| 单词 | sigma |
| 例句 | In his badly penned sigmas and deltas she spied the shaking hand of her son’s growing anxiety. Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z If you’re lurking in dark corners of the internet, there’s alpha, beta and sigma males. Why does everyone want to date a "golden retriever boyfriend?" 2023-10-14T04:00:00Z "Our work shows that the dark photon hypothesis is preferred over the standard model hypothesis at a significance of 6.5 sigma, which constitutes evidence for a particle discovery." New clues to the nature of elusive dark matter 2023-09-18T04:00:00Z Let’s try a couple of examples of using sigma notation. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Summation notation is often known as sigma notation because it uses the Greek capital letter sigma, to represent the sum. Algebra and Trigonometry 2015-02-13T00:00:00Z The discrepancy between the two estimates has a statistical significance of five sigma, meaning there is only about a one-in-a-million chance of it being a statistical fluke. Astronomers Gear Up to Grapple with the High-Tension Cosmos 2022-04-18T04:00:00Z That was enough to elevate the researchers’ anomalous result to remarkable heights of statistical significance: nearly seven sigma, in the parlance of statistics. Elementary Particle’s Unexpected Heft Stuns Physicists 2022-04-07T04:00:00Z One is a protein called the sigma-1 receptor, which regulates the release of inflammatory molecules, including several that escalate in people with severe COVID. Investigating Antidepressants’ Surprising Effect on COVID Deaths 2021-11-12T05:00:00Z Write in sigma notation and evaluate the sum of terms 2i for i = 3, 4, 5, 6. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z A variable called the index of summation is written below the sigma. Algebra and Trigonometry 2015-02-13T00:00:00Z The number disagrees with the experimental result by 4.2 sigma, which means that the chances that the discrepancy is purely a statistical fluctuation are about one in 40,000. Weird Muons May Point to New Particles and Forces of Nature 2021-09-14T04:00:00Z In physics, as in most sciences that involve experiments, one's experimental results are characterized by a number, sigma, that relays how likely it is that said result is random chance. New physics or statistical fluke? Not all physicists are buying the muon mystery 2021-04-10T04:00:00Z They observed that animals lacking the sigma-1 receptor developed severe inflammation, and many died. Investigating Antidepressants’ Surprising Effect on COVID Deaths 2021-11-12T05:00:00Z Express the following endpoint sums in sigma notation but do not evaluate them. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z An explicit formula for each term of the series is given to the right of the sigma. Algebra and Trigonometry 2015-02-13T00:00:00Z But of course five sigma is an entirely arbitrary cut, and particle physicists also discuss anomalies well below that limit. Is the Standard Model of Physics Now Broken? 2021-04-07T04:00:00Z That's because 100 flips is not enough trials to warrant a sigma number that would signify "true without a shred of doubt" status. New physics or statistical fluke? Not all physicists are buying the muon mystery 2021-04-10T04:00:00Z One of the two sets of drugs that emerged from this systematic analysis, published last year in Nature, was compounds that bind the sigma-1 receptor. Investigating Antidepressants’ Surprising Effect on COVID Deaths 2021-11-12T05:00:00Z The integration symbol ∫ is an elongated S, suggesting sigma or summation. Calculus, Volume 1 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z The number above the sigma, called the upper limit of summation, is the number used to generate the last term in a series. Algebra and Trigonometry 2015-02-13T00:00:00Z Also in 1996 quark substructures were found at around three sigma. Is the Standard Model of Physics Now Broken? 2021-04-07T04:00:00Z That would require a so-called 5 sigma result, which corresponds to a probability of one in 30 million that your experiment was a fluke. New physics or statistical fluke? Not all physicists are buying the muon mystery 2021-04-10T04:00:00Z A level of 5 sigma, or a one in 3.5 million chance of the observation being a coincidence, is needed to claim a discovery. 'Strong' evidence found for a new force of nature 2021-04-07T04:00:00Z But he notes that the statistical significance—only 2.5 sigma—of the result is weak, and says that such results often fade away on further scrutiny. Hints of Twisted Light Offer Clues to Dark Energy’s Nature 2021-02-02T05:00:00Z A common notation for series is called summation notation, which uses the Greek letter sigma to represent the sum. Algebra and Trigonometry 2015-02-13T00:00:00Z In 2003 signs of supersymmetry—a conjectured extension of the Standard Model that introduces new particles—were seen at LEP, also at around three sigma. Is the Standard Model of Physics Now Broken? 