| 单词 | rotten borough |
| 例句 | Also, there were “rotten boroughs,” electoral districts with no one in them which were controlled remotely by a lord. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Only about 44 individuals, residents of two mobile home parks in the district, have votes, an arrangement that resembles the “rotten boroughs” of British history — parliamentary districts controlled by individual squires. Column: Heaps of money got Disney what it wanted in Florida, until now 2022-04-04T04:00:00Z Last time, 68% of votes were utterly wasted, lost in those rotten boroughs called safe seats. Britain is divided. That’s why we need a hung parliament again | Polly Toynbee 2019-11-04T05:00:00Z Strict suffrage laws and rotten boroughs insulated real power from the political circus, not to mention the angry crowds that rose up against everything from low wages to high bread prices to anti-poaching laws. America looks hopeless — a lot like the “mother country” once did 2018-08-01T04:00:00Z The framers were keenly aware of the corruption of the English system of parliamentary elections, in which “rotten boroughs” and similar devices interfered with genuine democratic expression. Opinion | History frowns on partisan gerrymandering 2017-10-01T04:00:00Z The gainers are network insiders such as the heads of advocacy organizations formed to “lead” the new ethnicities and the politicians who get elected in the rotten boroughs that emerge from ethnicity-based redistricting. Think of America as one people? The census begs to differ. 2016-12-02T05:00:00Z Britain outlawed rotten boroughs in 1832, or 135 years before Disney created Reedy Creek. Column: Heaps of money got Disney what it wanted in Florida, until now 2022-04-04T04:00:00Z Like British parliamentary elections in the 18th century, the Republican presidential primary in 2016 may be decided in rotten boroughs. Republican 'rotten boroughs' could clinch nomination due to delegate quirk 2016-04-19T04:00:00Z The next session he moves to disfranchise that rotten borough, which had been convicted of bribery, and transfer its members to Leeds. Sketches of Reforms and Reformers, of Great Britain and Ireland 2012-03-12T03:00:20.310Z And not the phosphorescent light of rotten boroughs and corrupt corporations, Mr. Vaughan. Chippinge Borough 2012-02-15T03:00:32.210Z In 1801 he was Member of Parliament for Old Sarum; but how he reconciled the representation of that rottenest of rotten boroughs with his profession of reforming Whig does not appear. The Brighton Road The Classic Highway to the South 2012-01-24T03:00:26.933Z About these rotten boroughs a few words must be said. Cornwall 2011-12-05T03:00:38.530Z We have put her away in an old chest with hoops and tie-wigs and gibbets and pirates and Newgate ordinaries and rotten boroughs and watchet ribbands. The Passionate Elopement 2011-12-02T03:00:19.930Z He loaned money to a "noble" gambler, who gave him security for the loan on a rotten borough, which sent a member. Sketches of Reforms and Reformers, of Great Britain and Ireland 2012-03-12T03:00:20.310Z The rotten boroughs of old were abolished and replaced by a much better redistribution of electoral divisions. England, Canada and the Great War 2011-10-20T02:00:21.577Z To the royal proclamation against seditious writings corporations and rotten boroughs responded with loyal addresses. The Life Of Thomas Paine, Vol. I. (of II) With A History of His Literary, Political and Religious Career in America France, and England; to which is added a Sketch of Paine by William Cobbett 2011-10-12T02:00:38.787Z The coalition ministry in 1784 rested on the great landowners and the proprietors of rotten boroughs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 7 "Geoponici" to "Germany" 2011-09-26T02:00:25.313Z It was so in the days of rotten boroughs, of Sir Robert Walpole, of Pitt and Fox, of Castlereagh and Canning and Sidmouth, and is still so now.’ Crying for the Light, Vol. 2 [of 3] or Fifty Years Ago 2011-07-23T02:00:11.327Z Its opponents obtained their recruits chiefly from close corporations and rotten boroughs. Sketches of Reforms and Reformers, of Great Britain and Ireland 2012-03-12T03:00:20.310Z Members of parliament were frequently chosen in rotten boroughs. The Colonization of North America 1492-1783 2011-07-06T02:00:47.077Z But former Lib Dem leader Lord Ashdown presented the contrary view in a comparing opponents of reform to those who spoke against expanding the franchise and the abolition of rotten boroughs in the 19th century. Pick of the Parliamentary week 2011-06-24T12:03:39Z The county members still formed the most independent portion of the representation, and there were many possessors of rotten boroughs, who were ready to agree with the county members rather than with the great landowners. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 5 English History 2011-02-12T03:00:32.473Z The Parliament, the body on which corruption had to operate, was a Parliament of rotten boroughs, the nominations for which were sold in open market. Irish History and the Irish Question 2011-01-16T03:00:22.640Z The point in controversy was the disfranchisement of a rotten borough, which had been convicted of bribery. Sketches of Reforms and Reformers, of Great Britain and Ireland 2012-03-12T03:00:20.310Z In England the improved facilities of travel provided by the stage coach had much to do with advancing parliamentary government and doing away with the system of “rotten borough” representation in Parliament. Stained Glass Tours in England 2011-01-03T03:01:00.547Z The abandonment of rotten boroughs was no acknowledgment that every individual subject to government had the right to control government. A Short History of English Liberalism 2010-12-22T15:03:38.007Z Sense, Part I. Englishmen considered rotten boroughs the only rotten part of the constitution, but Common Sense and Junius both considered that the disease had extended from the extremities to the heart. Junius Unmasked or, Thomas Paine the author of the Letters of Junius and the Declaration of Independence It was they who carried reform and abolished rotten boroughs, and gave Manchester and Sheffield and Birmingham the representatives which the Tories, and especially the parsons, would have denied them. Christopher Crayon's Recollections The Life and Times of the late James Ewing Ritchie as told by himself Stonehenge was in the district of Old Sarum, once a rotten borough, as certain places in England were termed which, with little or no population, had yet the right to be represented in Parliament. Reminiscences, 1819-1899 Cornwall was, in fact, notorious for the number of its rotten boroughs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 4 "Coquelin" to "Costume" Between 1768 and 1770 there was a distinct tendency in politics towards the reform of Parliament, the reduction of the number of rotten boroughs, and the restriction of the influence of the Crown. A Short History of English Liberalism 2010-12-22T15:03:38.007Z As to cutting away the rotten boroughs, I am as much offended as any man at seeing so many of them under the direct influence of the crown, or at the disposal of private persons. Junius Unmasked or, Thomas Paine the author of the Letters of Junius and the Declaration of Independence No wonder the popular fury swept away the rotten boroughs, and no wonder that the long struggle for reform ended in the triumph, not so much of the people, as the middle-class. Christopher Crayon's Recollections The Life and Times of the late James Ewing Ritchie as told by himself I saw enough of that in the few rotten boroughs we have left in England, but my imagination never worked towards the full and original development in this country. Ancestors A Novel Samoan rotten borough, a small isle of huge political importance, heaven knows why, where a handful of chiefs make half the trouble in the country. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. 25 (of 25) But Scottish boroughs were the most rotten of all rotten boroughs. A Short History of English Liberalism 2010-12-22T15:03:38.007Z He will find no quiet clique of the exclusive, studious and cultured; no rotten borough of the arts. The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, Volume 9 The rotten boroughs now seem not quite such abominations, or at all events they had some compensating advantages. The Greville Memoirs A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV and King William IV, Vol. III We have our machine and our compromises, and all the rest of it; and even a few wholly rotten boroughs. Ancestors A Novel What difficulty can they have in swallowing the rest after they have given up the rotten boroughs? The Greville Memoirs A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV and King William IV, Vol. II But the gem of the book is the election for the borough of One-Vote—a very amusing farce on the subject of rotten boroughs. Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 Our Parliament, such as it was, with a narrow franchise and rotten boroughs, retained its rights; and in time we secured the independence of the judges and the integrity of an aristocratic law. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 14, No. 86, December, 1864 The Republicans retained the Senate partly because of the "rotten borough" States, Idaho and Wyoming, which they had just admitted. The New Nation He proposed to disfranchise a few rotten boroughs; but to soften this measure he afterwards suggested that a million should be set aside to buy such boroughs as should voluntarily apply for disfranchisement. The English Utilitarians, Volume I. No rotten borough absorbs more cash than the fashionable world. Modern Women and What is Said of Them A Reprint of A Series of Articles in the Saturday Review (1868) Brougham followed this up with a motion for a reform of the rotten borough system. A History of the Nineteenth Century, Year by Year Volume Two (of Three) These were among the most corrupt of the old "rotten boroughs," and the scandalous practices which flourished in both of them had more than once shocked even the unreformed parliament. The