| 单词 | refractive |
| 例句 | An optometer is an instrument for measuring refractive errors in eyes— in order that corrective lenses may be prescribed. Slaughterhouse-Five 1969-01-01T00:00:00Z He's only in the door three seconds before he starts spouting some theory about spectral analysis and the refractive indices of protein substances, and he's carrying a big box full of books and papers. Things Not Seen 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z His story has hitherto been known only in parts, and mostly through the refractive prism of his own tellings. Patrick Leigh Fermor: An Adventure by Artemis Cooper – review 2012-10-12T21:55:11Z The band’s refractive language makes sense of whatever material it plays. Releases From Bob Dylan and Diana Krall 2015-02-02T05:00:00Z In November, Dr. Schorr, 35, will begin working as a cornea, cataract and refractive surgeon at the Shepard Eye Center in Las Vegas. Emily Waisbren, Seth Schorr 2018-09-16T04:00:00Z From a distance, she looked like a Gustav Klimt, a vision of golden refractive light, punctuated by a her poufy column of hair. A Publicist and D.J. Who Nurtures Underrepresented Artists 2018-03-27T04:00:00Z To its surprise, the team would later learn that the shift in focus stemmed not from the changing size or curvature of the lenses, but instead mostly from an alteration to their so-called refractive index. Chemists, engineers craft adjustable arrays of microscopic lenses 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z This arrangement gave each layer a specific, different refractive index, and together the layers kept any light traveling through the fiber from escaping or scattering away. Soft optical fibers block pain while moving and stretching with the body 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z Diffractive lenses, left, are much thinner compared to similarly powerful refractive lenses, right. A new, thin-lensed telescope design could far surpass James Webb 2023-07-14T04:00:00Z This striking advance showed that metamaterials can yield a much wider set of refractive indexes than nature offers, opening the door to totally new technological possibilities. Engineered Metamaterials Can Trick Light and Sound into Mind-Bending Behavior 2022-11-18T05:00:00Z The rays bend according to the refractive indices provided in Table 26.1. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z As the hydrogel heated up and the lenses contracted, they actually expelled some of their water -- upping their density, modifying their refractive index and, ultimately, blurring the image of the N. Chemists, engineers craft adjustable arrays of microscopic lenses 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z It’s the successor to a 2020 design built on holographic optics, a light-bending technique that lets a nearly flat panel stand in for a thick refractive lens. Mark Zuckerberg has so many VR headset prototypes to show us 2022-06-20T04:00:00Z But if you could improve their clarity, using diffractive lenses instead of mirrors or refractive lenses would allow a space telescope to be much cheaper, lighter and larger. A new, thin-lensed telescope design could far surpass James Webb 2023-07-14T04:00:00Z His color palettes, which can range from brilliant orange and blue to crepuscular pinks and purples, seem to evoke land, sky and light in its myriad reflective and refractive states. In the 'cacophony' of the Americas, painter Eamon Ore-Giron finds elegant patterns 2022-05-12T04:00:00Z The index of refraction outside the fiber must be smaller than inside, a condition that is easily satisfied by coating the outside of the fiber with a material having an appropriate refractive index. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z “People are spending so much time with screen time with virtual learning, and less time outside. We’re actually seeing an acceleration of some of the refractive error problems like nearsightedness in kids.” D.C. schools partnership looks to provide glasses for students in need 2022-01-15T05:00:00Z The front glass is thicker and more crack resistant, with a “refractive” edge and smaller bezels. Apple Watch Series 7 review: time and time again 2021-10-13T04:00:00Z It opens with refractive minimal techno, taking flight with a lush combo of punchy drums and synth splashes before settling into the deep end. The month's best mixes: blood-pumping beats and meditative techno 2019-08-28T04:00:00Z From eyeglasses to refractive surgery, many available solutions allow GenXers and baby boomers to read small print and conduct other near-vision tasks to their hearts’ content. The Illusion of Safety 2019-08-11T04:00:00Z In fact, most fibers have a varying refractive index to allow more light to be guided along the fiber through total internal refraction. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Diamond has a high refractive index, meaning it bends light a lot. Game of Stones: Tracking conflict diamonds with lasers 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z The resulting films therefore contained alternating dense and porous layers, generating periodic variations in the refractive index of the material. Crazy colour printing without ink 2019-06-18T04:00:00Z This series employs water-based paints in scenes that involve mirrors, pools and other refractive surfaces. Datebook: Daniel Gerwin puts parenting on canvas in a new show at River gallery 2019-05-02T04:00:00Z This new series employs water-based paints in scenes that involve mirrors, pools and other refractive surfaces. Datebook: Roy Dowell’s hypnotic plays on pattern 2019-04-25T04:00:00Z Thin film interference thus depends on film thickness, the wavelength of light, and the refractive indices. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Kassalow estimates that 75% of blindness and sight impairment worldwide is caused either by cataracts, which require a straightforward surgical procedure, or by an uncorrected refractive error that could be fixed simply with glasses. A smart solution to vision problems 2019-04-09T04:00:00Z This produces alternating dense and porous polymer layers, which cause the refractive index of the film to vary periodically. Crazy colour printing without ink 2019-06-18T04:00:00Z As light passing through an aqueous solution encounters a lipid surface, the change in refractive index causes it to bend and scatter. Transparent tissues bring cells into focus for microscopy 2018-12-03T05:00:00Z One example is Land’s discussion of graded-index lenses in aquatic animals, which achieve high power without spherical aberration, using a smooth transition from low to high refractive power. Optical wonderlands: vision science from photons to philosophy 2018-11-06T05:00:00Z Other light sources cannot be focused as precisely as a laser due to refractive dispersion of different wavelengths. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Consequently, there is a large difference in the phonon energies associated with these axes and therefore in the corresponding refractive indices — resulting in a birefringence of about 0.31. Precise control of infrared polarization using crystal vibrations 2018-10-23T04:00:00Z A refractive index describes how waves propagate in a medium, and is positive in all conventional materials. Reflection forbidden and refraction reversed in an artificial crystal 2018-07-31T04:00:00Z Since then, he’s performed more than 28,000 refractive surgeries and, needless to say, he’s seen the surgery advance quite a bit since then. From blades to lasers: Refractive surgery has come a long way, baby | Provided by LasikPlus 2018-03-09T05:00:00Z These are materials that exhibit a temporary change in refractive index when exposed to a beam of light, as a result of electrons moving through them. Solitons divide and conquer 2018-02-04T05:00:00Z Given that the refractive index of air is lower for air at higher temperatures, explain how mirages can be formed. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Pyrite deposits soak up any iron in the area that might otherwise adulterate the crystal and muddy beryl’s refractive powers. Precious Gems Bear Messages From Earth’s Molten Heart 2017-12-11T05:00:00Z Complex refractive index of Titan’s aerosol analogues in the 200–900 nm domain. Haze heats Pluto’s atmosphere yet explains its cold temperature 2017-11-14T05:00:00Z For example, refractive index becomes a function of light intensity — hence the phenomenon now called non-linear optics. Nicolaas Bloembergen (1920-2017) : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z Furthermore, bound electrons produce the frequency-shifting refractive index required to eliminate dispersion. Solitons divide and conquer 2018-02-04T05:00:00Z The biggest change in the refractive index, and bending of rays, occurs at the cornea rather than the lens. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The bill also prevents them from using an eye test from a so-called “remote refractive device,” such as a smartphone app, as the sole basis for issuing or renewing an initial prescription for contact lenses. Connecticut lawmakers move to restrict online eye exams 2017-06-06T04:00:00Z This destroys the feather’s refractive structures, and the crimp reverts to the plain, grayish brown of any bird. The Blue Jay Way 2017-01-05T05:00:00Z “Cataract surgery today is not your father’s cataract surgery,” said Kugler, who specializes in refractive surgery at his west Omaha practice. New lens implant adds twist to cataract surgery business 2016-10-01T04:00:00Z The acquisition will include ophthalmic products in three business units: cataract surgery, laser refractive surgery and consumer eye health, J&J said. J&J to buy Abbott's eye care business for about $4.33 billion 2016-09-16T04:00:00Z Those with the common refractive error called myopia, or nearsightedness, may not see what teachers write on the blackboard. Transforming a Child's Life With Glasses 2015-12-14T05:00:00Z “It’s like we’re looking up in the sky with a refractive telescopic for the first time and saying, ‘Wow, it’s amazing what’s up there. Scientists Urge National Initiative on Microbiomes 2015-10-28T04:00:00Z For example, we measured the change in the refractive index—the way light travels through the cell—while varying the concentration of salt in the medium surrounding the cells. We Transformed Living Cells from Pigs into Tiny Lasers 2015-07-28T04:00:00Z “As we get older, refractive errors play more significant roles in our lives,” says Gordon Wetzstein, an assistant professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University. Smartphone Screens Correct for Your Vision Flaws 2014-12-09T05:00:00Z To eliminate refraction, Wells realised that he had to somehow reduce the refractive index of Griffin's tissues to one. Vanishing point: five ways to become invisible 2014-07-19T04:00:00Z Also, tungsten oxide has a high refractive index. Tiny balls of fire 2014-06-26T04:00:00Z Since then, Smith and others have explored a host of variations on the metamaterial idea, often looking to manipulate radiation in ways that have nothing to do with a negative refractive index. Exotic optics: Metamaterial world 2013-08-07T17:50:26.790Z The refractive index is directly related to the concentration of chemical constituents within the cells, such as DNA, proteins and lipids. We Transformed Living Cells from Pigs into Tiny Lasers 2015-07-28T04:00:00Z These are materials made from arrays of electrically conducting components that interact with light so as to create exotic optical effects such as negative refractive index. 