2021-04-07T04:00:00Z The latest combined measurement is statistically significant to nearly four sigma, which means there is a roughly one-in-15,000 chance the result is a random fluke, assuming the Higgs does not decay to muons. Higgs Boson Gives Next-Generation Particle Its Heft 2020-08-06T04:00:00Z Those odds may sound good, but they are well below the one-in-3.5-million, or “five sigma,” standard traditionally linked to legitimate discoveries in particle physics. Is Dark Matter Made of Axions? 2020-06-23T04:00:00Z The significance of both the tritium and neutrino magnetic moment hypotheses corresponds to 3.2 sigma, meaning that they are also consistent with the data. Dark matter hunt yields unexplained signal 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z Typically, physicists only announce a “discovery” of a new particle if the results reach 5 sigma significance, meaning a 1 in 3.5 million chance that the signal was produced by random fluctuations. Physicists Announce Potential Dark Matter Breakthrough 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z Literally full of sigmas, phis, omegas and other symbols. Modeling coronavirus: ‘Uncertainty is the only certainty’ 2020-04-07T04:00:00Z That’s well short of the 5 sigma standard physicists usually look for before calling an idea confirmed. Is the Universe a Giant Loop? 2019-11-05T05:00:00Z Clocking in at 69.8, this independent reckoning of H0 brought the tension’s statistical significance back down to slightly below the exalted five sigma. Hubble Tension Headache: Clashing Measurements Make the Universe's Expansion a Lingering Mystery 2019-07-29T04:00:00Z Physicists and astronomers, however, aren't usually convinced that two phenomena are connected until there's no more than a one in 3.5 million, or 5 sigma, probability of a coincidence. Ghostly particle caught in polar ice ushers in new way to look at the universe 2018-07-12T04:00:00Z The tritium hypothesis fits the data to a confidence level of 3.2 sigma. Physicists Announce Potential Dark Matter Breakthrough 2020-06-17T04:00:00Z “Maybe half a sigma. I don’t want the tail wagging the dog. But, yeah, mostly.” “The Luck of Kokura” 2018-06-18T04:00:00Z The researchers did detect a very small excess of events, at the statistical level known as one sigma. Has US physics lab found a new particle? 2018-06-06T04:00:00Z The gap between the two is now at a confidence level of about 3.4 sigma. Expanding cosmos hints at new physics 2018-01-11T05:00:00Z The level of disagreement is characterised as 3.2 sigma, which is a level of disagreement you only expect to happen two-in-a-thousand times if the theory and data are correct. First beam for an important new physics experiment 2017-06-04T04:00:00Z That falls far short of the 5 sigma threshold usually needed to claim a ‘discovery’. Physicists excited by latest LHC anomaly 2017-04-18T04:00:00Z In statistical terms, the two values are separated by a gulf of 3.4 sigma— not quite the 5 sigma that in particle physics signals a significant result, but getting there. A recharged debate over the speed of the expansion of the universe could lead to new physics 2017-03-08T05:00:00Z Statistically, using normal distribution assumptions, most organizations operate at a 68 percent level of productivity, known as one sigma. Redouble efforts to make federal agencies more efficient 2016-12-13T05:00:00Z The sigma level describes the probability that a particular finding is not down to chance. Expanding cosmos hints at new physics 2018-01-11T05:00:00Z That was well below the 5 sigma threshold for determining whether a signal is a discovery or just noise. Hopes for revolutionary new LHC particle dashed 2016-08-04T04:00:00Z The gold standard for claiming a discovery in particle physics is a statistical threshold known as five sigma. Has the LHC discovered a new particle? - BBC News 2016-07-05T04:00:00Z This falls well short of physicists’ threshold for a discovery — considered to be 5 sigma, or a chance of around three in 10 million that the signal is a statistical fluke. Hints of new LHC particle get slightly stronger 2016-03-16T04:00:00Z Getting that level of productivity to three sigma, a plateau of 99.7 percent efficiency and effectiveness, is realistically possible but by no means a small matter. Redouble efforts to make federal agencies more efficient 2016-12-13T05:00:00Z A level of five sigma is usually considered the threshold for claiming a discovery. Expanding cosmos hints at new physics 2018-01-11T05:00:00Z And if the president stands there with the seal of the presidency, and talks about this from a personal perspective, I think it begins to lower the sigma.” Candidates gets personal, emotional in discussing drug addiction 2016-01-05T05:00:00Z