Political History of England - Vol XI From Addington's Administration to the close of William IV.'s Reign (1801-1837) Before 1832 a great part of the members of the House of Commons were chosen, not by the voters at large but by a few individuals, who controlled the so-called "rotten boroughs." An Introduction to the History of Western Europe Cobbett could join the reformers in so far as, like them, he thought that the rotten boroughs were a vital part of the system. The English Utilitarians, Volume II (of 3) James Mill Wilkes anticipated the Reform Bill of a later time by proposing to disfranchise the rotten boroughs, and to give members in their stead to the counties and to the more populous and wealthy towns. History of the English People, Volume VIII Modern England, 1760-1815 Throughout this year in England raged the great debate over the The Reform Bill government's proposed reform of the rotten borough system. A History of the Nineteenth Century, Year by Year Volume Two (of Three) There were no rotten boroughs, and members of the legislative assemblies were subject to annual re-election. History of the English People, Volume VII The Revolution, 1683-1760; Modern England, 1760-1767 Russell was the youngest son of the Duke of Bedford; and the Duke was one of the large territorial magnates and a proprietor of rotten boroughs. Historical Essays Their practice in the "constitution" line consists in annihilating rotten borough A because it is Tory; in conserving rotten borough B because it is Whig. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume 54, No. 334, August 1843 There was no such system of rotten boroughs, no such domination of a landed aristocracy, throughout the South as has been imagined, and venality, which is the disgrace of current politics, was practically unknown. The Creed of the Old South 1865-1915 In the Cabinet, Huskisson's strong stand on the rotten borough question, Huskisson with his desire to accord Parliamentary representation to the working people of Birmingham, had caused his expulsion from the Duke of Wellington's councils. A History of the Nineteenth Century, Year by Year Volume Two (of Three) The seats hitherto assigned to small and rotten boroughs were transferred to larger constituencies, and for the most part to counties. History of the English People, Volume VI Puritan England, 1642-1660; The Revolution, 1660-1683 That is to say, he bought a borough—the borough of Old Sarum, the locality that was to become famous as the "rotten borough" of the Reform Bill. Little Journeys to the Homes of the Great, Volume 7 Little Journeys to the Homes of Eminent Orators As a matter of fact the Republican party in such commonwealths no longer exists and these delegates whether white or black represent merely rotten boroughs. The Journal of Negro History, Volume 5, 1920 In short, Tattleton was what the advocates of the whole Bill were apt to term a close and sometimes a rotten borough. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 453 Volume 18, New Series, September 4, 1852 The rather rotten borough became suffused with the radiant atmosphere of Olympus. The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 1 (of 3) 1809-1859 Seats for these rotten boroughs, as they were called, were simply bought and sold. The War of Independence The system of 'rotten boroughs' had many faults—our text-books of history do not spare it—but it may claim to have offered an easy way into Parliament for some men of brilliant talents. Victorian Worthies Sixteen Biographies They had for years past been agitating for a reform of the Irish Parliament on the lines subsequently adopted in 1831—chiefly by the abolition of the rotten boroughs. Home Rule Second Edition Unfortunately for his own peace of mind, Mr. Gordon identified himself with a rotten borough. Western Worthies A Gallery of Biographical and Critical Sketches of West of Scotland Celebrities It was one of the rotten boroughs swept away, and properly enough, by the Reform Bill. Recollections of the late William Beckford of Fonthill, Wilts and Lansdown, Bath They wished to61 reform the representation in Parliament in such wise as to disfranchise the rotten boroughs and give representatives to great towns like Leeds and Manchester. The War of Independence From rotten boroughs to household suffrage; from a government of classes to a government more truly popular than any other in the world outside of Switzerland and the United States. Modern Eloquence: Vol III, After-Dinner Speeches P-Z Those executives now rested their power almost entirely on the members returned by those very same rotten boroughs. Home Rule Second Edition The Reform Bill—the "Great Charter of 1832"—swept away the "rotten boroughs," which had disgraced the country. The Leading Facts of English History Consider how their political morals have been pulled up since the days of the rotten boroughs; consider how their court-life is now high and decent, and think what it once was. The Life and Letters of Walter H. Page, Volume I The Old Whigs needed the rotten boroughs in