| 单词 | scoria |
| 例句 | Seeing my fascination, Lizete explained, “The variety of colors — yellow, red and black — each represent different sorts of volcanic eruptions over the centuries: basalt, red and black scorias, ashes and volcanic sands.” The Azores: An untamed island paradise only a few hours by air from North America 2015-12-14T05:00:00Z The type of volcanic rock with common vesicles is called scoria. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Red scoria is also porous and therefore less dense than tuff, making it easier to raise into position. 'Genius engineers' Easter Island's hats 2018-06-18T04:00:00Z The researchers are convinced that these are true volcanic cones, similar to common volcanoes on Earth known as scoria cones and tuff cones. Scientists Find Some of Mars's Youngest Volcanoes--and Discover They Could Have Supported Life 2017-07-24T04:00:00Z Red scoria gravel drill pads are being laid down at a rate of 200 a month. North Dakota's Landscape Energized [Photos] 2014-02-21T22:00:00Z Rabbits burrow in the heaps of scoria on the slopes of the mountains. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z It has been found profitable to resmelt the scoriae of the ancient workings. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 4 "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" 2011-11-28T03:00:19.517Z The members of the Spanish expedition to Easter Island in 1770 were the first to record their descriptions of the scoria hats. 'Genius engineers' Easter Island's hats 2018-06-18T04:00:00Z That which is ejected from the chimney is called scoria as with other metals. De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556 2011-11-16T03:00:21.977Z Our decks were covered with dust and scoriae, and this fell steadily all that day. The Island of Gold A Sailor's Yarn 2011-10-03T02:00:28.483Z Indeed, it was a glen no longer, but filled entirely up with fallen rocks, lava, and scoria. Annie o' the Banks o' Dee 2011-09-12T02:00:26.230Z The lime was added as a flux, and acted to unite with itself the sand, clay and other impurities to form a slag or scoria. Inventions in the Century 2011-07-20T02:00:14.643Z Large quantities of iron scoria, scattered over the fields near the village, are generally allowed to indicate that a Roman bloomery was established near the spot. A Tour throughout South Wales and Monmouthshire 2011-07-08T02:00:18.387Z Veins of ochre and clay, holes filled with scoria, with intrusions of larger or smaller fragments of various rocks and minerals, and a kind of stratification, are the principal features of this trachytic formation. The Highlands of Ethiopia 2011-02-25T03:01:07.193Z The days have been days of darkness; the ashes and scoriae have been falling constantly, and now lie an inch at least in depth upon our deck. The Island of Gold A Sailor's Yarn 2011-10-03T02:00:28.483Z Though damaged by the falling scoria, it was once more green; but the grave in which the gold and pearls lay was covered three feet deep in lava and small stones. Annie o' the Banks o' Dee 2011-09-12T02:00:26.230Z As no rock or gravel was available for macadamizing, scoria or volcanic cinder was used, of which material there is an inexhaustible supply along the right-of-way. Third Biennial Report of the Oregon State Highway Commission Covering the Period December 1st, 1916 to November 30th, 1918 2011-02-23T03:00:35.127Z The surface was corrugated with lava runs, that had been liquid some centuries before—now congealed into scoriae that resembled the slag cast forth from a furnace. The Bandolero A Marriage among the Mountains 2011-02-09T03:00:48.583Z The non-metallic particles being brought to a state of fusion by the constant action of four pair of hand-worked bellows, the iron with the scoria sinks to the bottom. The Highlands of Ethiopia 2011-02-25T03:01:07.193Z The first of these shows no sign of either lavas or scoriae, but volcanic rocks occur on the margins of the other two. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z All that fearful day and all the following night scoria and ashes continued to fall, the thunder never ceased, and the lightning was still incessant. Annie o' the Banks o' Dee 2011-09-12T02:00:26.230Z With great difficulty, he thrust it home on the far side into a honey-combed mass of crumbling scoriae lava. The White Man's Foot 2010-12-28T03:00:15.167Z Here, though, he had a check, by the clothes of the infant catching in the rough scoria, when—foxlike—he backed out, turned, and then began to back in. A Double Knot There is plain evidence of these volcanic cones and craters having discharged basalt, lava, scoria, cinders, and the like within a comparatively modern period. Under the Southern Cross or Travels