The norm for the verification of a new particle is “five sigma”—a departure from the mean of more than five standard deviations. ‘God Does Not Play Dice’ 2015-12-27T05:00:00Z Hits are coloured based on Ks divergence, with purple blocks corresponding to 1:1 orthologous regions and other colours corresponding to retained genes from the rho and sigma WGDs. Single-molecule sequencing of the desiccation-tolerant grass Oropetium thomaeum : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-10T05:00:00Z Sigma refers to standard deviations—a statistical measurement of a divergence—and the usual threshold among physicists for declaring a discovery is five sigma. Two Accelerators Find Particles that May Break Known Laws of Physics 2015-09-09T04:00:00Z However, Prof Riess said that at the three sigma level "this starts to get pretty serious I would say". Expanding cosmos hints at new physics 2018-01-11T05:00:00Z Last year, LHCb found a similar bias, with a significance of 2.6 sigma, in decays of another type of B meson, this time a preference to decay into electrons rather than muons. LHC signal hints at cracks in physics' standard model 2015-09-02T04:00:00Z In a study that is been submitted for publication to the journal Physical Review Letters, the researchers show that several findings reached a “nine sigma” threshold of statistical significance. Hadron Collider Scientists Stumble Upon ‘Pentaquark’ Particle 2015-07-14T04:00:00Z Hits are coloured based on Ks divergence, with purple blocks corresponding to 1:1 orthologous regions and other colours corresponding to retained genes from the rho and sigma WGDs. Single-molecule sequencing of the desiccation-tolerant grass Oropetium thomaeum : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-10T05:00:00Z The statistical bar – known as 9 sigma – is far higher than the 5-sigma usually required for a discovery in particle physics, such as the announcement of the Higgs boson in 2012. Forsaken pentaquark particle spotted at CERN 2015-07-13T04:00:00Z According to the team at the BICEP2 South Pole telescope, the detection is at the 5–7 sigma level, so there is less than one chance in two million of it being a random occurrence. Big Bang blunder bursts the multiverse bubble 2014-06-02T04:00:00Z The particle was observed with an overwhelming significance of 13.9 sigma, well above the usual 5 sigma threshold required to declare a discovery. Quirky Quark Combo Creates Exotic New Particle 2014-04-09T20:05:00Z The critical distinction is that it is not a big deal to acquire a modest knowledge of variance, dispersion, sigma, nor Chebyshev’s Inequality. What Jeremy Grantham Didn't Say 2014-03-25T04:22:40Z Throughout much of science, experimenters are satisfied with two sigma, a much less stringent standard. Raw Data: Hills to Scientific Discoveries Grow Steeper 2014-02-17T20:59:51Z More than a year after the announcement of the discovery of the Higgs Boson, it seems that people are still curious about what the heck a “sigma” is. The Roots of Unity Year in Review 2014-01-07T17:45:51.494Z The reference to sigmas indicated the scientists’ level of certainty in their findings, and a score of five is close to a sure thing. Higgs Honor: Physicists Nab a Nobel for Once-Elusive Boson 2013-10-08T18:05:22Z We discovered several unexpected features, including archaeal sigma factors and stop codon reassignments that challenge established views of the microbial world. Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter 2013-07-24T17:20:57.027Z But it wont because Congress would have to actually do something intelligent which is a 10 sigma event that wont see in the next 100 instances of the universe. Investing: The view from Pimco 2013-05-29T14:23:51Z He reported the signal at a 99.81% confidence level, or around three sigma in statistical language. Dark Matter Signals Recorded in Minnesota Mine 2013-04-16T14:15:00.353Z The confidence level of this decay was ’3.5 sigma’ and rate of this decay was in line with the prediction in the Standard Model of particle physics. Physicists At CERN Get Help To Process Experimental Data 2013-01-21T22:36:12Z The result is at a statistical level of "3.5 sigma" - meaning that there is a one-in-4300 chance that the team would see the same "bump" in their data if the decay were not happening. Supersymmetry theory dealt a blow 2012-11-12T13:30:34Z As they report online in , their data now reach a significance of 5.9 sigma. Higgs results 'get even stronger' 2012-08-01T09:07:24Z The Greek letter sigma is used to represent standard deviation. Five-Sigma What's That? 2012-07-17T20:15:00.440Z I remember sitting in the cafeteria at lunch and two of my friends were talking about it; one mouthed to the other across the table “how many sigma?” What Was It Like To Be At CERN On The Day Of The Discovery Of The Higgs Boson? 