'Invisibility Cloak' Hides Cats and Fish 2013-06-11T20:15:00.180Z All the same, the principle of matching the refractive index of an object and its surrounding medium is sound, and transparent things really can be hidden that way. Vanishing point: five ways to become invisible 2014-07-19T04:00:00Z The pocket-sized, low-cost device uses the flashlight and camera of a smartphone, combined with an add-on micro-lens array to measure refractive errors of the eye and generate prescriptions. NYU Teams Win $200K in Stern's 2012-2013 Entrepreneurs Challenge 2013-05-20T13:00:38Z Choosing a liquid crystal material with a particular refractive index lets him select which wavelengths to work with, and applying an electric field lets him switch the index between two states. Photonics: Trick of the light 2013-03-13T18:21:07.307Z Surgery with refractive lasers is intended to reduce the need for glasses or contact lenses. U.S. reprimands some eye centers on LASIK surgery advertising 2012-12-24T17:27:02Z Air, finally, has so small an index of refraction and so small a deflective influence upon light, that the refractive effect is commonly imperceptible altogether. Popular scientific lectures 2012-04-24T02:00:17.273Z This can be done in optical fibres: an intense laser "control beam" can manipulate the refractive index of the glass fibre so the light from a signal beam seems to slow down and speed up. Vanishing point: five ways to become invisible 2014-07-19T04:00:00Z This had the effect of neutralizing the chromatic effect, or color aberration, while at the same time only part of the refractive effect of the crown lens was destroyed. Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies 2012-03-17T02:01:02.630Z The presence of these salts in sufficient quantity produces a homogeneous, granular, strongly refractive appearance of the cell or intercellular substance, in addition to a greatly increased resistance to pressure. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Stars when so near the Zenith are insensibly affected by the different refractive powers of the Atmosphere arising from its different degrees of density. Early American Scientific Instruments and Their Makers 2012-03-15T02:00:31.610Z It is only by comparing different cases of refracted light at changing angles of incidence that the common factor, the constancy of the refractive index, is disclosed. Popular scientific lectures 2012-04-24T02:00:17.273Z As it possesses high refractive and dispersive power, it presents when properly cut great brilliancy and “fire,” and the name has reference to its diamond-like appearance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 10 "David, St" to "Demidov" 2012-02-17T03:00:33.923Z It is used in the manufacture of glass of high refractive power. New, Old, and Forgotten Remedies: Papers by Many Writers 2012-02-05T03:00:10Z Homogeneity.—The optical desideratum is uniformity of refractive index and dispersive power throughout the mass of the glass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z The high refractive and dispersive powers of the diamond produce, when the stone is judiciously cut, a brilliancy and 'fire' unequalled by any other stone. The Romance of Industry and Invention 2011-12-19T03:00:43.870Z “Many people, if you just correct their spherical refractive error, you get vision good enough to function.” Small Fixes: Self-Adjustable Eyeglass Lenses Bring Clearer Vision to Poor 2011-09-26T22:14:35Z This may be due in part to the varying refractive indices of the oils used, as well as to the difference in the quantity of oil required in each test. Paint Technology and Tests 2011-09-15T02:00:12.263Z It is sometimes met with colourless, and such are its refractive powers and brilliancy that it has been mistaken for diamond. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z This is probably never completely attained, variations in the sixth 89 significant figure of the refractive index being observed in different parts of single large blocks of the most perfect glass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z The refractive power of garnet is high, so that in microscopic sections, viewed by transmitted light, the mineral stands out in relief. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 4 "G" to "Gaskell, Elizabeth" 2011-08-24T02:00:20.690Z The whole lens is enclosed in an elastic structureless membrane, and, like the 93 cornea, its transparency is due to the fact that all its constituents have the same refractive index. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z Tom Philbin, also from the University of St Andrews, explained that the balls had the exact same optical properties - the same refractive index - as water. Invisibility and 'emotive' robots 2011-07-08T22:46:43Z The position and angles of their faces, and cleavages, the absence of bi-refringence, and their high refractive index all showed that the crystals were true diamond. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z As a general rule, to which, however, there are important exceptions, both these qualities are found to a greater degree, the lower the refractive index of the glass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z The effect of a particle on a lasing mode depends on the particle’s “polarizability,” which is a function of its size and refractive index. Tiny Ring Laser Detects and Counts Nanoparticles 2011-06-29T14:12:00Z The transparency of the cornea is due to the fact that all these structures have the same refractive index. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z "So if you have two materials that are different like these balls and water, but their refractive index is the same, then as far as light is concerned, they're exactly the same thing," he said. Invisibility and 'emotive' robots 2011-07-08T22:46:43Z The peculiar lustre exhibited by the diamond is called adamantine, and is shared to some extent by certain other stones which have a high refractive index and high dispersion, such as zircon. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z This is true of any simple lens and the defect is overcome in the manufacture of optical instruments by combining two lenses consisting respectively of glasses differing considerably in refractive index. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z Because shock waves represent a stark and sudden change in refractive index, they show up clearly in schlieren photographs. Shock wave from trombone filmed 2011-05-28T10:22:15Z This advantage is not gained without a certain sacrifice of simplicity in construction; by avoiding the use of flint glass having a high refractive index and substituting materials to take the place of crownglass. Microscopes and Accessory Apparatus Catalogue No. 40 2011-04-14T02:00:42.743Z "But to do that, you'd have to change your entire composition, to make your refractive index the same as air, which you can't really do," added the scientist. Invisibility and 'emotive' robots 2011-07-08T22:46:43Z The refractive index, which is thus a very important character in the scientific discrimination of gem-stones, may be conveniently determined, within certain limits, by means of the refractometer devised by Dr G.F. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Lack of optical homogeneity due to varying refractive index is likely to be partially responsible. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z In consequence of its low refractive and dispersive power, colourless pellucid fluor-spar is valuable in the construction of apochromatic lenses, but this variety is rare. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z In the active condition of such coloured holophytic forms there is usually at least one anterior “eye-spot,” of a refractive globule embedded behind in a collection of red pigment granules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z The refractive and dispersive powers are not high, so that the cut stones display little brilliancy or “fire.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z This instrument is an improved form of the total reflectometer, in which the refractive power of a given substance is determined by the method of total reflection. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z This is often visible on deserts where the hot sand causes the adjacent layer of air to expand and therefore, the refractive index to increase. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z An immediate deduction from Maxwell’s theory was that in transparent dielectrics, the dielectric constant or specific inductive capacity should be numerically equal to the square of the refractive index for very long electric waves. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z First, they require the fabrication of materials with a wide range of refractive indices and spatial variations that are not found in nature. Invisibility: After several years of research, it's just gotten weirder 2011-01-11T18:45:11.203Z Swartzlander says he hopes to ultimately test the lightfoils in air, too, and try different shapes and materials with various refractive properties. Light Can Generate Lift 2010-12-06T16:06:00Z Light in the vicinity of the pulse is slowed more and more when the refractive index changes as the pulse passes by. Mimicking black holes: Dr Hawking's bright idea 2010-09-30T10:54:00Z Many modifications of these types are possible through variations in the refractive indices of various strata of air. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z The only refractive indices which had been measured were the optical refractive indices of a number of transparent substances. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z The angles and refractive indices of the two media are related by Snell's law. Invisibility: After several years of research, it's just gotten weirder 2011-01-11T18:45:11.203Z Many baby boomers are willing to pay for a new, high-tech lens implant — refractive lens exchange — when they first start noticing impairment. Eyes are the prize 2010-09-29T16:19:00Z "Since the refractive index of air is about one and the refractive index of the polymer is about 1.52," he explained, "in principle, we can get any refractive index between those two numbers," he said. Invisibility cloak created in 3-D 2010-03-18T19:13:00Z The eye sees what is presented but the inversions and other peculiar effects are due to variations in the refractive index of the atmosphere. Visual Illusions Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications 2011-06-02T02:00:25.247Z On the other hand, the divergence in some cases between the square of the optical refractive index and the dielectric constant was very marked. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z The number 1.336 is termed the refractive index, or coefficient, or the refractive power of water. Wireless Transmission of Photographs Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged 1919 The prism is made of a stronger gelatine solution, which is more refractive than the gelatine around it. The Mechanism of Life By tailoring the refractive index of the the surface of the bump, the scientists rendered it invisible to a wide range of light wavelengths slightly longer than those that we can see. Invisibility cloak created in 3-D 2010-03-18T19:13:00Z Its opacity is due to the presence of a very large number of solid particles, the blood corpuscles, having a higher refractive index than that of the liquid in which they float. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" Those Superficies of transparent Bodies reflect the greatest quantity of Light, which have the greatest refracting Power; that is, which intercede Mediums that differ most in their refractive Densities. Opticks or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light The refractive power varies, however, with other fluids and solids, and a complete table will be found in any good work on optics. Wireless Transmission of Photographs Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged 1919 The air became cooler in the evening, and the atmosphere less refractive. Narrative of a Second Expedition to the Shores of the Polar Sea A similar effect has been achieved previously in two dimensions - changing the refractive index of a piece of silicon by drilling tiny holes in its surface. Invisibility cloak created in 3-D 2010-03-18T19:13:00Z If the second medium be more highly refractive than the first, the secondary caustic is a hyperbola having the same focus and centre as before, and the caustic is the evolute of this curve. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" Where I suppose, that the Sines which measure them are in round Numbers, as 3 to 4, though probably the Dissolution of Soap in the Water, may a little alter its refractive Virtue. Opticks or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light The combustibility of the diamond was predicted by Sir Isaac Newton on account of its high refractive power; it was first established experimentally by the Florentine Academicians in 1694. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" I reply: Yes, assuredly, as, for example, ‘things’ distorted by refractive media, ‘molecules,’ or whatever else is taken to be more ultimately real than the immediate content of the perceptive moment. Essays in Radical Empiricism Bending light The trick is to change the speed and direction in which light travels through the material - that is, to change the material's refractive index. Invisibility cloak created in 3-D 2010-03-18T19:13:00Z B. D. Steele has shown that with these sharp boundaries the use of coloured ions is unnecessary, the junction line being visible owing to the difference in the optical refractive indices of two colourless solutions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" But the refractive Powers of these unctuous Substances are two or three Times greater in respect of their Densities than the refractive Powers of the former Substances in respect of theirs. Opticks or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light Unlike other cubic crystals, diamond experiences a diminution of refractive index with increase of temperature. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" The bright refractive spots above referred to are, however, granules taking 93the usual stains quite readily, and not spores as supposed by Kern. The Bacillus of Long Life a manual of the preparation and souring of milk for dietary purposes, together with and historical account of the use of fermente Br�hl, have investigated the relations existing between the refractive power and composition. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The actual amount by which, supposing their observations exact, they would thus set this station north of its proper position, would depend on the refractive qualities of the air in Egypt. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, September 1879 Water has a refractive Power in a middle degree between those two sorts of Substances, and probably is of a middle nature. Opticks or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light The limit can be depressed only by a diminution in λ0, such as photography makes possible, or by an increase in μ, the refractive index of the medium in which the object is situated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" The welding arc, intended to fuse refractive meteoric iron, would be no mean weapon, at close quarters. Salvage in Space The general question of the relation of the refractive index to constitution has been especially studied by J.W. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The refractive index, lowered to that of air to produce invisibility, iss being raised again—all through a simple adaptation of Roentgen's theories! Raiders Invisible Salts and Vitriols have refractive Powers in a middle degree between those of earthy Substances and Water, and accordingly are composed of those two sorts of Substances. Opticks or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light The rays of light traversing it are continually broken by minute fluctuations of refractive power caused by changes of temperature and pressure, and the currents which these engender. A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition A curious refractive effect developed about the straining hulks as space near them bent under their lashing power. Empire According to the electromagnetic theory of light K = N�, where N is the refractive index for rays of infinite wave-length. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Brown zircon, while lacking dichroism, is frequently rich and pleasing in shade, and when well cut is very snappy, the luster being almost adamantine, the dispersion being large, and the refractive index high. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public Whence it seems rational to attribute the refractive Power of all Bodies chiefly, if not wholly, to the sulphureous Parts with which they abound. Opticks or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light This is caused by the refractive power of our dense atmosphere, which has the effect of making both the sun and the moon appear a little higher up than they really are. To Mars via The Moon An Astronomical Story The blue and red of flame and hot wire had changed, in the whiplash of a second, to a refractive but transparent cloud that hung there within the apparatus. Empire The refractive power of the air bends the luminous rays round and shows the sun, though it is directly screened by the intervening obstacles. The Story of the Heavens The true hyacinth has more snap and fire owing to its adamantine surface luster and high dispersive power, as well as to its high refractive index. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public The refractive Power of the Body in respect of its density. Opticks or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light All the known methods are vitiated by our ignorance of the refractive powers of the rocks traversed by the earth-waves. A Study of Recent Earthquakes There was no hint of color, just a refractive blur that told him the wire was there. Empire The refractive power of the material of comets has been carefully tested. The Story of the Heavens These angles can be definitely altered for different materials, according to their refractive indices. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public He thought he understood how eye-strain and difference of refractive power of the layers of heated air, or reflected light from the ground and such physical considerations could cause these illusions. In Mesopotamia They also possessed the art of making glass highly refractive. Mizora: A Prophecy A MSS. Found Among the Private Papers of the Princess Vera Zarovitch It is perfectly transparent, yet it has refractive qualities. Empire The refractive power of air is very considerable. The Story of the Heavens The optical properties of the various glasses vary chiefly with their densities, and the denser the material the higher the refractive index and the greater the dispersion. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public On quitting one medium and entering another, a portion of light is always reflected, but on this condition — the media must possess different refractive indices. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 It is a transparent adamant that possesses no refractive power, consequently the picture has all the advantage of a painting on canvas, with the addition of perpetuity. Mizora: A Prophecy A MSS. Found Among the Private Papers of the Princess Vera Zarovitch This angle depends upon the refractive power of the stone. Scientific American Supplement, No. 1082, September 26, 1896 Careful measurements of the great comet in 1881 showed, however, that in the neighbourhood of the nucleus there was some refractive power, though quite insignificant in comparison with the refraction of our atmosphere. The Story of the Heavens Other materials than diamond behave similarly, but usually to a much smaller extent, for few gem materials have so high a refractive power or so great a dispersive power as diamond. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public This, however, was not the case, and a comparison of the refractive index of the humour with that of water cleared up the whole matter. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 It is not necessary to explain here what refraction is, for everyone will be familiar with the refractive property of a light-beam when passing through a medium denser than atmospheric air. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones It appears from this table that those minerals which, by their high refractive power, possess the greatest brilliancy, possess also the highest specific gravity or weightiness; that the precious stones are therefore all heavy minerals. Scientific American Supplement, No. 1082, September 26, 1896 It is highly prized by mineralogists on account of its double refractive qualities. Wealth of the World's Waste Places and Oceania Triplets and doublets too may be exposed by dipping them sidewise into oil, thus removing the prismatic refraction almost completely, as the oil has about the same refractive index as the stone. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public You may say that the effect is due to the reflection of light at the common surface of two media of different refractive indices. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 Others, again, are both single and double refracting to heat-rays, and it is interesting to note the heat-penetrating value as compared with the refractive indexes of the stone. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones Sphene lies far to the right of the position which it should occupy according to its specific gravity; it possesses an extraordinarily high refractive index, and is, therefore, an extremely brilliant gem stone. Scientific American Supplement, No. 1082, September 26, 1896 I.—But the refractive power of the diamond is so immense that the image will be formed within the lens. The Diamond Lens At the same time they increase markedly in density and in refractive index and thus become even more snappy and brilliant than when colored. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public But when a transparent solid is immersed in a liquid of the same refractive index as itself, it immediately disappears. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 In the following table will be found the refractive indexes of a selection of single and double refractive stones, the figures for "Light" being taken from a standard list. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones Opal, which is a comparatively light mineral, has a low refractive power; zircon or jargoon is a heavy mineral, and has a high refractive power. Scientific American Supplement, No. 1082, September 26, 1896 It is obvious that the glass must be uniform in refractive index throughout, and that it must be free from air bubbles or bits of opaque matter. On Laboratory Arts This relation depends upon the refractive index of the material, but as most color stones are of somewhat similar refractive indices, the above proportions are sufficiently accurate for all. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public The atmosphere, in consequence of the warmth, being in a highly refractive state, a great many curious appearances were presented by the land and icebergs. The Ocean and its Wonders The refractive index of gypsum is 1.54, but heat none, being opaque. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones Prolonged agitation with air has a tendency to oxidise the oil, which increases its specific gravity and refractive index, and will be found in the soap-pan to produce a reddish soap. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture This is to be done by using a film of oil of the same refractive index as the glass. On Laboratory Arts Moreover the refractive index, while high, is never so high as in a diamond and hence the brilliant cannot be so shaped as to secure the amount of total reflection given by a well-made diamond. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public It has practically the same refractive index as air, therefore it is, to all intents and purposes, invisible. Skylark Three The refractive index of amber is 1.51, but heat none, being opaque. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones In the exact center was a green stone which seemed to shine of its own accord, with a pale, clear, green light; it was transparent and highly refractive. Islands of Space The simplest procedure is to obtain glass of the desired quality from Messrs. Chance of Birmingham, according to the following abbreviated list of names and refractive indices, which may be relied upon:— On Laboratory Arts Perhaps the surest single method of distinguishing precious stones is to find out the refractive index of the material. A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public It is a naturally-occurring, hundred-faceted crystal, just as you see it there—deep blue, perfectly transparent, intensely refractive, and constantly emitting that strong, blue light. The Skylark of Space It is doubly refractive, whereas spinel and the diamond, which two it closely resembles, are singly refractive. The Chemistry, Properties and Tests of Precious Stones Spectacles.—If the operator has no refractive error he will need two pairs of plane protective spectacles with very large "eyes." Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The effects so produced are the differential results of the change of figure and of refractive index. On Laboratory Arts By means of refractive agents, forming a part of the eyeball in front of the retina, light from different objects is focused and made to form images of the objects upon the surface. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools But in the case of Bulwer-Lytton this refractive habit of his imagination produced a greater swerving aside from positive truth than is usual. Some Diversions of a Man of Letters This is due to the increased refractive power of the lens from swelling. Mother's Remedies Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada It sparkles about as brilliantly, for its refractive index is nearly as high. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries In general it is sufficient to consider the change of shape only and neglect the change in refractive power. On Laboratory Arts This book fills the last great want in higher refractive optics, and the knowledge contained in it marks the standard of professionalism. Watch and Clock Escapements A Complete Study in Theory and Practice of the Lever, Cylinder and Chronometer Escapements, Together with a Brief Account of the Origin and Evolution of the Escapement in Horology The better to secure this further purpose, the simplest conceivable form of lens begins to appear in the shape of small refractive bodies. Thoughts on Religion But the experiments of Hall and the Dollonds showed that there is no such strict proportionality between the dispersive and refractive powers of different kinds of glass. Half-hours with the Telescope Being a Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope as a Means of Amusement and Instruction. The greater the refractive power of the lens, the greater the bending, and the nearer the principal focus to the lens. General Science For the sake of simplicity the refractive effect of the lens and humors of the eye is not shown, the path of the light-rays being in each case drawn straight. Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 1 Containing Sixteen Experimental Investigations from the Harvard Psychological Laboratory. All refractive errors and complications are clearly explained, and the methods of correction thoroughly elucidated. Watch and Clock Escapements A Complete Study in Theory and Practice of the Lever, Cylinder and Chronometer Escapements, Together with a Brief Account of the Origin and Evolution of the Escapement in Horology In the case of thin plates of calcite, a solid cementing substance of sufficiently high refractive power was not available, and a fluid medium was therefore employed. Scientific American Supplement, No. 441, June 14, 1884. This distance depends on the refractive power of the glass. Half-hours with the Telescope Being a Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope as a Means of Amusement and Instruction. Flint glass contains lead; the lead makes the glass dense, and gives it great refractive power, enabling it to bend and separate light in all directions. General Science This reminiscence, however—if such it was, save in the scarred, the poor dear old woebegone and so very beguilingly not refractive mirror of the moment—took a peculiar twist from Eva's behaviour. A Christmas Garland For student and teacher it is the best treatise of its kind, being simple in style, accurate in statement and comprehensive in its treatment of refractive procedure and problems. Watch and Clock Escapements A Complete Study in Theory and Practice of the Lever, Cylinder and Chronometer Escapements, Together with a Brief Account of the Origin and Evolution of the Escapement in Horology It must evidently diminish as the refractive index increases. Six Lectures on Light Delivered In The United States In 1872-1873 The refractive power of these yellow stones is remarkable, and the goniometer will probably reveal a higher index than is accorded to all the varieties of beryl by the learned Abb� Ha�y. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science Volume 11, No. 27, June, 1873 Cut glass and toilet articles are made of flint glass because of the brilliant effects caused by its great refractive power, and imitation gems are commonly nothing more than polished flint glass. General Science His mind is one of the many dense and refractive mediums through which the Government of India looks out upon India. Twenty-One Days in India; and, the Teapot Series This dense haze, from its great refractive power, altered the appearance of objects in a surprising manner: a sandy beach seemed to be a chalky cliff, and the lowest islands to have steep shores. A Voyage to Terra Australis — Volume 1 Now the refractive index of Iceland spar is, for the extraordinary ray less, and for the ordinary greater, than for Canada balsam. Six Lectures on Light Delivered In The United States In 1872-1873 Bodies that have the greatest refractive powers reflect the greatest quantity of light from their surfaces, and at the confines of equally refracting media there is no reflection. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 09 — Lives and Letters Where the surface was hard and dense, Brewster found the refractive index to approach that of semi opal. Scientific American Supplement, No. 595, May 28, 1887 What connection is there between the refractive index of a medium and the angle at which an emergent ray is totally reflected? Literary Blunders The question as to whether the motion was due to an irregular distribution of the earth's atmosphere, thus involving abnormal variations in the refractive index, was also investigated; here, again, negative results were obtained. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 It should be observed that at the surface of bodies the refractive power is exerted, and that the light proceeds in a straight line until leaving the body. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Then recent experiments on the refractive power of ebonite were detailed—the rough results tending to give greater weight to Clerk-Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light. Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 This excessively low refractive power Brewster believes to afford a complete explanation of the extraordinary behavior exhibited by tabasheer when wholly or partially saturated with fluids. Scientific American Supplement, No. 595, May 28, 1887 The action of the lens is aided by several refractive media in the eye. A Practical Physiology It is generally an advantage to secure a great refractive effect by several weaker than by one high-power lens. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 It is a lenticular, bi-convex, transparent body, the most important of the refractive media in the eye. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 There are others, of rare occurrence in chains, which have a clear corpuscle, that is to say, a portion more refractive than other parts of the segments, at one of their extremities. The Harvard Classics Volume 38 Scientific Papers (Physiology, Medicine, Surgery, Geology) The powdered glass and water have much the same refractive index; that is, the light undergoes very little refraction or reflection in passing from one to the other. The Invisible Man By the action of the crystalline lens, aided by the refractive media, the rays of light that are parallel when they fall upon the normal eye are brought to a focus on the retina. A Practical Physiology The refractive indices for different wave lengths must be known for each kind of glass made use of. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 They are always clear and highly refractive from containing little water, and they do not so readily absorb staining material as the ordinary rods. The Story of Germ Life What is the reason that some vibrios exhibit refractive corpuscles, generally of a lenticular form, such as we see in FIG. The Harvard Classics Volume 38 Scientific Papers (Physiology, Medicine, Surgery, Geology) You make the glass invisible by putting it into a liquid of nearly the same refractive index; a transparent thing becomes invisible if it is put in any medium of almost the same refractive index. The Invisible Man Examine with the microscope a drop of milk, noting numerous small, highly refractive oil globules floating in a fluid. A Practical Physiology You know, Doctor, that cedar oil, which was much used in the preparation and ceremonials of the Egyptian dead, has a certain refractive power which we do not find in other oils. The Jewel of Seven Stars It is a rare mineral, found in India, South Africa, and Brazil, and is the hardest and most highly refractive to light of all minerals. An Introduction to Chemical Science The simplest organ which can be called an eye consists of an optic nerve, surrounded by pigment-cells and covered by translucent skin, but without any lens or other refractive body. The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 6th Edition Having made these observations, I first computed from them the refractive power of the glass, and found it measured by the ratio of the sines 20 to 31. A History of Science — Volume 2 Annealed glass has its molecules symmetrically arranged round every line that can be drawn through it; hence it is not doubly refractive. Faraday as a Discoverer But let the substance be either squeezed or strained in one direction, the molecular symmetry, and with it the symmetry of the ether, is immediately destroyed and the glass becomes doubly refractive. Faraday as a Discoverer But though he produced a heavy glass of great refractive power, its value to optics did not repay him for the pains and labour bestowed on it. Faraday as a Discoverer |
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