in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Samoa, and Other Pacific Islands The shower of ashes and scoria quickly covered him, and nineteen hundred years later the workmen, excavating the ruins, discovered his body at the base of yonder wall. Pharos, The Egyptian A Romance They are at a depth of about 12 ft., in slaty shale containing Llandeilo fossils and contemporaneous felspathic ash and scoriae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 3 "Convention" to "Copyright" This doctrine is abstruse, and though the images of "garment," "scoriae," "mirror," &c., may stimulate the fancy, we must summon the aid of subtler and more vital expositors to make it plain. Nature On one side of it is the gaol, a group of buildings surrounded by a wall and palisades, and situated in a scoria quarry. Brighter Britain! (Volume 1 of 2) or Settler and Maori in Northern New Zealand Burning cinders and scoria lit up the eastern horizon like a fountain of fire. The Bridge of the Gods A Romance of Indian Oregon. 19th Edition. Some things stood out sharply like the spaceship-sized lump of burning scoria that had plunged into a lake near them, showering the line with hot drops of water. Deathworld It stands, a little to the right of the trail, on a rise of scoria and burned earth, from which it juts up in rugged relief to the height of twenty or thirty feet. The Land of Thor The apparent scoria here is simply a reproduction of the iron of the underlying flagstones, transferred, through the agency of water, to that stratum of vegetable mould and boulder-clay which represents the recent period. The Cruise of the Betsey or, A Summer Ramble Among the Fossiliferous Deposits of the Hebrides. With Rambles of a Geologist or, Ten Thousand Miles Over the Fossiliferous Deposits of Scotland After the scoriae have been skimmed off, the upper and purer portion of the mass is refined, and the lower part re-melted. The Mines and its Wonders Finally they emerged from the bush altogether, to find themselves breasting a steep slope, the soil of which was composed of fine scoriae and ashes. Dick Leslie's Luck A Story of Shipwreck and Adventure The disgruntled cattle-owners, under a guard of ten men, were resting quietly far from anything resembling excitement in one of the untracked places among the mesas and scoria buttes. The Free Range Basalt and scoria are the chief erupted materials. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" The whole island is of volcanic formation, and its rocks are of black scoria. The Old Helmet, Volume II Here are met with decomposed lava, scoria, and pumice-stones in great abundance, whilst below stretches away the boundless sea of clouds. Celebrated Travels and Travellers Part III. The Great Explorers of the Nineteenth Century The characteristic phenomenon of a volcanic eruption is the steam which issues from the crater before the appearance of the molten lava, dust, ashes and scoria. Complete Story of the San Francisco Horror The six sat in the shade of a huge bowlder that had broken off and rolled down the side of the red scoria butte. The Free Range Instead of, as in the case of fire volcanoes, the ejected matters being smoke, flame, lava, scoria, pumice stone, and scalding mud. A Girl's Ride in Iceland When he came to himself after the disappearance of Kate, his heart was a wasted field of volcanic action, with ashes and scoriae of infernal blackness on the surface, but the wholesome soil beneath. The Manxman A Novel - 1895 Even the scoria, or slag from the furnaces, has been found to be good for something, and now it is made into a coarse sort of brick that for certain rough uses is of value. Diggers in the Earth As yet the coarse scoria evolved from darkness, which makes it so difficult for the adult to embrace the mysteries of the spirit like a little child, had not formed around her. Spontaneous Activity in Education Rolling hills surrounded the little pocket on all sides, and here and there a red scoria butte thrust its ugly height out of the plain. The Free Range Just as a fringe of scoria and lava encircles the mouth of a burning mountain. A Girl's Ride in Iceland Geology": "A volcano is an opening in the earth from whence matter has been ejected by heat, in the form of lava, scoria, or ashes. Elementary Guide to Literary Criticism Westward, not a quarter of a mile from the house, behind a hedge of cottonwoods, the river swung in a long circle at the foot of steep buttes crested with scoria. Roosevelt in the Bad Lands We passed through a lane of black scoria, with steep banks on both sides. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 19 — Travel and Adventure We are terribly hot with our climb, but the air here is splendidly invigorating, and we turn to finish our last hit of a few hundred feet over loose lava, pumice, and scoria. Jack at Sea All Work and no Play made him a Dull Boy “But, if I may joodge from zee stones ant scoriae around,” said the professor, “zee volcano is not always so peaceful as it is joost now.” Blown to Bits The Lonely Man of Rakata, the Malay Archipelago No vegetation, no climatic action has sensibly changed the hues of the lava and scoriae that in some places cover the plains for miles. The Scalp Hunters Occasionally a part of the wall might even go black, into pock-marked scoriae or into brilliant planes of obsidian. The Vortex Blaster The headlong, stammering, vivid man had made a mistake—the fat, unwieldy, diamond-hearted creature, all crusted with slag and scoria. Despair's Last Journey It was awkward travelling, the black sand having given place to loose pieces of scoria and obsidian, some pieces of which crackled under their boots, and took revenge by entering into the soles. Jack at Sea All Work and no Play made him a Dull Boy Unlike some of its companions, however, it owes its bulk less to lava flows than to the explosive eruptions which threw forth bombs and scoriae. The Mountain that was 'God' Being a Little Book About the Great Peak Which the Indians Named 'Tacoma' but Which is Officially Called 'Rainier' Corchado, on his return, gathered up some of the scoria and carried it to Puebla, when it was found to contain so large a percentage of sulphur as to warrant its 'denouncement' as a sulphur-mine. Mexico and its Religion With Incidents of Travel in That Country During Parts of the Years 1851-52-53-54, and Historical Notices of Events Connected With Places Visited But slowly, for inside there was not a level space, all being a chaos of riven and scattered masses of slag, obsidian, and scoria, ragged, sharp and in part glazed by the fluid rock. Fire Island Being the Adventures of Uncertain Naturalists in an Unknown Track From what I have seen a great deal of it is loose scoria. Mother Carey's Chicken Her Voyage to the Unknown Isle Still another plain, black with lava and the scoriae of extinct volcanoes—black, treeless, and herbless—with not an atom of organic matter upon its desolate surface. The Rifle Rangers A dry water-course cut deeply into the cliff where torrential rains had found an upright layer of soft scoria imbedded in the mass of basalt. The Stowaway Girl The best materials for tempering stiff clays are sand, pounded brick or tile, or scoria, from smelting furnaces. Draining for Profit, and Draining for Health Finding that, as he had expected, it was an intensely hard miniature mountain of vitrified scoria, and tolerably easy of ascent, he began to climb. Fire Island Being the Adventures of Uncertain Naturalists in an Unknown Track The telescope reveals a parapet of scoria on the brim, as on Teneriffe. The Andes and the Amazon Across the Continent of South America Above the wooded zone Ætna is covered with miniature cones thrown up by different eruptions and regions of dreary plateau covered with scoriae and ashes and buried under snow a part of the year. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors, Volume 8 Italy and Greece, Part Two The column of cinders, of scoriae, of broken rocks and earth, had wholly ceased to ascend. A Journey to the Centre of the Earth The cupellation of large quantities of alloy or of alloys which contain tin, antimony, iron, or any substance which produces a scoria, or corrodes the cupel, must be preceded by a scorification. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. Here, Oliver, lad, look at the great pieces of scoria and pumice. Fire Island Being the Adventures of Uncertain Naturalists in an Unknown Track Several pieces of scoria, or lava, were found on the road, showing a district here once to have had active volcanoes. Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa Performed in the Years 1850-51, Volume 2 Under the Orders and at the Expense of Her Majesty's Government We passed along the tolerably high dam, while the scoria rolled regularly off the sides at our feet. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors, Volume 8 Italy and Greece, Part Two A clinking and crackling followed, as if a mass of scoria were shattered, then a deafening peal shook the cliffs to the very foundations. The Delight Makers Rings of pale-coloured scoria may be due to tin, zinc, antimony, or arsenic. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. As none offered to stay me, however, I continued my way up the steep sides, which I found to be composed of rocks and scoria, with occasional patches of coarse grass. Adventures in Southern Seas A Tale of the Sixteenth Century Ottajano, a little nearer to the volcano, had been buried in scoria, and nine-tenths of the roofs had fallen in, rendering the dwellings untenable. Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad Nothing but vast beds of glistering lava, now rough like immense piles of scoriae and clinker, now smooth like crystal mirrors, and reflecting the Sun's rays with the same intolerable glare. All Around the Moon Such poems are worth folios of the erudite and stilted pages which are now so rapidly pouring their scoria around us. The Continental Monthly, Vol. 4, No. 4, October, 1863 Devoted to Literature and National Policy It is hard for any blossom of modern poetry to root itself in the scoriae of Hecla. A History of English Romanticism in the Nineteenth Century As they toiled up many a steep ascent, Father José sometimes picked up fragments of scoria, which spake to his imagination of direful volcanoes and impending earthquakes. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 12, No. 72, October, 1863 At different periods, and in different degrees of activity and force, the permanent volcanoes emit steam acids, luminous scoriae, or, when the resistance can be overcome, narrow, band-like streams of molten earths. COSMOS: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 The columnar form of the lava itself, reposing on, and covered by beds of scoria, ashes, and pumice, which affords a strong argument for the volcanic origin of the columns themselves. A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels — Volume 12 Arranged in Systematic Order: Forming a Complete History of the Origin and Progress of Navigation, Discovery, and Commerce, by Sea and Land, from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time He describes it as possessing a narrow entrance facing north, entirely sheltered from the sun by lava-rocks, and by the trees of a wood which covers the cone of scoria. Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland The kindly, generous twilight, so unlike the swift shrift of the Florida levels, still lingers; and presently, amid bits of syenite, volcanic tuff and scoria, she has found this nodule of amygdaloid. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science Volume 12, No. 31, October, 1873 The beach was strewn with scoria and cinders; in dolorous soughs, a chill wind blew; wails issued from the caves; and yellow, spooming surges, lashed the moaning strand. Mardi: and A Voyage Thither, Vol. II We must, however, distinguish here between the scoriae accidentally formed, and those which have been designedly produced by chemists. COSMOS: A Sketch of the Physical Description of the Universe, Vol. 1 On approaching nearer the apex, the path was over cinders, fine black sand, and scoria. The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction Volume 20, No. 568, September 29, 1832 Besides the scoriae, I found upon the hillside much broken pottery, and from the shape of several fragments it was easy to restore the form of earthenware pots which were probably used for smelting purposes. Wanderings by southern waters, eastern Aquitaine Like a volcano, his mind blazed with wit, and buried sound sense beneath the scoriae and ashes it belched forth. The Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti The cloud-mass of fine penetrating scoriae must have instantly stopped their works, and they had fallen silent with man. The Purple Cloud These consist either of lava or scoriae, or of finely- stratified, sandstone-like tuff. The Voyage of the Beagle The practically trained eye could see the scoria which indicates the defective welding. James Nasmyth: Engineer; an autobiography The patent further describes that "as the workman stirs the metal," the scoriae will separate, "and the particles of iron will adhere, which particles the workman must collect or gather into a mass or lump." Industrial Biography, Iron Workers and Tool Makers Beyond the desert rise the lava flats, scoriae strewn; sharp-cutting walls of narrow canons; league-wide, frozen puddles of black rock, intolerable and forbidding. The Land of Little Rain For a long way the soil was composed of a reddish sandy stone, something like crushed brick, scoriae, streams of lava, and pumice-stones. Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea The path coiled down abruptly into a narrow ravine between two tumbled and knotty masses of blackish scoriae. The Island of Doctor Moreau But now the clear flow of pure metal into the moulds was secured, while the scoriae were mechanically held back. James Nasmyth: Engineer; an autobiography Hence the numerous heaps of scoriae found in the neighbourhood of Leeds,—at Middleton, Whitkirk, and Horsforth—all within the borough. Industrial Biography, Iron Workers and Tool Makers "I hoped, too," continued the Professor, "to get a little scoria." Punchinello, Volume 1, No. 20, August 13, 1870 The soil was still of the same volcanic nature; everywhere were traces of lava, scoriae, and basalt; but the crater which had vomited them I could not see. Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea A very valuable manure is that of the scoria or residue of dephosphated steel, formerly thrown away as worthless, but now largely imported from Hungary for agricultural purposes. In the Heart of the Vosges And Other Sketches by a "Devious Traveller" Its entrails are strewn about; nearly the entire surface of the ground is covered with cinder-heaps and mounds of scoriae. James Nasmyth: Engineer; an autobiography In the first imperfect attempts the air was heated to little more than 80 degrees Fahrenheit, yet the results were satisfactory, and the scoriae from the furnace evidently contained less iron. Industrial Biography, Iron Workers and Tool Makers There was nothing to suggest the silence of once roaring flame, no half-molten rocks, no huge, honey-combed scoriae, no depths within depths glooming mystery and ancient horror. Heather and Snow Like the knuckle-bone of the Tenerife ham it is a contorted mass of red and black lavas and scoriae, with sharp slides and stone-floods still distinctly traceable. To the Gold Coast for Gold A Personal Narrative in Two Volumes.—Volume I But though these remains of charcoal and scoria are not ancient, yet the little rill does ooze from the plateau on which I believe Marius raised the pyre. In Troubadour-Land A Ramble in Provence and Languedoc The ore is flung into the blast furnace, and the scum rises to the surface, and may be ladled off, and the pure stream, cleansed because it is heated, flows out without scoriae or ash. Expositions of Holy Scripture St. Luke This mode of operating produced somewhat better results, but still neither the iron nor the cinder obtained resembled the pig or scoria of the blast-furnace, which it was his ambition to imitate. Industrial Biography, Iron Workers and Tool Makers In the walls of this crater many caves are found, and here again a village was established, the caves in the scoria being utilized as habitations of men. Canyons of the Colorado La Isleta appears to have been a burial-ground of the indigenes, who, instead of stowing away their mummies in caves, built detached sepulchres and raised tumuli of scoriae over their embalmed dead. To the Gold Coast for Gold A Personal Narrative in Two Volumes.—Volume I There should be mountains of scoriae, the dross and relics of our abandoned sins, around us all. Expositions of Holy Scripture St. Mark Shortly before our departure from Sharmá, he brought in some scoriae and slag, broken and streaked with copper—in fact, ekvolades. The Land of Midian — Volume 1 It contains, sometimes, scoria and pumice, in pieces of various sizes, besides, occasionally, impressions of plants, with petrified woods. The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes These hills consist of ragged scoria, elevated 300 to 400 feet above the plain, and are nearly destitute of vegetation. Journals of Australian Explorations Plebeian saws, salient images, dry sentences of metaphysical speculation, logical summaries, and fiery tirades are hurled together— half crude and cindery scoriae, half molten metal and resplendent ore— from the volcano of his passionate mind. Sonnets Beyond the desert rise the lava flats, scoriae strewn; sharp-cutting walls of narrow cañons; league-wide, frozen puddles of black rock, intolerable and forbidding. The Land of Little Rain What a tilth of intellectual lava must that man have interfused amongst the refuse and scoria of such mouldering party rubbish, to force up a new verdure and laughing harvests, annually increasing for new generations! Note Book of an English Opium-Eater The cone which rises from its center is remarkably regular, and consists for the most part of cinders and scoria. The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes We have as yet no proof that Man witnessed the origin of these hills of lava and scoriae of the middle phase of volcanic action. The Antiquity of Man Several hills resembled the Monte Novo, near Naples, or those hillocks of scoria and ashes which the opening earth threw up in a single night at the foot of the volcano of Jorullo, in Mexico. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 In its ordinary state," he says, "the surface of the lava, in the midst of which black scoriae are continually floating, remains several hundred feet below the edges of the water. Wonders of Creation It was of the hue of pumice, and as clean as an egg-shell, without a grain of calcined dust or any appearance of scoriae that I could anywhere observe. Stories by English Authors: the Sea The tufa is generally of a soft character, crumbling in the fingers, and in it are found coarse and fine fragments of scoria, pumice, etc. The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes The stream rolls on under the coating, and between the walls of scoriae, and it was the lateral crust which was broken through by the workmen mentioned in the text. The Earth as Modified by Human Action As we examined this rock at the distance of two cables' length, we found that it was a mass of lava three or four toises high, full of cavities, and covered with scoriae resembling coke. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 It is an all day's trip down into the crater and back, climbing over sliding sands and loose scoria, and our time was too limited to undertake it. Time and Change The irregular heaps of scoria that have accumulated in the vicinity of the iron works give the place an illusive air of antiquity; bit it is neither ancient nor picturesque. The Stillwater Tragedy The houses are, for the East, well built, flat-roofed and double-storied; the materials generally used are a basaltic scoria, burnt brick, and palm wood. Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah — Volume 1 It continued red-hot in broad daylight, and without a particle of scoriae on its surface, for a course of at least one hundred yards. The Earth as Modified by Human Action We observe hillocks and intumescences caused by the action of the elastic vapours, cones of broken scoriae and ashes which cover the funnels. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 And as the boat moved on he looked into horrid dells which the rains had torn out of the loose scoriae. South Wind Most volcanoes are built, like Vesuvius, both of lava flows and of tuffs, and sections show that the structure of the cone consists of outward-dipping, alternating layers of lava, scoria, and ashes. The Elements of Geology I, myself, in our immediate district, have never found any geological traces of scoria, or lava, or any eruptive rock whatever. The Master of the World And their planes of stratification are parallel to those of the overlying and underlying scoriae which form part of the same currents. The Student's Elements of Geology In the interior of a burning crater, near those hillocks formed by ejections of scoriae and ashes, the motion of the ground is felt several seconds before each partial eruption takes place. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 They had left he cultivated ground behind and were now ascending, by a cindery track of pumice-stone, among grotesque blocks of lava and scoriae that glowed like molten metal. South Wind In places small mounds of scoria show that the eruptions were accompanied to a slight degree by explosions of steam. The Elements of Geology Now, the part of ejected scoriae and ashes seemed to my mind a very rough one to act. A Journey to the Interior of the Earth If occasionally globular pieces of scoriae abound in an agglomerate, they may not owe their round form to attrition. The Student's Elements of Geology We ascended the Piton by grasping these half-decomposed scoriae, which often broke in our hands. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 Its cone consists of a pyramid of stone and scoriae, rising to the height of about five thousand feet, and welded together by bands of molten matter which have issued from its sides. Letters from High Latitudes Cones made of fragments may have sides as steep as the angle of repose, which in the case of coarse scoria is sometimes as high as thirty or forty degrees. The Elements of Geology You walk over blackish scoriae encrusted with brazen bolts and particles of melted glass. Egypt (La Mort de Philae) These tuffs, and the associated trappean rocks, must not be compared to lava and scoriae which had cooled in the open air. The Student's Elements of Geology At the Salvages, which islands La Perouse took at a distance for masses of scoriae, even fibrous gypsum is found. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 The porphyritic conglomerate being purple or reddish, even when alternating with dusty- coloured or bright green porphyries and amygdaloids, is probably an analogous circumstance to the scoriae of the blackish basalts being often bright red. Geological Observations on South America The conglomerate welding there together is a vitrified scoria full of very small bubbles made by the escape of gas which had not had sufficient strength to get out. Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples This rule does not apply to craters composed of lava and scoriae. Volcanic Islands In it we recognise the ordinary form of a crater, for which we have been prepared by the occurrence of scoriae scattered over the surface of the soil. The Student's Elements of Geology Islets, which are now but heaps of scoriae and volcanic ashes, were once perhaps as fertile as the hills of Tacoronte and Sauzal. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 The streams are separated from each other by beds of fragmentary brown scoriae, firmly cemented together, and including a few well-rounded pebbles of lava. Geological Observations on South America But one human skeleton has so far been found in Santorin, and that is of an inhabitant who had evidently been overtaken in his flight and crushed beneath the burning scoriae from the volcano. Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples It is interesting thus to trace the steps by which a compact granular rock becomes converted into a vesicular, pseudo-porphyritic lava, and finally into red scoriae. Volcanic Islands It seems that, when the ancient lake of the Limagne first began to be filled with sediment, no volcanic action had yet produced lava and scoriae on any part of the surface of Auvergne. The Student's Elements of Geology These conjectures exposed me to severe animadversions from M. G.A. de Luc, who is of opinion that every volcanic island is only an accumulation of lavas and scoriae. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 From this point upward these rapidly increase, so that the blocks of rock and scoria that form the mountain slope are completely hidden in a mossy vegetation. The Malay Archipelago, the land of the orang-utan and the bird of paradise; a narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature — Volume 1 In all the houses and in every room of each were found beneath the tufa burying them masses of lava and volcanic scoriae, forming a most eloquent witness of the cause of their destruction. Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples Beds of ashes and far-ejected scoriae, as previously stated, are almost absent; nor did I see a fragment of obsidian or of pumice. Volcanic Islands While I was myself on this peak on January 25, 1854, I saw the wind, though it was not stormy weather, removing sand and dust derived from the decomposing scoriae. The Student's Elements of Geology They remain thirty or forty years without emitting scoriae, ashes, or even vapours. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 Mr. Wallace states that he found fragments of scoriae, and believes the hill to be a volcanic cone. The Naturalist on the River Amazons This eruption went on until 1870, and the quantity of scoriae vomited forth during its continuance welded three islets, which had hitherto been separate, to the principal island, of which they now form part. Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples Two of these streams of basalt were separated from each other by a layer of argillaceous wacke, which could be traced passing into partially altered scoriae. Volcanic Islands Some, however, have been compared to the mere skeletons of volcanoes, the rains and torrents having washed their sides, and removed all the loose sand and scoriae, leaving only the harder and more solid materials. The Student's Elements of Geology Thence it becomes difficult to judge whether the emission of scoriae may have been more frequent at the time when an earthquake has been felt in the Apennines. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 There was light pumice everywhere, but nothing like recent lava or scoriae. Unbeaten Tracks in Japan The recent events had stirred Paris to its lowest depths, and, as from the crater of a volcano in labor, all the social scoriae rose to the surface. Other People's Money The chief part consists of red decomposing scoriae, associated with various kinds of tuff and yellow argillaceous beds, full of broken crystals, those of augite being particularly large. Volcanic Islands And in most of the instances with which we are best acquainted the emission of lava, scoria, and steam is accompanied by the uplifting of the solid crust. The Student's Elements of Geology Immediately overhead the great crater was belching incandescent rock and scoria for an incredible distance. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire The like stuff is in Anacharsis: hot metal; full of scoriae, which should and could have been smelted out, but which will not. The French Revolution Hardened lava and crusted scoria formed a sort of natural staircase of large steps, which would greatly facilitate the ascent to the summit of the mountain. The Mysterious Island The mass contains numerous broken crystals of olivine and augite, and small particles of black and brown scoriae; it is often traversed by thin seams of calcareous matter. Volcanic Islands The fragments of scoriae, embedded in the crystalline calcareous basis, are of a jet black colour, with a glossy fracture like pitchstone. Volcanic Islands Gases and steam escaping from other similar masses may leave them hollow, when they are termed bombs, or may pit their surfaces with irregular bubble-cavities, when they are called scoriae or scoriaceous. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire This hollow has been nearly filled up with many successive sheets of ashes and scoriae, of different colours, and slightly consolidated. Volcanic Islands As there is no reason to suppose, that the craters formed of scoriae and lava were erupted whilst standing in the sea, we can see why the rule does not apply to them. Volcanic Islands They consist, either of a mere conical pile, or, but less commonly, of a circle, of black and red, glossy scoriae, partially cemented together. Volcanic Islands Calcareous deposit at St. Jago affected by heat. -fibrous matter, entangled in streaks in scoriae. -freestone at Ascension. -incrustations at Ascension. -sandstone at St. Helena. -superficial beds at King George's sound. Volcanic Islands It is not uncommon for small cones of scoriae to be seen following lines on the flanks or at the base of a great volcanic mountain. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire In the neighbourhood of Green Mountain, fragments of extraneous rock are not unfrequently found embedded in the midst of masses of scoriae. Volcanic Islands Subsequent volcanic eruptions, associated with calcareous matter in an earthy and fibrous form, and often enclosed within the separate cells of the scoriae. Volcanic Islands On some of the hills, beds of calcareous matter, both in an earthy and in a crystalline form, including fragments of glossy scoriae, are associated with the basaltic strata. Volcanic Islands It accords with this view, that I found on Signal Post Hill, a mass of earthy, calcareous matter of the same nature, mingled with scoriae. Volcanic Islands Four days later a second crater was formed near the first, from which lava was emitted, together with sand and scoriae, which caused cones to arise around the craters. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire The solid matter thrown out by volcanoes consists of lapilli, scoriae, dust and bombs. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire In texture they may be stony, glassy, resin-like, vesicular or cellular and light in weight, as in the case of pumice or scoria. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire Fragments of the scoriae embedded in the calcareous mass, when broken, exhibit many of their cells lined and partly filled with a white, delicate, excessively fragile, moss-like, or rather conferva-like, reticulation of carbonate of lime. Volcanic Islands Fragments of scoria or pumice may be thrown hundreds or thousands of feet into the atmosphere, those that fall into the crater and are flung up again being gradually reduced in size by friction. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire This, bursting with a crackling noise, threw out to the height of about 1200 feet large quantities of red-hot stones and scoriae, which, describing parabolic curves, fell in a fiery, shower all around. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire Along these fissures, in a few days, scoriae cones appeared; on one occasion no less than thirty-six in number. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire The surface of the Val del Bove appeared like a molten lake; scoriae were thrown up from the craters to a great height, and loud explosions were heard at frequent intervals. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire Within the cells of many fragments of the scoria, the lime exhibits this fibrous structure, but generally in a less perfect degree. Volcanic Islands The cone destroyed may have been largely composed of rather fine ashes and scoriae, which was almost instantaneously converted into mud by the condensing steam and the boiling water ejected. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire On its flanks lay some small deposits of scoriae, indications of far-past eruptions, and there were some hot springs at its base, while steam arose from a fissure. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire Myriads of tons of ashes, cinders, pumice and scoriae, hurled from the crater, fell in every section of the island. The San Francisco calamity by earthquake and fire |
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