2012-07-13T15:54:04Z Five sigma, a measure of probability reflecting a less than one in a million chance of a fluke in the data, is a widely accepted standard for scientists to agree the particle exists. "It's a boson:" Higgs quest bears new particle 2012-07-04T21:34:28Z Five sigma is the generally accepted benchmark for claiming the discovery of a new particle. LHC claims new particle discovery 2012-07-04T07:35:12Z Three sigma represents about one in 700 likelihood that a "bump" in the data is down to some statistical fluctuation, in the absence of a Higgs. Higgs excitement at fever pitch 2012-07-03T19:30:28Z For particle physics, the sigma used is the standard deviation arising from a normal distribution of data, familiar to us as a bell curve. Five-Sigma What's That? 2012-07-17T20:15:00.440Z To claim a discovery, scientists have to have a "5 sigma" certainty - or be sure that there is less than a one in a million chance it is a fluke. Cosmic discovery week ahead for science, perhaps 2012-07-01T12:30:53Z This threshold is a level of statistical certainty known as "five sigma". Excitement builds over Higgs data 2012-06-21T15:58:09Z For context: In current particle physics, evidence for the Higgs boson would be accepted as a discovery at 5 sigma certainty, so 4.6 is pretty good. Closing in on Dark Matter: Another "Tentative" Step 2012-04-23T19:15:00.250Z But the benchmark for a discovery is five sigma, denoting a one-in-3.5 million likelihood that a result is down to such a fluctuation. Higgs excitement at fever pitch 2012-07-03T19:30:28Z This value was then translated into a number of sigmas above the mean, because the number of collisions observed at the energy of the newly discovered particle was higher than the expected background. Five-Sigma What's That? 2012-07-17T20:15:00.440Z Record, average time, in sigma, and number of false reactions. Vocational Psychology: Its Problems and Methods 2012-02-24T03:00:25.813Z If the results from Atlas or CMS fall short of the five sigma level, the combination could push the statistical significance over the discovery threshold. Excitement builds over Higgs data 2012-06-21T15:58:09Z For those of you keen on the statistical details, he’s claiming it with as much as 4.6 sigma certainty—which is to say, a high degree of certainty. Closing in on Dark Matter: Another "Tentative" Step 2012-04-23T19:15:00.250Z Rumours suggest the certainty level has now crept beyond four sigma. Higgs excitement at fever pitch 2012-07-03T19:30:28Z He proposed applying the business concepts of lean six sigma to eliminate waste and speed innovation at NASA. Newt to NASA: Stop Talking about Space Exploration-Just Do It 2012-01-26T17:15:03.763Z Such results would not constitute an ironclad discovery quite yet, being below the required "5 sigma," a measure of statistical reliability. Has the Higgs Been Discovered? Physicists Gear Up for Watershed Announcement 2011-12-08T18:15:00.360Z For true discoveries, physicists demand a statistical certainty of at least five sigma, which means there should be less than one chance in 3 million of the result's being a random blip in the data. Particle Smasher Hints at Physics Breakthrough 2011-11-17T18:28:49Z That said, when he incorporates the necessary statistics for his targeted search and sample size, his results drop to a 3.5 sigma certainty, barely strong enough for publication. Closing in on Dark Matter: Another "Tentative" Step 2012-04-23T19:15:00.250Z Generally, the higher the number of sigma, the more trustworthy the result. Faster-than-light neutrinos show science in action 2011-09-24T11:45:00.267Z Scientists consider 5 sigma the threshold for discoveries. Heavy Relative of the Neutron Discovered 2011-08-12T04:00:00Z But the two experiments are rumored to have seen signals of 2.5 sigma and 3.5 sigma, which together would give a strong hint. Has the Higgs Been Discovered? Physicists Gear Up for Watershed Announcement 2011-12-08T18:15:00.360Z The excess seen by the Atlas team has reached a 2.8 sigma level of certainty. US lab sees 'hints' of elusive particle 2011-07-24T14:57:46Z "So we used a sleek font and added the sigma as the second 'O.'" Recreating a Culture of Innovation 2011-07-20T18:00:00Z There is a risk of either underestimating the extent because of social sigma or overestimating it because of wartime rumors. Rape as Weapon of War Is UN Focus After Libya Woman’s Plight 2011-07-06T14:51:24Z The analysis established the discovery at a level of 7 sigma. Heavy Relative of the Neutron Discovered 2011-08-12T04:00:00Z The statistical significance of the excess is about 4.1 sigma, only just short of the 5 sigma needed to claim a discovery. Tevatron Teams Clash Over New Physics 2011-06-10T19:15:05.467Z The general criteria for announcing evidence suggestive of a new particle or physical effect is three standard deviations, or 3 sigma; the benchmark for claiming a new discovery is 5 sigma. WIMP Wars: Astronomers and Physicists Remain Skeptical of Long-Standing Dark Matter Claim 2011-05-06T21:15:00.253Z Even so, the firm says it will have only a “small” American tax liability for last year, partly because of its “six sigma” approach to exploiting legal loopholes. Reforming company taxes: Getting corporations to cough up 2011-04-28T10:55:18Z The new analysis claims that the data disagree with existing theory to better than three standard deviations, or three sigma. U.S. Collider Offers Physicists a Glimpse of a Possible New Particle 2011-04-07T16:15:00.320Z The risks were, according to the CEO of Goldman Sachs, so-called "25 sigma" events. 