order to maintain their own control over Why George III. was ready to pick a quarrel with the Americans. The War of Independence The average price of a seat in Parliament was £5000 for a so-called 'rotten borough.' Queen Victoria He had begun his political activities by a successful attack on the rottenest of rotten boroughs; the enfranchisement of the Middle Class was the triumph of his middle life. Prime Ministers and Some Others A Book of Reminiscences These places now got the significant name of "rotten boroughs" from the fact that whether large or small there was no longer any sound political life existing in them. The Leading Facts of English History My heart ferments not with the bigot's leaven, All creeds I view with toleration thorough, And have a horror of regarding heaven As anybody's rotten borough. The Poetical Works of Thomas Hood He believed, with good reason, that the suppression of the rotten boroughs and the granting of fair and equal representation would soon put a stronger curb upon the crown than ever. The War of Independence Most of them were in the gift of noblemen or rich commoners, "rotten boroughs," having only "the bare name of a town, of which there remains not so much as the ruins." A History of English Prose Fiction He would have disfranchised the rotten boroughs and excluded placemen from Parliament. Political Thought in England from Locke to Bentham It was, in fact, his policy to reduce Florence to the condition of a rotten borough: nor did this policy fail. Sketches and Studies in Italy and Greece, Second Series Then, again, some plutocrats buy honours by lavishing coins in stinking, rotten boroughs. A Dream of the North Sea Wilkes proposed to disfranchise the rotten boroughs, to increase the county constituencies, and to give members to rich, populous, trading towns—a general policy which was accepted fifty-six years afterwards. Burke “Headlong Hall” begins with the Holyhead Mail, and “Crotchet Castle” ends with a rotten borough. Headlong Hall It was the patent anomalies of the existent scheme of distribution which made Locke here proffer his famous suggestion that the rotten boroughs should be abolished by executive act. Political Thought in England from Locke to Bentham He bought rotten boroughs; he was prodigal of places, honours, pensions, and at the end of a year he obtained a majority of 168 votes against 73. Cavour The abolition of rotten boroughs brought down a thousand ominous references to noyades, fusillades, and guillotines. Studies in Literature In truth, triennial or annual parliaments could have done no good, unless the change had been accompanied by the more important process of amputating, as Chatham called it, the rotten boroughs. Burke His descendant, the Earl of Chatham, was member for Old Sarum when it was the most celebrated, and execrated, of all the "rotten boroughs." Wanderings in Wessex An Exploration of the Southern Realm from Itchen to Otter He had no sympathy with the effort either to add to the county representation or to abolish the rotten boroughs. Political Thought in England from Locke to Bentham He will find no quiet clique of the exclusive, studious and cultured; no rotten borough of the arts. Memories and Portraits There arises," says he, "the old question of the Duke of Wellington, frightened by the prospect of the abolition of the rotten boroughs: How will the King's government be carried out? Proportional Representation A Study in Methods of Election I, thus qualified to sit For rotten boroughs, never show my wit? Byron's Poetical Works, Volume 1 Till that time arrives, the representation of Westminster will be upon a level with the rottenest of rotten boroughs. Memoirs of Henry Hunt, Esq. — Volume 3 The electors for the borough of Southwark rejected Mr. Tierney, and he was obliged to come in for a ministerial rotten borough. Memoirs of Henry Hunt, Esq. — Volume 2 There results a system of rotten boroughs and the opportunity for a well-organized lobby and the moneyed control of votes. The Development of Religious Liberty in Connecticut The King's government has been improved by the abolition of the rotten boroughs, and will be still further improved if opinion within the House of Commons is brought into more direct relation with opinion outside. Proportional Representation A Study in Methods of Election The nobles and squires not merely owned most of the landed property of the realm, but by their "rotten boroughs" could send whom they pleased to Parliament. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 10 European Leaders Lord Verney, for a seat in the privy council, was induced to give him a "rotten borough." Beacon Lights of History, Volume 09 European Statesmen By its provisions not only was the franchise extended, but fifty-six rotten boroughs, represented by 143 members, were swept away. The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 21 The Recent Days (1910-1914) Such towns were called "rotten boroughs," "pocket boroughs," "nomination boroughs." A Brief History of the United States Fifty-six of the "rotten boroughs" were disfranchised, and the 143 seats in the Lower House which they had filled were given to different counties and large towns. General History for Colleges and High Schools Even political principle must have been in danger of relaxation under such circumstances; and the violin, faithful to rotten boroughs, must have been tempted to fraternize in a demoralizing way with a reforming violoncello. The Mill on the Floss My heart ferments not with the bigot's leaven, All creeds I view with toleration thorough, And have a horror of regarding heaven As any body's rotten borough. The Humorous Poetry of the English Language; from Chaucer to Saxe It will be remembered how, after Clive had won Plassey, he came home full of riches and honours, obtained his peerage and bought his unique collection of rotten boroughs. The Adventure of Living : a Subjective Autobiography While these decayed towns and "rotten boroughs" continued to enjoy representation, populous and opulent cities like Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, and Sheffield were ignored. A Political and Social History of Modern Europe V.1. Absolutely rotten boroughs were abolished, but a large number of very small ones were retained, and the representation of the new towns was somewhat grudging and restricted. The History of England - a Study in Political Evolution Gentlemen, these rotten boroughs are your pains in the stomach—and you would have been a much richer and greater people if you had never had them at all. Public Speaking The agitation for parliamentary reform, which rose in the middle of the eighteenth century, was directed against the sale of seats in the rotten boroughs, and the shameless bribery. Ten Englishmen of the Nineteenth Century Such districts, or "rotten boroughs," were owned and controlled by many of the great landowners. Burke's Speech on Conciliation with America "When the Corn Laws are gone, and the rotten boroughs, why tease about Clause IX. in the Bill to regulate Cotton Factories?" is the latent thought of many peers. The English Constitution It also recovered its rotten boroughs and antiquated franchise, but lost its union with the parliaments of Ireland and Scotland. The History of England - a Study in Political Evolution They sprung not from the filth of rotten boroughs, nor are they the vassal representatives of aristocratical ones. Writings of Thomas Paine — Volume 2 (1779-1792): the Rights of Man The condition of the representation, the rotten boroughs, as those in decay were called, and the pocket boroughs, a name applied to those which were the property of individuals, opened the way for shameless corruption. Ten Englishmen of the Nineteenth Century For the clique had appropriated all right and claim to a monopoly of The Arabian Nights Entertainments which they held in hand as a rotten borough. The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night — Volume 16 Governor Pitt bought estates and rotten boroughs, and sat in the House of Commons for Old Sarum. Critical and Historical Essays — Volume 1 My honourable friend, and almost all the gentlemen who have taken the same side with him in this Debate, have dwelt much on the utility of close and rotten boroughs. Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 4 The Nation was to be at the expense of buying up the rotten boroughs, whereas it ought to punish the persons who deal in the traffic. Writings of Thomas Paine — Volume 2 (1779-1792): the Rights of Man The rotten boroughs could no longer be tolerated with safety to the state. Ten Englishmen of the Nineteenth Century Break, break the loom, Desert your hearths and furrows, And throng in arms to seal the doom Of England's rotten boroughs. Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches — Volume 3 You can't have tests and qualifications, rotten boroughs and the divine right of kings, back again. The Prime Minister Colonel Franchessini, so well known for his ardor in punishing the refractories of the National Guard, has been elected almost unanimously in one of the rotten boroughs of the civil list. The Deputy of Arcis As a combination, it can always throw a considerable portion of taxes from itself; and as an hereditary house, accountable to nobody, it resembles a rotten borough, whose consent is to be courted by interest. Writings of Thomas Paine — Volume 2 (1779-1792): the Rights of Man Thirty-five years before the Grey-Russell Whigs had disfranchised the rotten boroughs and admitted the middle class people of the towns to citizenship and parliamentary representation. Ten Englishmen of the Nineteenth Century The old unreformed Parliament of rotten boroughs had one advantage; but that is hereby, in a far more fruitful and effectual manner, secured to the new. Latter-Day Pamphlets Why, naturally, for one of the rotten boroughs of the 'National.' The Deputy of Arcis A few of the townspeople, humiliated at seeing their town always treated as a rotten borough, joined the democrats, though enemies to democracy. The Deputy of Arcis |
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