in fireproofing and insulating buildings in America, among other uses, but growing evidence of respiratory ailments due to asbestos exposure led to limits. City in Russia Unable to Kick Asbestos Habit 2013-07-13T16:34:16Z The oxidation of the iron in a ferromagnesian silicate starts with the dissolution of the iron. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z HD 189733b, the same thing evidently happens—except that it’s glassy silicate particles that do the scattering, not air, and there’s no ocean to enhance the effect through reflection. Found: A Blue Planet That Rains Glass 2013-07-12T15:20:28Z In fact, the phosphate binds with so many other elements—silicates, carbonates, sulfates, and the like—that it can be a tricky nutrient to add to soil. Can Soil Replace Oil as a Source of Energy? [Excerpt] 2013-04-05T18:15:00.207Z She and her colleagues took sediment cores and tracked when there were significant deposits of silicates. Ocean Circulation May Have Released CO2 at End of Ice Ages 2013-03-28T16:45:00.350Z Abell says the best estimates now are that the Russian object was initially a rocky silicate asteroid that almost certainly originated from the main asteroid belt. NASA Eager To Analyze Russian Meteor Fragments 2013-02-21T10:56:01Z The equation shown here is for olivine, but it could apply to almost any other ferromagnesian silicate, including pyroxene, amphibole, or biotite. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Indeed, Earth's rocks are mostly based on oxygen-rich minerals called silicates. Carbon Planets Turn Earth s Chemistry on its Head 2013-01-12T13:15:00.217Z Magnesium silicate perovskite is the major component of Earth’s lower mantle — the layer of molten rock between the crust and the core, which accounts for half the planet’s mass. The Mysterious Case of the Missing Noble Gas 2012-10-11T17:15:01.623Z Diatoms build their shells from silicate, Dr. Giosan noted, a compound found in soil. Green Blog: From Ancient Deforestation, a Delta Is Born 2012-09-14T14:33:06Z Cylinders, tanks and independent boilers should be encased in a non-conducting material such as silicate cotton, thick felt or asbestos composition. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z Carbon is extracted from the atmosphere during weathering of silicate minerals and this is eventually stored in the ocean and in sediments. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z HEMIMORPHITE, a mineral consisting of hydrous zinc silicate, H2Zn2SiO5, of importance as an ore of the metal, of which it contains 54.4%. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale reddish tint. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z The late experiments of Mr. Crosse seemed to show that insects were produced in silicate of potash under a long-continued action of voltaic electricity. Curiosities of Medical Experience 2012-03-09T03:00:20.410Z The mantle is made up of iron and magnesium silicate minerals. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Potash and soda are also valuable inorganic manures in the form of carbonates, sulphates, silicates and phosphates, but the most valuable is the nitrate of potash. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 7 "Horticulture" to "Hudson Bay" 2012-03-04T03:00:13.390Z It is a silicate of magnetism and calcium, with usually aluminium and iron. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z It is a silicate of magnesium, belonging to the chrysolite family. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z The properties of silicate of soda, as applied to the arts, are somewhat different from those of silicate of potash, so that one cannot always be substituted for the other. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z It is a “stony” meteorite that is dominated by ferromagnesian silicate minerals, and is similar in composition to Earth’s mantle. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z CYANITE, a native aluminium silicate, Al2SiO5, crystallizing in the anorthic system. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z A mineral of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in composition a silicate of alumina and soda. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z A mineral occurring in triclinic crystals approaching pyroxene in angle, and of a greenish black color.It is a silicate of iron, manganese, and lime. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z It has already been stated, that when carbonic acid is passed through a solution of silicate of soda, silica will be precipitated. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Gadolinite, gad′ō-lin-īt, n. a silicate of the yttrium and cerium metals, containing also beryllium and iron. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 2 of 4: E-M) 2012-01-11T03:00:23.770Z It is convenient to treat these glasses as “normal” glasses, but they are in reality mixtures of silicates, and cannot rightly be regarded as definite chemical compounds or represented by definite chemical formulae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The liquid silicate of potash, or of oxide of sodium, answers this purpose. Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.?No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 A Weekly Journal Of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, And Manufactures 2012-01-05T03:00:30.823Z Another application of soluble silicates in this or other forms is to render walls of buildings which are porous, waterproof. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Ha�yne, h�′win, n. a rock-forming mineral, a silicate of alumina and soda or lime, with sodium and calcium sulphate. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 2 of 4: E-M) 2012-01-11T03:00:23.770Z J. Hopkinson, working at Chance’s glass works, subsequently made an attempt to produce a titanium silicate glass, but nothing further resulted. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z One part, by weight, of gold, silver, or bronze powder, along with two parts of the silicate, will give a print color, which is easily transferable by rollers to paper, oilcloth, and woods and metals. Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.?No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 A Weekly Journal Of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, And Manufactures 2012-01-05T03:00:30.823Z The soluble silicates are frequently used as bonding materials in the manufacture of artificial stone and cement, very good results having been attained. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z The ratios of isotopes of oxygen in silicate and oxide minerals around the quasicrystal grain are typical of minerals found in meteorites called carbonaceous chondrites, the team reports. World's Only Known Natural Quasicrystal Traced to Ancient Meteorite 2012-01-03T21:45:21.237Z The term flint-glass is now understood to mean a glass composed of the silicates of potash and lead. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z The retort is held by its own weight in a socket on the foot, which socket is lined with a special refractory cement, made of silicate, asbestos forming the joint. Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants A Practice Treatise Setting Forth the Principles of Gas-Engines and Producer Design, the Selection and Installation of an Engine, Conditions of Perfect Operation, Producer-Gas Engines and Their Possibilities, the Care of Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants, with a Chapter on Volatile Hydrocarbon and Oil Engines 2011-12-28T03:00:31.087Z Given the comparable dimensions of both newfound planets and Earth, a similar composition of silicate and iron is a possibility for either world, the researchers say. It's a Small World: Kepler Spacecraft Discovers First Known Earth-Size Exoplanet 2011-12-20T18:15:00.213Z Some years ago, Mr. Ransome, of Ipswich, after having made his artificial stone with sand and silicate of soda, heated it in ovens, so as to produce a hard and semi-vitrified mass. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z The sodium oxide so formed combines with the silicates in the clay to form a very thin coat of refractory glass, intimately connected with the body. Pottery, for Artists Craftsmen & Teachers 2011-12-10T03:00:15.097Z Known as the carbonate silicate cycle, it regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, where it acts like a greenhouse — trapping heat and keeping the planet temperate and mostly stable. Life Out There: Scientists Are Hot on Trail of Exoplanets Suitable for Life 2011-12-03T04:00:20Z This compound is called silicate of aluminium, and of it are formed clay and many rocks. Marvels of Scientific Invention An Interesting Account in Non-technical Language of the Invention of Guns, Torpedoes, Submarine Mines, Up-to-date Smelting, Freezing, Colour Photography, and many other recent Discoveries of Science 2011-11-19T03:00:24.517Z Previous studies show the asteroid, which is blacker than charcoal, is what is called a C-type asteroid that is likely made of carbon-based materials and some silicate rock. Huge asteroid headed for close encounter with Earth 2011-11-04T18:50:55Z Soluble silicates produce very remarkable results when mixed with certain substances. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Thus, silica and alumina are combined to form the aluminous silicates, which enter so largely into the composition of the crust of the earth. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z The other was a radical change in the formula of the silicates. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z Magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, and silica are three inert pigments which proved to be of great value in strengthening and reinforcing paints, especially when they were used in small percentage. Paint Technology and Tests 2011-09-15T02:00:12.263Z Under the influence of the high temperature the silica of the crucible gradually decomposes the lead aluminate, forming lead silicate, which remains in the liquid state, and alumina, which crystallizes as white sapphire. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z If sulphate of copper be mixed with silicate of potash, silicate of copper will be precipitated. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z The silicates of magnesia, potash and soda constitute other important families of minerals. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z The effect of pressure on the silicates, however, is much smaller, and it is not so easy to explain a change of several hundred degrees in the F.P. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z China clay, or aluminum silicate, is a permanent and valuable white pigment showing very little hiding power in oil. Paint Technology and Tests 2011-09-15T02:00:12.263Z The present rate of production of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is about a hundred times the average rate of release of calcium and magnesium from the weathering of silicate rocks . A Concise Slice of Climate-Science History 2011-07-30T20:57:47Z Silicate of manganese is prepared in a similar way to the silicate of copper; silicate of cobalt, and other silicates, can be used as staining materials for colouring glass. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z For the most part they consist mainly of aluminous silicates, some of them being highly acid compounds with 75% or more of silica. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z It is very refractory, and is applied by mixing with water and some bond, such as sodium silicate or gas-tar. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Sienna, like umber, is essentially a silicate of iron and alumina, containing manganic oxide. Paint Technology and Tests 2011-09-15T02:00:12.263Z The presence of thorium, which is often found mixed with silicates, was the telltale marker of a particularly shallow volcano. Volcano on the moon's far side 2011-07-28T09:30:00Z With certain metallic oxides, silica forms coloured silicates or glasses; and these, when fused with colourless glasses, impart to them the colour of the silicate. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Jolliff and his team estimated the age of the moon's rare far side silicate volcanoes to be about 800 million years old. Rare Volcanoes Discovered On Far Side of the Moon 2011-07-26T20:15:05.467Z From such miniscule grains—sulfides and silicate in a new analysis—a pair of researchers is now proposing a date for the beginning of the modern plate tectonic cycle: 3 billion years ago. Flawed Diamonds Deliver Precious Details about Early Earth's Tectonics 2011-07-25T10:15:00.227Z Umber, another naturally occurring pigment, consists of iron and aluminum silicates, containing varying proportions of manganic oxide, its color and tone varying according to the percentage of the latter. Paint Technology and Tests 2011-09-15T02:00:12.263Z In all, the researchers analyzed nearly 4400 inclusions, the vast majority of which were made of silicates, the world's most common minerals. Deep Diamonds Shed Light on Ancient Continental Movements 2011-07-21T19:00:00Z A small quantity of silicate of soda mixed with hard water renders it valuable for washing purposes. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z In a study published online July 7 in Science, Matsuura and her co-authors reported that the supernova produced copious amounts of dust grains made of carbon, silicates and possibly iron. Supernovae Seed Galaxies with Massive Amounts of Dust 2011-07-07T20:15:02.380Z For the new paper, he and Richardson reviewed previously published analyses from the past 25 years on some 100 sulfide inclusions and more than 4,000 silicate inclusions. Flawed Diamonds Deliver Precious Details about Early Earth's Tectonics 2011-07-25T10:15:00.227Z All the felspars are silicates containing aluminium with some other metallic base or bases, generally potassium, sodium or calcium, rarely barium, but never magnesium or iron. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 2 "Fairbanks, Erastus" to "Fens" 2011-06-19T02:00:16.580Z Olivine is a magnesium iron silicate that exists throughout the universe — in distant galaxies and local comets — as well as in earthly jewelry stores, in a pristine, gem-quality form called peridot. NASA Telescope Sees Crystal Rain on an Infant Star 2011-05-30T09:00:00Z It has already been stated that glass is composed of a mixture of silicates, which are definite chemical compounds. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z The minerals containing lead are principally galenite or lead sulphate, cerussite or lead carbonate; while the zinc is contained in the minerals, sphalerite or zinc sulphide, calamine or zinc silicate, smithsonite or zinc carbonate, etc. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z Diop�side, a calcium magnesium silicate, of the pyroxene series, occurring in igneous rocks and altered limestones, with a vitreous lustre, and of a pale-green, or a greenish- or yellowish-white colour. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 1: Deposition to Eberswalde 2011-04-14T02:00:57.977Z It is a silicate of aluminium and the rare element glucinum or beryllium, which was detected in it by Vauquelin after it had been discovered by the same chemist in the beryl. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 2: Ebert to Estremadura 2011-04-14T02:00:56.200Z In particular one part of it - calcium silicate hydrate - refused all attempts to be analysed under an electron microscope or by nano-indentation. Concrete jungle 2011-04-11T23:03:27Z When solutions of aluminate of potash and of silicate of potash of greater density are mixed together, a jelly-like substance is almost immediately formed, and sometimes even the whole mass gelatinizes. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Most of the iron in igneous rocks is contained in mineral, usually silicates, and would be difficult to separate. North America 2011-05-05T02:00:20.027Z In the end, workers plugged the leak by using sodium silicate, which acts as a cement. Japan Nuclear Plant Operator Prepares to Inject Nitrogen 2011-04-06T09:22:53Z The chemist Fouqu� proved by analysis that it is a double silicate of calcium and copper. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 2: Ebert to Estremadura 2011-04-14T02:00:56.200Z The 584 substances in commonest use are:—lime or limestone, to slag off silica and silicates, fluor-spar for lead, calcium and barium sulphates and calcium phosphate, and silica for removing basic substances such as limestone. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z On a properly prepared ground, the painting was executed in colours mixed with water, which, when dry and the painting finished, were fixed to the wall by the application of soluble silicates. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z The solution of the question will depend rather upon the properties of the silicates of lime and magnesia at high temperatures, than upon the action of these silicates upon iron. The American Quarterly Review No. XVIII, June 1831 (Vol 9) 2011-04-02T02:00:12.460Z And the same is true of the silicates, the carbonates, the sulphates, the oxides, chlorides, fluorides, and other compounds which constitute the rocks of different ages. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z The three last-mentioned minerals—talc, serpentine, and chlorite—are all silicates of magnesia. Geology 2011-02-20T03:00:12.660Z Emery-wheels are made by consolidating the powdered mineral with an agglutinating medium like shellac or silicate of soda or vulcanized india-rubber. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Dr. Fuchs, of Munich, discovered a method of painting with soluble silicates, which has been tried with considerable success in Berlin by the late Professor Kaulbach. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z The exhibitor said it was a silicate of iron occurring in asbestos-like fibres. Asbestos Its production and use, with some account of the asbestos mines of Canada 2011-02-01T03:00:13.163Z Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral that is very hard, physically durable and chemically resistant to modification. Scientist at Work: Rocks, Zircon Zapping and a Big Shrimp 2011-01-07T21:02:35Z Cotton is impregnated with ferrous acetate, dried, aged and fixed with silicate of soda, then dyed in a neutral bath. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z While such rocky planets are forming, if there is less available carbon than oxygen, the planet will be dominated by silicates, like the Earth. Planet in the Sky With Diamonds 2010-12-09T17:26:00Z When the whole work is finished, it will perhaps be desirable to give it one or two coats of a very dilute solution of silicate of alumina and aluminate of potash. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Then prepare a powdery silicate mix of sand and potassium carbonate. Moonlighting as a Conjurer of Chemicals 2010-10-11T20:50:00Z Of course, hailstones grow by condensation of water, but zircons most commonly grow by crystallization from a silicate melt at temperatures in excess of 700 degrees Celsius. Scientist at Work: Rocks, Zircon Zapping and a Big Shrimp 2011-01-07T21:02:35Z Novacem's cement, by contrast, is based on magnesium silicates that contain no stored carbon. Novacem: Cement That Eats Carbon 2010-09-02T21:05:00Z Volcanic ash contains minute particles of angular rock and silicates which can strip away the aerodynamic surfaces and instruments and deposit a glass-like coating inside the engine. Airlines, scientists split over impact of ash 2010-04-19T17:33:00Z If silicate of soda or potash be mixed with white lead, in a very short time it sets into a hard substance, just as does plaster of Paris when mixed with water. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z This method is modified in practice by the character of the ores, carbonates and silicates free from sulphides being decomposed by hydrochloric acid, with the addition of a little nitric acid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" Blocks and logs of agate, chalcedony, jasper, opal and other silicate deposits lie in hundreds over an area of 60 sq. m. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" Evans says there are world reserves of more than 10,000 billion tons of such silicates, which are the basis for materials such as asbestos and talc. Novacem: Cement That Eats Carbon 2010-09-02T21:05:00Z Cold made soaps are readily filled with sodium silicate which is added at the same time the stock is put into the crutcher. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. Another very important application of soluble silicates is the rendering of wood incombustible. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Zinc.—Chemically the ores of zinc consist of the silicates, carbonates, oxides, and sulphides of zinc associated with other metals, some of which complicate the methods of assay. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" It is a silicate of calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium, and alters in geological time by slow recrystallization into hornblende, possibly with some loss of calcium. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Atrebates to Bedlis It belongs to the Zeolite family, and is a hydrated silicate of lime and potash, containing also fluorine. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli In adding the silicate it is necessary to add additional lye to that required for saponifying the fats, about 20 per cent. of 36 degs. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. This is the dialyzing vessel, and it is into this that the mixture of silicate and hydrochloric acid must be put. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z It is a hydrated silicate of magnesium, mixed with lime, alumina, and a small quantity of iron. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 1 A to Amide Ax�inite, a mineral, silicate of alumina, lime, &c., with boracic acid, deriving its name from the form of the crystals, the edges of which bear some resemblance to the edge of an axe. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Atrebates to Bedlis It is a calcium and aluminium silicate, CaAl2Si2O3, and crystallizes in the anorthic system. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" They are, however, generally pure soaps, as filling material such as sodium silicate does not readily rinse out of the wool and if used at all must be added very sparingly. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. This sulphate is very objectionable for certain applications of silicates, because it crystallizes out, and so destroys the substance, which the silicate is intended to preserve. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z It is believed to be due to the separation of certain silicates in the crystallised form. The Methods of Glass Blowing and of Working Silica in the Oxy-Gas Flame For the use of chemical and physical students Pete prodded his memory, and suddenly decided that silicates, after all, are not the most comfortable of linings for one's tender green cells. Old Friends Are the Best Ferrous sulphate sown in a silicate solution gives rise to growths which are green in colour, climbing, or herbaceous, twining in spirals round the larger and more solid calcareous growths. The Mechanism of Life Filling materials used are sodium silicate, or water glass, talc, silex, pumice, starch, borax, tripoli, etc. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. In the French manufacture of plate glass, more attention has been paid to the chemical composition of the various silicates which enter into it. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z There is generally excess of silica in glass, that is, more than is necessary to form normal silicates of the metals present. The Methods of Glass Blowing and of Working Silica in the Oxy-Gas Flame For the use of chemical and physical students At the present day this method has been entirely abandoned, the washing or “scouring” being effected with soap, assisted by ammonia, potash, soda or silicate of soda. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Osmotic growth gives us fibrous silicates, phosphatic nodules, corals, and madrepores; it also gives us formations which remind one of the "atolls," calcareous growths rising like a crown out of the water. The Mechanism of Life The tallow is heated to 120° to 135° F. and the lye run in slowly at first and then the silicate of soda is added. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. Now this is owing to the greater density of the lead silicate, which sinks lower down in the collected mass of glass, and therefore imparts to it this peculiar effect. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z The unmixed silicates are not suitable for the purposes of glass. The Methods of Glass Blowing and of Working Silica in the Oxy-Gas Flame For the use of chemical and physical students On the other hand, certain experiments appear to indicate that silicon can perform some of the functions of phosphorus, if soluble silicates are supplied to phosphorus-starved plants. The Chemistry of Plant Life Most of the elements in our minerals were formerly in a state of solution in these primeval seas, which contained carbonates, silicates, and soluble phosphates in great abundance. The Mechanism of Life Should borates or silicates be present it is possible to express in terms of these. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. Oxide of cobalt in very small quantities yields, with silicic acid, an intensely blue silicate. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z French chalk is a soft variety of steatite, a hydrated magnesium silicate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" The white enamel as used was therefore a mixed silicate of lead and potash rendered opaque with oxide of tin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Tamman has also made a number of experiments with solutions of the chlorides and sulphates of the heavy metals, and solutions of phosphates, silicates, ferrocyanides, and other salts. The Mechanism of Life The insoluble silicates, sand, etc., are present in the ignited residue in the determination of insoluble matter. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. Silicate of soda and silicate of potash, when the alkali, that is to say, the soda or potash, is in excess, are both soluble. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Chalcedony occurs as a secondary mineral in volcanic rocks, representing usually the silica set free by the decomposition of various silicates, and deposited in cracks, forming veins, or in vesicular hollows, forming amygdales. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" But the analytical results published hitherto are often not worth the paper they are printed on for such a purpose, the older methods of silicate analysis being only approximate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" The various silicates play an important part in the constitution of shells and of the skeletons of marine animals. The Mechanism of Life Where sodium silicate is used as a filler, the silicate scrap should never be returned to the soap kettle until the glycerine lyes have been withdrawn. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. If some of the silicate of lime or silicate of lead made by precipitation be dried and heated to a high temperature in a crucible, it will melt or fuse, and form a vitreous substance. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Chemically, chabazite is a complex hydrated calcium and sodium silicate, with a small proportion of the sodium replaced by potassium, and sometimes a small amount of the calcium replaced by barium and strontium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" The mixture of the lime and active silica or silicate is a pozzuolanic cement. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Most of the metallic salts, and more especially the soluble salts of calcium, give rise to the phenomenon of osmotic growth when sown in solutions of the alkaline silicates. The Mechanism of Life Sodium silicate, extensively used as a filler, however, will only show itself in forming a pasty liquid. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. Glass appears to be a mixture of silicates, the nature and chemical composition of which will be explained in a later part of this article. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z They are chiefly characterized by the presence of sulphur and silicate of soda, and are used in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory organs, rheumatism, skin diseases and many other maladies. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" It is generally admitted that the aluminate is the chief agent in the first setting of the cement, and that its ultimate hardening and attainment of strength are due to the tricalcium silicate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" In this way, by using different silicates and varying the proportions and the concentrations, we may obtain an immense variety of osmotic growths. The Mechanism of Life Carbonate of soda should be avoided in connection with sodium silicate as the property of efflorescing on the surface of the finished cake after a short time will prove detrimental. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. Soluble silicates are mentioned here, in order that a more perfect understanding of the nature of silicious compounds may be obtained, by those who do not possess a scientific knowledge of chemistry. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z A chemical compound of silica and another substance, such as silicate of iron. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology It will be observed that in the hydration of tricalcium silicate, the main constituent of Portland cement, a large portion of the lime appears as calcium hydroxide, i.e. slaked lime. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" The resulting fused mass would contain all the bases as silicates, and must have much resembled in composition certain furnace-slags or volcanic glasses. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science Where it is desired to determine sodium silicate, 10 grams of soap are ashed by ignition, hydrochloric acid added to the ash in excess and evaporated to dryness. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. The dark blue is a triple silicate of cobalt, which, by the admixture of the white oxide of zinc, may be converted into a brighter blue. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z It should have very little tendency to dissolve in water, and hence is used when traces of alkali or silicates would prove injurious in the solutions for which the glass vessels are to be used. A Handbook of Laboratory Glass-Blowing This potential energy becomes kinetic when the slag is brought into contact with lime in the presence of water, and causes the formation of a true hydraulic silicate of lime. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" He has tried the action of such acids as citric, tartaric, oxalic, acetic, malic, and other acids, on finely powdered carbonates, silicates, sulphides, and other classes of mineral. The Galaxy, April, 1877 Vol. XXIII.—April, 1877.—No. 4. Other filling material as silicate of soda, borax, talc or silex are used. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. Here then, silicate of lime is obtained by a process very different from that which has already been described, namely, by the heating of lime with silica at a high temperature. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z Soda-glass consists primarily of silicate of sodium with smaller quantities of silicate of aluminum and potassium. A Handbook of Laboratory Glass-Blowing Other authors have sought the origin of the diamond in the action of the hydrated magnesian silicates on hydrocarbons derived from bituminous schists, or in the decomposition of metallic carbides. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" While nearly one-tenth of the earth's crust is composed of the metal aluminum, four-fifths and more is composed of the minerals called silicates of aluminum—oxygen, silicon, and aluminum in various combinations. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place When the saponification is nearly completed either silicate or carbonate of soda or common salt are added to make the soap "short" so as to form the mottle. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. The fact, however, that such changes have taken place in this less perfectly fused glass, tends to show, that if one silicate can be dissolved out, there cannot be chemical union between all the silicates. British Manufacturing Industries Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. 2012-02-26T03:00:18.883Z It is a blue fibrous mineral belonging to the amphibole group and closely related to riebeckite; chemically it is an iron sodium silicate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Copper silicates occur in the mineral kingdom, many minerals owing their colour to the presence of a cupriferous element. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 3 "Convention" to "Copyright" Some, such as victoria stone, imperial stone and others, are hardened and rendered non-porous after manufacture by immersion in a solution of silicate of soda. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 7 "Columbus" to "Condottiere" Floating soap may also be loaded with sodium silicate to the extent of about 5 per cent. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. A chain-reacting process was now spreading through the silicates and other components of Titan's crust. Big Pill It is certain, however, that the finer-grained rocks are richest in alumina, and in combined water; hence the inference is clear that kaolin or some other hydrous aluminium silicate is the dominating constituent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 4 "Cincinnatus" to "Cleruchy" The true chrysolite of the modern mineralogist is a magnesium silicate, referable to the species olivine. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" Others, like Ford’s silicate of limestone, are practically lime mortars of excellent quality, which can be carved and cut like a sandstone of fine quality. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 7 "Columbus" to "Condottiere" A very cheap grade of soap may be made by making a run soap and adding the filler e. g. sodium silicate in the kettle during saponification. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. “The decomposition of a few more inches of silicates over the globe will exhaust the minute fraction of carbonic acid that still remains, and life will then become impossible.” The So-called Human Race The latter machine gathers only the grain and seeds of the crop, leaving the straw to be plowed under the soil, thus maintaining its supply of soluble silicates, and increasing its amount of organic matter. The Elements of Agriculture A Book for Young Farmers, with Questions Prepared for the Use of Schools The colour is due to the presence of nickel, probably in the form of a hydrous silicate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" This agent is secreted in the urine in the form of silicate of potash and is thrown down as insoluble silica when a stronger acid displaces it by combining with the potash to its exclusion. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle In these cases, insects were produced by the action of a powerful voltaic battery upon a saturated solution of silicate of potash, and upon ferro cyanuret of potassium. Ancient and Modern Celebrated Freethinkers Reprinted From an English Work, Entitled "Half-Hours With The Freethinkers." A crystalline character with a sense of humor named Lljub, whose form gave off a paled glint as it nourished itself on silicates. Has Anyone Here Seen Kelly? One way in which this is accomplished is by the action of the lime on the silica contained in these compounds, forming the silicate of lime. The Elements of Agriculture A Book for Young Farmers, with Questions Prepared for the Use of Schools After ignition it becomes almost insoluble in acids, and on fusion with silicates it colours them green; consequently it is used as a pigment for colouring glass and china. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" It is found in the soluble form in combination as silicate of potash, but at times is displaced by oxalic or other acid and then appears as gritty, sandy particles in the stem. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle By adding hydrochloric acid to a dilute solution of an alkaline silicate, no precipitate will fall and the solution will contain hydrochloric acid, an alkaline chloride, and silicic acid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 3 "Destructors" to "Diameter" Its skeletal structure, perhaps, was silicate in substance, extending to provide an outside covering that had hardened into actual stone, while forming an interior support to flesh that was half organic, half inorganic matter. The Planetoid of Peril In either case the potash is available directly to the plant, or is capable of uniting with the silica in the soil to form silicate of potash. The Elements of Agriculture A Book for Young Farmers, with Questions Prepared for the Use of Schools CHLORITE, a group of green micaceous minerals which are hydrous silicates of aluminium, magnesium and ferrous iron. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" He walked on asphalt, surrounded by heaps of concrete, silicates, aluminum and iron alloys. Warm Nearly all of the remaining precious stones belong to a great group of mineral species known as the silicates. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public Some such silicate construction was to be found in the sponge, of Earth. The Planetoid of Peril Farmers have generally overrated the value of leached ashes, because they contain small quantities of available phosphate of lime, and soluble silicates, in which most old soils are deficient. The Elements of Agriculture A Book for Young Farmers, with Questions Prepared for the Use of Schools The shales become dense, highly crystalline rocks of a "hornstone" type, with porphyritic developments of silicate minerals. The Economic Aspect of Geology Where iron is present in the form of pyrites, or ferrous silicate, it does not seem to cause reversion. Manures and the principles of manuring Beryl is a silicate of aluminum and beryllium. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public Secure in its silicate covering, it was impervious to his wildest attempts at destruction. The Planetoid of Peril Window glass is silicate of potash, rendered insoluble by additions of arsenic and litharge. The Elements of Agriculture A Book for Young Farmers, with Questions Prepared for the Use of Schools The sands and sandstones become highly crystalline quartzites, spotted with porphyritic developments of silicates. The Economic Aspect of Geology It consists mainly of phosphate of lime, silicate of lime, free lime, free magnesia, and oxides of iron and manganese. Manures and the principles of manuring The true topaz next calls for consideration as it too is a silicate. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public Basalt is an igneous rock composed largely of augite and felspar, which are silicate crystals of calcium, potassium, alumina, etc., of which the Moonstone is a variety. Second Sight A study of Natural and Induced Clairvoyance Soda unites with the silica in the soil, and forms the valuable silicate of soda. The Elements of Agriculture A Book for Young Farmers, with Questions Prepared for the Use of Schools This is especially true of the limestone, which may be changed completely to solid masses of quartz and silicates. The Economic Aspect of Geology According to Nobbe, chloride of potassium is the most suitable form of potassium salts, although the plant may absorb its potassium as sulphate, phosphate, or even silicate. Manures and the principles of manuring This oxide of silicon is not free and separate in the silicates but is combined chemically with other oxides, chiefly with metallic oxides. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public The pileus is whitish or gray, or grayish brown, very thin, oval, then bell-shaped, minutely scaly, becoming smooth, prominently silicate or plicate, plaited. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In the water silica is held in solution by salts of soda, a silicate of soda being the chief ingredient. A Girl's Ride in Iceland In limestone much of the mass may be replaced by garnet and other silicates in a matrix of quartz. The Economic Aspect of Geology According to the commonly accepted theory, much of the available mineral fertilising matter of the soil is retained in the form of these hydrated silicates. Manures and the principles of manuring Now the glasses, although they are silicates, are not crystalline, but rather they are amorphous, that is, without any definite structure. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public Experience has shown that burning is by no means equally advantageous to all clays, but is most beneficial on those containing a considerable quantity of calcareous matter, and of silicates of potash. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry The flour removed by the wire brushes was found by analysis to be silicate of lime. Concrete Construction Methods and Costs Where disintegration has been important the soil contains an abundance of the original silicates of the rock, and less of the altered minerals. The Economic Aspect of Geology By acting upon the double silicates it liberates these necessary plant-foods. Manures and the principles of manuring Thus there are many different silicates because, in the earth, many different metallic oxides have combined with silicon oxide. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public In such clays heat operates by causing the lime to decompose the alkaline silicates, and liberate a quantity of the potash which was previously in an unavailable state. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry The main mass consisted of a crystalline, double-refracting silicate, drenched through with an ill-smelling organic substance. The Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe, Volume I and Volume II These are dense, highly crystalline ores, in which the iron minerals are tightly locked up with silicates, quartz, and other minerals, suggestive of high temperature origin. The Economic Aspect of Geology He explained it as due to the formation in the soil of hydrated double silicates, consisting of a silicate of alumina, along with a silicate of the base fixed. Manures and the principles of manuring Nature's silicates, on the other hand, are usually crystallized or at least crystalline in structure. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public This may perhaps have been due to the doubtful nature of the commercial article, but now that silicate of soda can be obtained of good quality, it is desirable that the experiments should be repeated. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry It consists essentially of silicon, oxygen, iron; or, to speak more correctly, it is a silicate of the protoxide of iron. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 458 Volume 18, New Series, October 9, 1852 Those of India and Brazil are chiefly surface concentrations of the manganese oxides, formed by the weathering of underlying rocks which contain manganese carbonates and silicates. The Economic Aspect of Geology The true explanation of the action of gypsum is to be found in its effect on the double silicates, which it decomposes, the potash being set free. Manures and the principles of manuring Jadeite is a sodium aluminum silicate and nephrite, a calcium magnesium silicate. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public On the former, it operates by decomposing the silicates, which form the main part of the soil, and the alkalies they contain being thus set free, a larger supply becomes available to the plant. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry There was the glistening yellow sulphuret from Cuba, the silicate from Brazil, the bright-blue carbonate from the sunny regions of the south, and the dark-brown oxide from the colder regions of the north. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 458 Volume 18, New Series, October 9, 1852 The zirconium silicate, zircon, is a fairly common accessory constituent of granitic rocks and pegmatite veins. The Economic Aspect of Geology Potash occurs almost entirely in soils in a very insoluble form—viz., combined with silica as a silicate of potash. Manures and the principles of manuring First in value among the silicates is beryl, which, when grass green, we call emerald. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public Asbestos is a silicate of magnesium and lime, containing in addition iron and aluminum. Textiles For Commercial, Industrial, and Domestic Arts Schools; Also Adapted to Those Engaged in Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods, Wool, Cotton, and Dressmaker's Trades The topaz is harder than quartz, as will be seen on reference to the "Hardness" table, and is composed of a silicate of aluminium, fluorine taking the place of some of the oxygen. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones A small part of the copper remains in this zone as oxides, carbonates, and silicates. The Economic Aspect of Geology It is important to note one peculiarity about the solubility of silicates. Manures and the principles of manuring Perhaps the silicates that are next in importance to the jeweler, after beryl, are those which form the garnets of various types. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public There is plenty of oxygen locked up in those silicates; the problem is towing them to the processing plants where the stuff can be extracted. Anchorite The copper emerald is rare; it is a hydrous form of copper silicate, CuOSiO2 + H2O, of a beautiful emerald green, varying from transparent to translucent. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones Asbestos consists mostly of magnesium silicate minerals—chrysotile, anthophyllite, and crocidolite. The Economic Aspect of Geology As water enters into the mineral's composition, it sets free a certain portion of the base; there is thus formed a basic silicate, which, being soluble in water, is washed away in solution. Manures and the principles of manuring As we saw in Lesson XVIII., on the chemical composition of the gems, many of them are silicates of metals. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public But silicate rock is notably lacking in response to that attractive force. Anchorite There are several methods of obtaining the metallic element, zirconium; it is however with the silicate of zirconium that we have to deal at the moment. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones In these occurrences the tungsten mineral is almost invariably scheelite, and is associated with calcite, garnet, pyroxene, and other silicates. The Economic Aspect of Geology The main mass of the rocks consists of silica, and this is generally combined with alumina, as in clay, forming aluminium silicate, and with the commoner alkalies and alkaline earths. Manures and the principles of manuring Zircon is itself a species of mineral and is a silicate of zirconium. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public There was no such simple answer for the silicate rocks. Anchorite A silicate base creature could easily have formed a shell of it about itself. The Beast of Space All igneous rocks contain at least a trace of barium, which is probably present in the silicates, and these small quantities are the ultimate source of the more concentrated deposits. The Economic Aspect of Geology Those formed out of silicates are, from the agricultural point of view, the most important, as they form a very large group; and it is by their disintegration that soils are chiefly formed. Manures and the principles of manuring Leaving the silicates we find very few gem minerals remaining. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public The silicate rocks ran only about twenty-five per cent iron—in the form of nonmagnetic compounds. Anchorite This is advised particularly for small animals, as is also the silicate of soda. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse Tourmaline is a complex hydrous silicate of aluminum and boron, with varying amounts of magnesium, iron, and alkalies. The Economic Aspect of Geology This fact has an important signification in the process of the disintegration of the silicate minerals we are about to consider. Manures and the principles of manuring Now glasses are also silicates of various metals, but unlike gem minerals the glasses are not crystalline but rather amorphous, that is, without definite geometric form or definite internal arrangement. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public Its elements are, the silicate mineral which Nature provided and the form which human labor has given it. Socialism A Summary and Interpretation of Socialist Principles But the problem of acid-resisting linings has been much more perfectly solved in later years in the various types of cement and other silicate linings now in use. Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900 Talc is hydrated magnesium silicate, as is also serpentine, a mineral with which talc is closely associated. The Economic Aspect of Geology For the kind where it is desired to apply with a brush, use 100 parts sodium silicate; 50 parts of Spanish white, and 100 parts of glue. Practical Mechanics for Boys It is a remarkably excellent imitation—silicate of alumina; the weight, color, and hardness, the measurements—table, girdle, and culasse—all correspond exactly with the original. The Paternoster Ruby After withdrawing the half-spent lye, the soap is just closed by boiling with water, and is then ready for the silicate or other saline additions. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture Ras Bernas is a long, wandering cape composed of rocky hills of ironstone and silicate curiously blended together, with shoals and rocks, and coral reefs, and sandbanks hanging on to it in very shallow water. Southern Arabia Both are common alteration products of magnesian silicate minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole. The Economic Aspect of Geology The two were standing now before the cylindrical furnace containing the mixture of silicates and other ingredients from which Tom Swift hoped would emerge a glass as flexible as rubber and as strong as steel. Tom Swift and His Giant Telescope It is possible to produce a mixed solution of aluminate and silicate of potash which will remain liquid for twenty-four hours. Field's Chromatography or Treatise on Colours and Pigments as Used by Artists Soap intended to be liquored with silicate of soda should be distinctly strong in free alkali; the crystalline nature of the soap is increased thereby, and the mottled effect intensified. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture Ash is exceedingly variable in composition, being composed of the various salts of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron, as sulphates, phosphates, chlorides, and silicates of these elements. Human Foods and Their Nutritive Value Under the influence of moisture, carbon dioxide, and changes of temperature this substance is constantly being broken down into soluble potassium compounds and hydrated aluminium silicate. An Elementary Study of Chemistry If the child coughs it is given bans-lochan, which is said to be some kind of silicate found in bamboos. The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India - Volume IV of IV Kumhar-Yemkala These comprise soda ash, soda crystals, caustic soda, silicate of soda, potash, caustic potash, soaps of various kinds, stale urine, ammoniacal compounds. The Dyeing of Woollen Fabrics The addition of this substance to the hot soap is made by suspending it in silicate of soda solution. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture Many of the latter are magnetite, while the others are hornblende and various ferromagnesian silicates. Aboriginal Remains in Verde Valley, Arizona Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-92, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 179-262 What is meant by the term polysilicic acid, as used in the discussion of aluminium silicates? An Elementary Study of Chemistry Beudant in 1832 restricted the name calamine to the hydrous silicate and proposed the name "smithsonite" for the carbonate, and these meanings of the terms are now adopted by Dana and many other mineralogists. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" The use of silicate of soda cannot be recommended, as it has a great tendency to leave the fibre hard, which may be ascribed to the deposition of silica on the fibre. The Dyeing of Woollen Fabrics Soaps containing silicates may have a deleterious action upon the fibres, causing them to become damaged and broken. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture The smoke thus produced reduces the red ferric oxide to blue-green ferrous oxide, or to metallic iron, which combines with the silica present to form a fusible ferrous silicate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The slag is really a kind of readily fusible glass, being essentially a calcium-aluminium silicate. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Calcium silicates are exceptionally abundant in the mineral kingdom. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" They run from amoeba-like objects to things like crayfish, with silicate skeletons. Uller Uprising The fabric is thoroughly cleansed, for which purpose the soap should be neutral and free from rosin and silicates, otherwise a harsh feeling or stickiness will be produced. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture To put boilers out of order use explosives or silicates or a plain glass bottle which thrown on the glowing coals hinders the combustion and clogs up the smoke exhausts. The Red Conspiracy In melting, part of the iron combines with silica to form a slag of iron silicate. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Calcium metasilicate, CaSiO3, occurs in nature as monoclinic crystals known as tabular spar or wollastonite; it may be prepared artificially from solutions of calcium chloride and sodium silicate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" There are no oxides, sulfides, silicates or chlorides. Uller Uprising Saponification being complete, the solution of salt is added, then the carbonate of soda solution, and finally the silicate of soda solution, after which the soap is boiled. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture Litharge is also used; it forms, on fusion with quartz, a silicate of lead, which is a yellow glass, easily fusible, and more fluid in the furnace than silicate of soda is. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. Since common clay is a silicate of aluminium and is everywhere abundant, it might be expected that this would be utilized in the preparation of aluminium. An Elementary Study of Chemistry His seeds are fragments of calcium chloride, and his soil is a solution of the alkaline carbonates, phosphates, or silicates. The Breath of Life If, as I hope will be the case, the silicate of soda should supply to peat its greatest deficiency, no one will more readily discover it than Mr. Baines. Essays in Natural History and Agriculture Having thus ascertained the condition of the pan, and corrected it if necessary, the colour, mixed in water or in silicate of soda solution, is added and the soap framed. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture The chief sources of nickel are these silicates, which are found in large quantity in New Caledonia; and a pyrites found in Norway, containing three or four per cent. of the metal. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. It is, however, very difficult to extract the aluminium from a silicate, and no practical method has been found which will accomplish this. An Elementary Study of Chemistry As elsewhere described in this publication, the floors of all motor cars are protected by sheet steel and a material composed of asbestos and silicate of soda, which possesses great heat-resisting properties. The New York Subway Its Construction and Equipment In the use of silicates of soda and potash, one precaution is very necessary, namely, that you really have a soluble silicate, not a mere mechanical mixture of ground flint and alkali. Essays in Natural History and Agriculture Various other strengths of sodium silicate are employed, depending upon the composition and body of the soap base—neutral silicate 75° Tw. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture Similarly, if to a silicate of lime we add oxide of iron, or soda, or even alumina, a fusible double silicate will be formed. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. Fused glass is really a solution of various silicates, such as those of calcium and lead, in fused sodium or potassium silicate. An Elementary Study of Chemistry A farmer with his potash locked up in silicates is like the merchant who has left the key of his safe at home in his other trousers. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries If a soluble silicate of soda can be made in the way you mention, it will be a great saving of expense. Essays in Natural History and Agriculture Mixtures of soda crystals or soda ash solution with silicate of soda solution are used for a certain grade of soap, which is crutched until smooth and stiff. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture The most abundant oxidised ores are the carbonates, malachite and chessylite; the silicates, as also the red and black oxides, occur less abundantly. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. Their most abundant compounds are the carbonates and sulphates; calcium also occurs in large quantities as the phosphate and silicate. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Some of the minerals, such as certain silicates and carbonates, dissolve relatively fast, others with extreme slowness. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays I accordingly limed the land soon after the wheat came up, and in March I applied silicate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, gypsum, common salt, and nitrate of soda. Essays in Natural History and Agriculture Potassium chloride and potassium silicate find a limited use for intermixing with soft soaps. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture The quantity of insoluble silicates is determined by dissolving out the separated silica with a strong boiling solution of sodium carbonate. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. Many silicates containing magnesium are known and some of them are important substances. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Probably one of the best fertilisers is genuine farmyard manure from stall-fed cattle, for it contains phosphates, alkalies, and silicates in available forms. The Culture of Vegetables and Flowers From Seeds and Roots 16th Edition On referring to your letter, I find you don't say what I supposed you did, but that the lime liberates the soluble silicates, potash, &c. Essays in Natural History and Agriculture It consists of hydrated silicate of magnesium and, when finely ground, is white and greasy to the touch. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture It is present in larger or smaller quantity in most silicates; and the minerals, serpentine, talc, steatite and meerschaum are essentially hydrated silicates of magnesia. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. It is the anhydride of an acid, and consequently it dissolves in fused alkalis to form silicates. An Elementary Study of Chemistry In other cases the pigment used was covered with a vitreous coat of an alkaline silicate of alumina. The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 4. (of 7): Babylon The History, Geography, And Antiquities Of Chaldaea, Assyria, Babylon, Media, Persia, Parthia, And Sassanian or New Persian Empire; With Maps and Illustrations. I attribute my success in growing wheat to the use of silicate of soda, and yet, singularly enough, until now I have been unable to induce anyone else to try it. Essays in Natural History and Agriculture Soap, to be suitable for the purpose, must be free from uncombined caustic alkali, unsaponified fat, silicates, and rosin. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture Insoluble silicates are opened up by fusion with "fusion mixture," as described under Silica. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. The compounds which are used to color the glass are sometimes converted into silicates, which then dissolve in the glass, giving it a uniform color. An Elementary Study of Chemistry By itself it is only so much phosphate or silicate, and can come to be something only in a foreign organism, a plant or an animal. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 13, No. 76, February, 1864 Even the silicate of soda itself imparts to the flame of oxidation the characteristic yellow of soda. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations The residue is well washed, ignited, and weighed as SiO2, and from this silica is calculated the sodium silicate. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture With silicates, also, it forms very fusible double silicates; but in the absence of silicates and borates it has no action upon lime or magnesia. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. All normal carbonates, phosphates, and silicates are insoluble save those of ammonium, sodium and potassium. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Lapis- lazuli, for instance, was replaced by blue frit made with an admixture of silicate of copper, and this was reduced to an impalpable powder. Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt The greater part of the alumina compounds give off water with heat; the most of them are also infusible, except a few phosphates and silicates. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations In addition to deposits formed of flint itself, there are other siliceous deposits formed by certain silicates, and also of organic origin. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science When silicates decomposable by acid are present, the solution is evaporated to dryness to render the silica insoluble; the residue extracted with 30 c.c. of hydrochloric acid, and diluted with water to 150 c.c. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. When sodium and calcium silicates, together with silicon dioxide, are heated to a very high temperature, the mixture slowly fuses to a transparent liquid, which on cooling passes into the solid called glass. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Another application of soluble glass has been made by surgeons for forming a protecting coat of silicate around broken limbs as a substitute for plaster, starch, or dextrine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 483, April 4, 1885 Therefore in making investigations with the silicates which contain potash, the violet color of the latter can only be discerned when they are free from soda and lithia. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations When the originally porous fossil has been permeated by a silicate, Fig. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Effect of other substances.—It was found that an alkaline cyanate, sulphocyanate, ferrocyanide, nitrite, borate, silicate or carbonate has no effect. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. |
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