71 months and counting ? 2011-01-01T10:00:01Z Sure, we were taught about cash flow, human resources, people management, vendor selection, 5 "P"s and 6 sigmas — and a thousand other nuggets of information. How to Achieve Predictable Success 2010-04-01T11:05:00Z Sigmoid, curved in two directions, like the letter S, or the Greek sigma. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Chairs and stools were usually of ivory, and the most homely vessels were often made of the most costly metal; the semicircular tables or sigmas were so heavy that two youths could hardly lift one. Women of Early Christianity It is in form of a half-moon, and was called by the Romans sigma, from the Greek ς. The Art of Needle-work, from the Earliest Ages, 3rd ed. Including Some Notices of the Ancient Historical Tapestries He affects ever the Greek sigma in his writing. The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 His feet were ornamented, rather than protected, by delicate buskins of black leather, decked with the silver sigma, in its old crescent shape, the proud initial of the high term senator. The Roman Traitor, Vol. 1 Sigmoid: shaped like the Greek letter sigma, or English S. Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology The square before the sigma was decorated with a fountain, and the margin of the basin was lined and encompassed with plates of silver. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 5 But $\\delta\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\beta\\delta : \\pi\\sigma = \\beta\\delta^2 : \\beta\\delta \\times \\pi\\sigma$, therefore also $\\beta\\delta^2 : \\xi\\sigma^2 = \\beta\\delta^2 : \\beta\\delta \\times \\pi\\sigma$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes The letters phi, psi, sigma, zeta, which require a great deal of wind, are employed in the imitation of such notions as shivering, seething, shaking, and in general of what is windy. Cratylus Because $\\gamma\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\epsilon\\alpha : \\alpha\\pi = \\mu\\sigma : \\sigma\\pi$, and $\\gamma\\alpha = \\alpha\\theta$, therefore $\\theta\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\mu\\sigma : \\sigma\\pi$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes Therefore $\\theta\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\mu\\sigma^2 : \\pi\\sigma^2 + \\sigma\\xi^2$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes In the face of the church, a semicircular portico, of the figure and name of the Greek sigma, was supported by fifteen columns of Phrygian marble, and the subterraneous vaults were of a similar construction. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 5 Therefore $\\mu\\nu : \\nu\\lambda = \\kappa\\eta^2 : \\lambda\\sigma^2$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes But $\\delta\\alpha = \\alpha\\theta$, therefore $\\theta\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\mu\\sigma^2 : \\sigma\\xi^2$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes But $\\beta\\delta : \\pi\\sigma = \\delta\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\theta\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma$, therefore also $\\theta\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\xi\\sigma^2 : \\sigma\\pi^2$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes If $\\pi\\sigma^2$ is added to both sides then $\\mu\\sigma \\times \\sigma\\pi = \\pi\\sigma^2 + \\sigma\\xi^2$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes Consequently $\\xi\\sigma^2 = \\beta\\delta \\times \\pi\\sigma$ and $\\beta\\delta : \\xi\\sigma = \\xi\\sigma : \\pi\\sigma$, therefore $\\beta\\delta : \\pi\\sigma = \\xi\\sigma^2 : \\sigma\\pi^2$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes Moreover, because $\\gamma\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\mu\\sigma : \\sigma\\pi$ and $\\gamma\\alpha = \\alpha\\theta$, therefore $\\theta\\alpha : \\alpha\\sigma = \\mu\\sigma : \\sigma\\pi = \\mu\\sigma^2 : \\mu\\sigma \\times \\sigma\\pi$. Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics; a Treatise of Archimedes |
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