| 单词 | reflex action |
| 例句 | Then he felt all of the muscles of his body contract violently, caught in a spasm of reflex action, and at the same time he felt his groin laved with warm water. Native Son 1940-03-01T00:00:00Z It was a reflex action from my years as a beggar. The Name of the Wind 2007-03-27T00:00:00Z Her pleasure seldom expresses itself in the reflex action of a polite or conversational smile, but again and again when the mood of high seriousness changes, she becomes illuminated with pleasure. An interview with Iris Murdoch: from the Guardian archive, 1 February 1960 2013-02-01T07:30:00Z Whether it was a kind of reflex action or a defining instinct was just one of the many questions the programme posed and made you pray to God you never have to answer. TV review: Between Life and Death and The Fairy Jobmother 2010-07-14T06:59:00Z The simplest example of this is a reflex action, an involuntary and rapid response to stimulus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z No play works 100 percent of the time, but the goal of the offseason is to drill players on the ones that will be used most and create a reflex action. Months of work goes into 40 seconds of play calling 2020-09-05T04:00:00Z During questioning the driver tried to drive off but Mr Morley jumped into the car as a "reflex action". Assaults on Met officers jump 40% during lockdown 2020-08-19T04:00:00Z It has become a reflex action to quail and froth at every decision made by the executive in every sphere. Cursed Euro 2020 might just give us what we need next year | Barney Ronay 2020-03-17T04:00:00Z That ideological purity creates a reflex action in which most Republicans see backing Trump as their first instinct, no matter what his standing might be in national polls. Analysis | Republicans’ pack mentality in Trump era leaves little room for course correction 2019-02-26T05:00:00Z Was it a reflex action on his part? Why a disabled person was assaulted in an Indian cinema - BBC News 2016-10-24T04:00:00Z There’s the reflex action to bring the ball down for one comfort dribble rather than keep it above the hive of activity below. Zags’ Karnowski a study in power and finesse 2015-03-25T04:00:00Z While that is a reflex action, not a considered choice, it is also true that not all patients accept spoon feeding. Complexities of Choosing an End Game for Dementia 2015-01-19T05:00:00Z Mentioning the Koch brothers is a reflex action by the enablers to place the blame on the troglodyte Republicans and avoid blaming the two party system that makes one disastrous decision after another. Kicking Dodd-Frank in the Teeth 2015-01-10T05:00:00Z “In a reflex action, Russell takes it. They shake. Ken and I glance at one another. “ Britain’s last hangman 2014-08-02T04:00:00Z The biological baseline here is usually the laughter caused by tickling, which most of us assume to be some simple form of reflex action. A history of laughter – from Cicero to The Simpsons 2014-06-28T04:00:00Z A certain amount of urination is reflex action. From the archive, 9 August 1979: Leaky bathers put the 'p' into pool 2012-08-09T06:30:00Z Tropisms Grade Into Reflex Actions and Instincts.—The tropisms in many cases become indistinguishable from reflex actions and these in turn grade up into the instincts of animals. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z Vain is the search after boundary lines between reflex action and instinct, and between instinct and reason. Pioneers of Evolution from Thales to Huxley With an Intermediate Chapter on the Causes of Arrest of the Movement 2012-04-26T02:00:14.960Z The paths of reflex actions and of the will are followed up and disclosed; it is ascertained what region of the brain subserves the function of speech, what region the function of locomotion, etc. Popular scientific lectures 2012-04-24T02:00:17.273Z Of the ensemble—of all that I have seen—there is simultaneously the reflex action of the experimenters and an independent personality. Mysterious Psychic Forces An Account of the Author's Investigations in Psychical Research, Together with Those of Other European Savants 2012-03-28T02:00:29.747Z In large doses it has been known to produce complete relaxation, and at the same time a loss of reflex action, and death. Health, Happiness, and Longevity Health without medicine: happiness without money: the result, longevity 2012-03-22T02:00:38.537Z And it is, moreover, a fact that automatic and reflex actions increase with the degree of organization, and are most numerous in human beings. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z A marked diminution of reflex action in the hips and extinction of the voluntary movements, were noticed. New, Old, and Forgotten Remedies: Papers by Many Writers 2012-02-05T03:00:10Z He had been answering her vaguely, as though the words came from him by reflex action rather than through a comprehension of what she said. The Turnstile 2012-01-29T03:00:09.260Z One drop of the oil, placed on the back of the tongue, must inevitably be swallowed by reflex action. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z This disjointing of the meal, by reflex action, made Emily and me more accurate. The White Peacock 2012-01-14T03:00:21.627Z Moreover, action at an earlier stage of development is essentially reflex action, and the expression of instinct; the motives are simple and transparent, and interest does not linger long with them. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z Even if I were to be shot, the reflex action of my fingers would pull the trigger of this revolver and McGinty will die. Hooded Detective, Volume III No. 2, January, 1942 2012-01-04T03:00:28.750Z On their rambles, when an obstacle or an emergency is discovered, it instantly arouses in him a reflex action by which vigorously, and without estimate of its difficulties, it is attacked. The Happy Warrior 2011-12-18T03:00:18.863Z Henry Harper was not the sort of man with whom it was easy to quarrel; he had no aptitude for a form of reflex action quite alien to his nature. The Sailor 2011-12-03T03:00:11.697Z His only really original idea seems to be that of the Vitalreihe, and that, so far as I can see, is quite false, certainly no improvement on the notion of adaptive reflex actions. The Letters of William James, Vol. II 2011-11-24T03:00:48.427Z But here we have romantic adventures seen through the fresh eyes of boyhood, producing their unconscious reflex action on the soul of the narrator, who daily grows in courage and self-reliance by grappling with danger. Essays on Modern Novelists 2011-11-22T03:00:10.817Z Before Inhibition intervenes the organism has only one response to stimulus: reflex action. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z It possesses also its own specialised system of muscles, the "Involuntary muscles"; which are not under control of the conscious brain and will, but operate automatically—by so-called reflex action. Feminism and Sex-Extinction 2011-11-11T03:00:29.100Z The idea most prominent in this story, the "motif", is the reflex action of a soldier's enlistment on his deserted family. Authors and Writers Associated with Morristown With a Chapter on Historic Morristown 2011-10-25T02:00:25.713Z Thus, by a reflex action, virtue proves its own conservator. Old Wine and New Occasional Discourses 2011-10-20T02:00:26.230Z The reflex action on his sensitive mind first stunned, and then warped his senses. Etidorhpa or the End of Earth. The Strange History of a Mysterious Being and The Account of a Remarkable Journey 2011-10-18T02:00:20.997Z All reflex actions have this in common, that they serve no other purpose than that of relaxing tension in the organism. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z I have now given a brief sketch of the indirect evidence in favour of the so-called Lamarckian factors, in so far as this appears fairly deducible from the facts of reflex action and of instinct. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z By a reflex action beyond his control, the minister stopped 14 talking about the war. Short Stories of the New America Interpreting the America of this age to high school boys and girls 2011-09-17T02:00:26.183Z Not only does deliberative action develop from reflex action, but it sinks into reflex action again. Determinism or Free-Will? 2011-09-10T02:00:27.557Z She lost several dear relatives and friends then, and the present excitement has caused what I should call a kind of reflex action. Brenda's Bargain A Story for Girls 2011-09-09T02:01:09.477Z We say in biological language, reflex action, inhibition, and will or volitional reason. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z Hence, if there be any such thing as "use-inheritance" at all, it is in the domain of reflex actions and instinctive actions that we may expect to find our best evidence of the fact. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z Prayer, when earnest and heartfelt, appears to exert a kind of reflex action on the person praying, the petition not piercing heaven, but falling back upon earth. My Path to Atheism 2011-08-30T02:00:29.183Z They abolish sensibility, but, at the same time, they abolish the majority of the reflex actions in which voluntary muscles are concerned. The Pros and Cons of Vivisection 2011-08-23T02:00:31.033Z I smiled and spoke light-heartedly, almost in a reflex action, deriving solace from the fact that the night was still young. Through these Eyes The courageous struggle to find meaning in a life stressed with cancer 2011-08-14T02:00:18.947Z They respond to every stimulus with a reflex action which reveals nothing that we should be justified in describing as an activity of the will. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z But I think that many instances which may be adduced of reflex action are much more to the point. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z He found that this movement was a reflex action through the eyes, for when the eyes were blinded no such adjustment took place. Butterflies Worth Knowing 2011-08-10T02:00:15.887Z I had no troubles—no cares of my own, save such as I felt by a kind of reflex action. The Story of Antony Grace 2011-07-27T02:00:35.717Z The feeling was so brief, yet so very intense, that I almost wonder why reflex action alone did not carry through with the brain's message. Through these Eyes The courageous struggle to find meaning in a life stressed with cancer 2011-08-14T02:00:18.947Z The simplest automatic reflex actions are at the root of these attractions and repulsions, exactly the same as with the daphniæ, wood-lice and gnats. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z On the contrary, they are chosen because they are fairly typical of the phenomena of reflex action in general. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z Ridicule is the negative approach to a subject anyway; the only good it can accomplish is by reflex action or rebound force. Think A Book for To-day 2011-07-27T02:00:35.180Z The fear of our foe seemed to have a reflex action upon our commander who ordered a retreat to Haines' Buff, about forty miles distant. The History of Company A, Second Illinois Cavalry 2011-03-28T02:00:23.133Z "Sawest ever such hands?" and she put a finger into the wee palm that clasped it by "reflex action." The Taming of the Jungle 2011-03-23T02:00:16.887Z Only we are able to control and suppress these reflex actions which the lower animals apparently cannot. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z Were it necessary, this argument might be strengthened by observing that the reflex action is positively improved by removal of the brain. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z By a reflex action beyond his control, the minister stopped talking about the war. Home Fires in France 2011-03-22T02:00:24.093Z It was M�ller who introduced to the knowledge of physiologists and physicians the doctrine of reflex actions, which had been already indicated by Prochaska, and simultaneously discovered by Marshall Hall and himself. Makers of Modern Medicine 2011-03-05T03:00:29.580Z Free verse was nothing else than the inevitable reflex action of modern feeling, the poetic breaking free of the unrest which lay in the time. ?mile Verhaeren 2011-02-26T03:00:52.147Z Beginning from that stage of evolution where inhibition intervenes, reflex action loses the character of an automatic response to impulse and becomes disciplined. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z Therefore, supposing for the present that there are such cases of reflex action in nature, neither their origin nor their development can conceivably have been due to natural selection alone. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z The members of the new association of bosses were disappointed at the reflex action of the carpenters. 30,000 Locked Out. The Great Strike of the Building Trades in Chicago. 2011-02-16T03:00:39.173Z When Garth's old friends had thrown themselves upon him like a tidal wave, the reflex action came, and they were willing to meet and be nice to his wife. Vision House 2011-01-13T03:01:00.407Z Looking at the sun or other strong light, causes sneezing by reflex action. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers In place of anarchistic reflex action which occurs regardless of the needs of the organism, we find economy of energy, co-ordination of effort, movement directed to a profitable end. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z For it belongs to the very nature of reflex action that it cannot work unless all parts of the machinery concerned are already present, and already co-ordinated, in the same organism. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z All action of a living organism is reflex action. The Mechanism of Life There seems a connexion between consciousness and the power to modify reflex action to meet the exigencies of the occasion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" What is understood by the reflex action of the cord? A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers The higher an organism stands on the ladder of evolution the more energetically and surely does inhibition work, the nicer and the more masterly does its intervention in the original reflex actions grow. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z The case is quite different where a co-ordination of structures is required for the performance of a previously non-existent reflex action. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z In the case of reflex actions it is self-evident, because the response is immediate, and always the same for the same stimulus. The Mechanism of Life One of these functions is to excite sensations and the other is to excite movements, by reflex action, especially in glands and muscles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Of what importance is the reflex action of the brain? A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers Without thinking and so swiftly it must have been a reflex action, she hurled herself away from the rock. Janet Hardy in Radio City The point to observe is, the relation in which these samples of reflex action stand to the general principles in question; for there is nothing unusual in the samples themselves. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z In emotions of various kinds a reflex action is sent to the suprarenal glands which causes a pouring into the blood of adrenin. The Social Gangster The reflex action upon the race living in such a light would be anything but desirable. Nature's Miracles, Volume 1 Familiar Talks on Science—World-Building and Life. Earth, Air and Water. The muscles thus called into play, are those which are ordinarily under the sway of the will, but which in these cases act through this reflex action of the cord, altogether independently of the will. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers The changes are partly under control of the will, partly complicated reflex actions, intentionally adaptive to the physical and psychical surroundings. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" This responsive action is clearly an adaptive action, and, as the man neither feels the stimulation nor the resulting movement, it is as clearly a reflex action. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z By reflex action of which the afferent stimulus acts upon the eyes as in fishes, the chromatophores assume a condition which approximates the colour of the animal to that of surrounding objects. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" A voice may even have a good or bad reflex action upon its possessor. The Voice and Spiritual Education What are the uses of the reflex action of the cord? 167-170 27. A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers At this stage sensation is still intact, and reflex action, by pricking the skin, &c., still takes place. On Snake-Poison: its Action and its Antidote As previously observed, the facts of reflex action have not been hitherto adduced in the present connexion. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z As the killer leaped aside in the completion of a reflex action, a horn penetrated the seat of his trunks. Thy Rocks and Rills Two swift reflex actions, one savage and murderously threatening, the other desperately defensive, had brought lightning developments. One-Way Ticket to Nowhere The mechanism by which counter-irritation is brought about is an intricate nervous process called reflex action. American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick Oliver, galvanized by the realization, came to the rescue with a promptness that amounted to reflex action. Clean Break And going for my gun seemed almost a reflex action. Stamped Caution But the mind which is mainly sensuous by direct action may also work by reflex action, and pass from sensuousness into sentiment. Life of John Keats It was a reflex action, and not a choice of will, that led Marjie to thrust her hand in as she had done so often before. The Price of the Prairie A Story of Kansas From simple reflex action, on and up through compound reflex action, instinct, and memory, the passage is made, without break, to reason. The Kempton-Wace Letters It would not come into the mere reflex of pulling the hand away, but perceiving the pin means something more than reflex action. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life The old lady was looking intensely happy; a reflex action of Dave. When Ghost Meets Ghost It cannot fairly be denied that Keats’s mind continually did this; it had direct action potently, and reflex action amply. Life of John Keats Afterwards, every touch reaches a nerve, and every nerve excites a whole muscular system in reflex action. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 15, No. 91, May, 1865 If we analyze the sneeze, we find that it simply consists of a spasm of the pharynx, larynx and diaphragm through the reflex action of this membrane. The Voice Its Production, Care and Preservation With reflex action, instinct, emotion and feeling, the list of native mental activities is still incomplete. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life The man and the machine are inextricably associated, and their reflex actions, one upon the other, are infinite. An Ocean Tramp The immediate consequent of a sensation is reflex action, the object of which is either to avoid pain or increase pleasure, in other words, either to preserve or augment the individual life. The Religious Sentiment Its Source and Aim: A Contribution to the Science and Philosophy of Religion An examination of sensibility with suitable instruments, and of reflex action, is to be recommended in all cases. Criminal Man According to the Classification of Cesare Lombroso The nervous processes of an impulsive being, are less remote from reflex actions than are those of an unimpulsive being. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I The mobility of attention obeys these same laws; only, attention is livelier and freer in its movements than reflex action or than the shifting in rivalry. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life The discovery of America by Columbus stands out in history as an event of supreme importance, both because of its value in itself and because of its reflex action upon Europe. Christopher Columbus and His Monument Columbia being a concordance of choice tributes to the great Genoese, his grand discovery, and his greatness of mind and purpose The Individual is another name for the boundaries of reflex action. The Religious Sentiment Its Source and Aim: A Contribution to the Science and Philosophy of Religion Tendinous reflex action feeble, few cutaneous reflexes, no tremors. Criminal Man According to the Classification of Cesare Lombroso In reflex actions we see a simple stimulus passing suddenly into movement: little or no control being exercised by other parts of the nervous system. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I These three laws hold good of reactions at all levels, from reflex action to rational thinking. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life His feet, moving as though by reflex action, patted the floor from time to time, making a curious clicking sound as the buttons of his gray spats struck the marble. Astounding Stories of Super-Science July 1930 The Delsarte rythmical exercises enable one not only to appear better and feel better, but, by a reflex action, to be better. Social Life or, The Manners and Customs of Polite Society Mrs. Adams felt herself obliged to appeal to masculine selfishness in showing the reflex action woman's education would have upon man. History of Woman Suffrage, Volume I Lowly organized creatures, guided almost entirely by reflex actions, are in but small degrees changeable by individual experiences. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I Why is it so difficult to find a valid distinction between instinct and reflex action? Psychology A Study Of Mental Life There are pains, insensitive areas, hypersensitive areas, changes in the pupils of the eyes, unrestrained reflex action, and partial loss of muscular control, as shown in talking, walking, and writing. The Home Medical Library, Volume II (of VI) And the placid-faced sisterhood evidence in their sweet expressions the close relation between the exoteric and esoteric of our natures; the reflex action between the physical and the spiritual entities of our being. Social Life or, The Manners and Customs of Polite Society I refer to the doctrine of reflex action, especially as extended to the brain. The Will to Believe : and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy And I often speculated whether there were any reflex action of these many varieties on the root, demanding a certain kind of service from it. The Apple-Tree The Open Country Books—No. 1 When a stimulus promptly arouses a reaction, and that ends the matter, we speak of reflex action--provided, of course, the connection between stimulus and response is native. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life He was a very wise man, and his jerky discourse concerned shocked nerve-centres and reflex actions. A Tall Ship On Other Naval Occasions This extraordinary phenomenon that somehow does happen was in some measure a reflex action. The Varmint There was a time, remembered by many of us here, when the existence of reflex action and all the other harmonies between the organism and the world were held to prove a God. The Will to Believe : and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy Sensation is clearly connected with the reflex actions of higher animals. The Approach to Philosophy What we have said regarding instinct thus far could equally well be said of reflex action. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life It is difficult to judge of any course of conduct entirely on its own merits, when it has a reflex action on ourselves. The Arbiter A Novel And yet the acts in question are by no means reflex actions; it is not Nature but habit which produces all this. Spontaneous Activity in Education The theory of evolution is beginning to do very good service by its reduction of all mentality to the type of reflex action. The Will to Believe : and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy That for some days or weeks prior to the operation the mouth and palate should have been trained to open widely and to bear manipulation, without reflex action being excited. A Manual of the Operations of Surgery For the Use of Senior Students, House Surgeons, and Junior Practitioners Life is activity, and every manifestation of life, such as reflex action or sensation, is a form of vital activity. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life Then with a reflex action I threw an empty galley—an oblong metal tray used to put the set type in—square over the hole. Land of the Burnt Thigh The early smile of the one is often as much a reflex action as the crying and blustering of the other, from hunger or inherited disease. The Silesian Horseherd - Questions of the Hour In a general way, all educated people know what reflex action means. The Will to Believe : and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy It is this reflex action of habitual acts and experiences which makes the subject difficult. Folkways A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals C. Judson Herrick, in his Introduction to Neurology, 2nd edition, 1918, gives a fuller and yet not too detailed account of the neurone in Chapter III, and of reflex action in Chapter IV. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life It was pure reflex action by a man who had been whammed over the head by a hundred-and-fifty-pound drum of yielding—in fact bursting—material. The Ambulance Made Two Trips We know that what we call fear is often a reflex action, as when a child closes its eyelids before a blow. The Silesian Horseherd - Questions of the Hour The relations of the doctrine of reflex action with no less a matter than the doctrine of theism is, in fact, the topic to which I now invite your attention. The Will to Believe : and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy The others instantly attacked him as if by reflex action. Long Ago, Far Away He feels active in hard muscular work or hard thinking, while he feels passive in reflex action, in sensation, and in simply "being reminded" of anything without any effort on his own part. Psychology A Study Of Mental Life It is not a happy disposition either for the person who is possessed with this idiosyncrasy, or in its reflex action upon others. Churchwardens' Manual their duties, powers, rights, and privilages Sensations arrested at the nerve centers and turned back without their reaching the brain results in reflex action. flu = flow. Orthography As Outlined in the State Course of Study for Illinois There have not been wanting writers enough to say that reflex action and all that follows from it give the coup de gr�ce to the superstition of a God. The Will to Believe : and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy What part voluntarily does man take in secretion, in digestion, in the reflex actions? Natural Law in the Spiritual World Despair of any continuity of godliness follows, and then it is that good resolves, becoming a mere reflex action of the mind, fail in their gracious influence, and cease to bring quiet. The Nebuly Coat The thought of the crystal ball or ring revolving in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction invariably causes an involuntary muscular reflex action to take place. A Practical Guide to Self-Hypnosis It is the reflex action of the great principle we have successfully, thus far, practised. Mysticism and its Results Being an Inquiry into the Uses and Abuses of Secrecy In the simplest type of reflex action, such as the winking of an eye in a blinding light, or the withdrawing of a hand from flame, such is the physiology of the process. Human Traits and their Social Significance It is for the sake of the reflex action upon life that the practice of coming to a right understanding with death is so valuable. The Essentials of Spirituality In the case of reflex actions these lower muscular centers alone are involved; in voluntary actions the originating of the motor impulses is "controlled" by consciousness. The Psychology of Singing A Rational Method of Voice Culture Based on a Scientific Analysis of All Systems, Ancient and Modern The simplest example of the action of the nervous system is reflex action. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata For in our own organisms we know that reflex actions are not accompanied by consciousness, although the complexity of the nerve-muscular systems concerned in these actions may be very considerable. The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals Nor can this be without its reflex action upon the mind of the child. Spirit and Music It is as if they were wound up to say similar things one after the other, like musical-boxes, by reflex action, and you never know when they will give up. 'That Very Mab' Involuntary contractions of the voluntary muscles can occur only as reflex actions. The Psychology of Singing A Rational Method of Voice Culture Based on a Scientific Analysis of All Systems, Ancient and Modern The great majority of reflex actions centre, however, in the spinal cord, and do not affect the brain. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata It does not turn at once, as it would were its movements the result of reflex action; it moves deliberately as though actuated by volition. The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals These observations have even been extended, and the endeavour made to apply them to the explanation of the origin of reflex actions and of instincts which have all started with consciousness. The Mind and the Brain Being the Authorised Translation of L'Âme et le Corps The brilliancy was not ours; it was the reflex action which was the result of the communion. Friendship If the muscles of the vocal organs are subject to involuntary contractions, the causes of these contractions must be sought through an investigation of the subject of reflex actions. The Psychology of Singing A Rational Method of Voice Culture Based on a Scientific Analysis of All Systems, Ancient and Modern An habitual or reflex action may have all the outward appearance of deliberate adjustment. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Instinct involves mental operations; if it did not, it would be simply reflex action. The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals For this reason experiments on reflex actions are valuable and decisive where similar experiments on voluntary actions are uncertain and of doubtful value. The Story of the Mind This moves and the reflex action is complete. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told An exhaustive discussion of the physiological and psychological features of reflex action is not called for here; a sufficient understanding of the subject may safely be assumed to be possessed by the reader. The Psychology of Singing A Rational Method of Voice Culture Based on a Scientific Analysis of All Systems, Ancient and Modern It controls most of the reflex actions of the body. A Handbook of Health Death-feigning in plants, and kindred phenomena, are not due, however, to conscious determination; they are, in all probability, simply the result of reflex action. The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals This holds that instincts are reflex actions, like the closing of the eye when an object threatens to enter it, only much more complex. The Story of the Mind An earthworm half out of its burrow becomes aware of the light tread of a thrush's foot, and jerks itself back into its hole before anyone can say "reflex action." The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Several examples of this form of reflex action are now to be considered. The Psychology of Singing A Rational Method of Voice Culture Based on a Scientific Analysis of All Systems, Ancient and Modern It is precisely the dearness of products which will, by reflex action, raise wages. Sophisms of the Protectionists I don't know anything about them there reflex actions," observed Yellin' Kid, "but I do know that this is no fishin' party! The Boy Ranchers Among the Indians or, Trailing the Yaquis Congestion ensues, and with it, through reflex action, the unnatural excitement of the animal propensities. Plain Facts for Old and Young The behaviour of the insectivorous plant called Venus's fly-trap when it shuts on an insect is like a reflex action in an animal, but plants have no definite nervous system. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Singing only approaches this condition of reflex action and habit after practice, and yet no air is perfectly sung except when the result is the outcome of a sort of new habit. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) If the arm or the leg of a sleeper be stroked or touched, or a cold breath of air blows thereon, it will be withdrawn, and such withdrawal is what we call a reflex action. Woman and Womanhood A Search for Principles Instinct is reflex action into which there is imported the element of consciousness. Selections from Previous Works and Remarks on Romanes' Mental Evolution in Animals Most people know something of what is meant by reflex action. Complete Hypnotism, Mesmerism, Mind-Reading and Spiritualism How to Hypnotize: Being an Exhaustive and Practical System of Method, Application, and Use In simple cases of these inborn pre-arrangements we speak of reflex actions; in more complicated cases, of instinctive behaviour. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Such a physiological relation of things is termed reflex action. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) Now, an instinctive action, as Herbert Spencer saw long ago, is a "complex165 reflex action." Woman and Womanhood A Search for Principles Etiology.—The functional activity of the esophagus is dependent upon reflex action. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The subtle adjustments of the delicate mechanism of the larynx belong to the realm of reflex action—to a spontaneous activity that, left unhindered, does its part in perfect nicety. Resonance in Singing and Speaking But this is a reflex action, not a reflective one. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told For such reflex action there are required structurally at least two neurones or nerve-cells, and functionally a stimulus of a certain strength and quality. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) Symptoms.—Deep sleep, loss of muscular power, diminished or abolished reflex action and sensibility, followed by loss of consciousness and marked fall of temperature. Aids to Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Sensation may arouse instinct and cause reflex action, or start a feeling state, or a train of thought. Applied Psychology for Nurses But this loose employment of the term "instinct" really accords with the nature of the thing; for it is wholly impossible to draw any line of demarcation between reflex actions and instincts. Hume (English Men of Letters Series) In the life of the individual these enregistrations are illustrated by memories and habituations and habits; in the life of the race they are illustrated by reflex actions and instinctive capacities. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told As this subject of reflex action is of the highest importance, the reader is advised to make himself thoroughly familiar with the principles involved before perusing the future chapters of this work. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) The torrent of bitter words she had poured on Elaine was the reflex action of that sudden realisation. Swirling Waters Definite tendencies, they are, to certain specific reflex actions in response to certain sensations. Applied Psychology for Nurses Surgeons operating upon patients completely under the influence of chloroform, and therefore completely unconscious, have observed strong reflex actions. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Among simple multicellular animals, such as sea-anemones, we find the beginnings of reflex actions, and a considerable part of the behaviour of the lower animals is reflex. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Ordinarily one is more or less conscious of reflex action, though the will is not involved; in fact, a willed or voluntary action is usually considered the reverse of a reflex or involuntary action. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) James Holden's hand opened with the swiftness of a reflex action, almost as fast as the wink of an eye at the flash of light or the body's jump at the crack of sound. The Fourth R It is as though the stimulus presses the trigger—instinct—and the muscle responds instantly with reflex action. Applied Psychology for Nurses These and other similar cases indicate clearly that reflex action occurs independently of the mind—that the mind neither causes nor controls it. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The starfish is often in the dilemma of losing a limb or its life; by a reflex action it jettisons the captured arm and escapes. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told But for a reflex action the brain is not essential. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) All functions of the brain, all forms of nerve impulse are modifications of the simple reflex action, the automatic transfer of sensations derived from external objects into movements of the body. The Story of the Innumerable Company, and Other Sketches The difference in the working of the nervous mechanism in consciously controlled and in reflex action may be illustrated by means of the accompanying figures. Ontario Normal School Manuals: Science of Education In digestion and circulation are found the best examples of the control of important processes through reflex action. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools His thought had cost him a soaking and the reflex action of his thought was strongly in evidence during the balance of our watch. S.O.S. Stand to! In like manner, the deep breath and the "Oh!" that follow a fear-inspiring sight, a very loud noise, or a severe pinch of the skin, are examples of reflex action. Voice Production in Singing and Speaking Based on Scientific Principles (Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged) Only the obedient survive, and hence comes about obedience to "sealed orders," obedience by reflex action, in which the will takes little part. The Story of the Innumerable Company, and Other Sketches In this respect it differs from a mere reflex action such as the winking of the eye, breathing, coughing, etc., which involves only some particular part of the organism. Ontario Normal School Manuals: Science of Education Voluntary Action Pathways differ in but one essential respect from those of reflex action. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools By some law of reflex action, known only to the male mind at such instants, the first sign that she was not to be won threw him into the mental attitude of the chase. The Miller Of Old Church Reflex action is as possible to the desire body as to the physical, but all reflex action is marked by its character of repetition, and absence of all power to initiate movement. Death—and After? These are the fruits of inheritance, and by their means, we may suppose, instinctive reflex actions are carried out. Scientific American Supplement, No. 1178, June 25, 1898 They dressed his wound, tested the reflex actions of his nerves, gazed through holes in bright mirrors at his eyes, and made him watch perpendicular pencils moving horizontally across his line of vision. "Contemptible", by "Casualty" It would seem, therefore, that the statement sometimes made that "voluntary action is reflex action plus the mind" is not far from correct. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools It would seem as if spontaneous attention went to sleep, but, like an alarm clock, awoke at the fixed hour, and then reflex action. The Mystic Will A Method of Developing and Strengthening the Faculties of the Mind, through the Awakened Will, by a Simple, Scientific Process Possible to Any Person of Ordinary Intelligence In India, as elsewhere, the reflex action of the war was a disturbing element. Essays in Liberalism Being the Lectures and Papers Which Were Delivered at the Liberal Summer School at Oxford, 1922 The simplest actions in which the nervous system is concerned are what we call reflex actions. The Destiny of Man Viewed in the Light of His Origin Prof. Preyer considered himself justified in concluding from this that ganglia are not essential for the liberation of reflex actions. Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889 A given act performed a number of times under conscious direction establishes a condition in the nervous system that enables it to occur without that direction and very much as reflex actions occur. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools In Humanity, mind, and especially Forethought, or reflection, combined in one effort with will and energy, enters into all acts, though often unsuspected, for it is a kind of unconscious reflex action or cerebration. The Mystic Will A Method of Developing and Strengthening the Faculties of the Mind, through the Awakened Will, by a Simple, Scientific Process Possible to Any Person of Ordinary Intelligence For one thing—after two months' experience of shell fire the sound of a shell bursting within measurable distance makes you start and shiver for a moment—reflex action of the nerves. Adventures of a Despatch Rider It lessens and finally abolishes reflex action by a direct action upon the cord, and by a slight action upon the muscles and nerves. Scientific American Supplement, No. 508, September 26, 1885 A difference in degree of complexity and extent is the only thing that places intelligence apart from instinct and reflex action, for the units are the same in all cases,—so far as science knows. The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope Actions of this kind are known as secondary reflex actions, or as acquired reflexes. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools And there was a reflex action to this sharpening. The Other Girls This doctrine was long ago exploded by the discovery of the phenomena of reflex action, in which sensible impressions, as you know, produce movement immediately and of themselves. Talks To Teachers On Psychology; And To Students On Some Of Life's Ideals The development of activity, the relation of reflex action to instinctive, of impulsive to volitional, and the value of all to the organism, should be made clear by reaction-time study. Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 1 Containing Sixteen Experimental Investigations from the Harvard Psychological Laboratory. This is the method of comparative psychology, which establishes the conclusion that reason is the more complex term of a series to which reflex action, instinct, and intelligence directly lead. The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope According to this view, secondary reflex action is but a higher phase of ordinary reflex action—a kind of reflex action, the conditions of which have been established by the mind through repetition. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools If there was a reflex action in the mental influence, how much more in the tender and spiritual! The Other Girls The reflex actions of intense concentration for a short time, followed by the giving out of creative work, will send a child back to its other lessons with an alert mind and with increased vigour. Music As A Language Lectures to Music Students They are, therefore, analogous to reflex actions, and especially to certain epileptic paroxysms due to reflex irritations. Scientific American Supplement, No. 441, June 14, 1884. It is easy for women to stock up their lower nerve centers with reflex actions. Woman in Modern Society Certain acts repeated again and again have established conditions in the nervous system which enable definite forms of action to be excited, somewhat after the manner of reflex action. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The further history of popular sovereignty in Kansas must be lightly touched upon, for it is the reflex action in the halls of Congress that interests the student of Douglas's career. Stephen A. Douglas A Study in American Politics The reflex action upon the library of this intimate connection with the school will be highly beneficial. A Library Primer In all these respects this differs from reflex action. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 He is born with them, as he is born with a certain pulse and a certain reflex action. The Feast of St. Friend Habits, in common with other forms of secondary reflex action, serve the important purpose of economizing the nervous energy. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools He put it off deliberately till then, fearing that it might entail a degree of mental agitation on his part that would have an undesirable reflex action upon the paper. A Daughter of To-Day Queed was among the first to rise; the movement was like a reflex action. Queed They train and spur the will as pure reflex action never could. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 There was absolute cessation of all natural respiratory efforts, complete unconsciousness, total abolition of reflex action and motion, and galvanism with the ordinary magneto-electric machine failed to induce muscular contractions. Scientific American Supplement, No. 470, January 3, 1885 This view of its functions makes of the cerebellum the great center of secondary reflex action. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools She supposed they must all have heard the history of the room, in childhood, and forgotten that they had heard it, and then been consciously reminded of it by reflex action. In the Wrong Paradise There would then have probably been some reflex action of the nerves. Master of His Fate And the response to them on the part of the mind is in some respects almost comparable to reflex action. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 Herbert Spencer's definition of instinct as "compound reflex action" is sufficiently clear and definite for ordinary use. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 3 Analysis of the Sexual Impulse; Love and Pain; The Sexual Impulse in Women In reflex action the impulses are mainly through the spinal cord, but to some extent through the bulb, pons, and midbrain. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools It was an habitual irony, like some old liquor brewed years ago, and now it came into his face probably without any participation of his will, as it were by reflex action. The Lady with the Dog and Other Stories The unforced will of a moral being must be held responsible for both its direct, and its reflex action; for both its sin, and its bondage in sin. Sermons to the Natural Man And in his mental life reflex action and instinct, appetite and prudence, are still of great importance. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 Only the Lord can understand When those first pangs begin, How much is reflex action and How much is really sin. A Diversity of Creatures The cerebrum, in addition to controlling the voluntary movements, is able to establish the necessary conditions for secondary reflex actions, such as walking, writing, etc. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools They argue that prayer has a reflex action upon the petitioner and reconciles him to his lot. In His Image It was remarked in the beginning of this discourse, that the bondage of sin is the result of the reflex action of the human will upon itself. Sermons to the Natural Man The eye, when capable of forming an image, is almost never concerned in a purely reflex action. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 Of women not Christian, but freed from ancient bonds by this reflex action of Christian thought, perhaps the most eminent example is Mrs. Sarojini Naidu. Lighted to Lighten: the Hope of India Describe a reflex action and show how it is brought about. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools His endeavors to win Charley's favor had had a reflex action. Bred in the Bone In some cases the hand was moved, and in one or two instances a substance was grasped as if by reflex action. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine Before the animal could safely be allowed to govern itself intelligently it had to serve a long apprenticeship to reflex action and instinct. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 This truth may be physiologically expressed by saying that the isolated individual possesses the capacity of dominating his reflex actions, while a crowd is devoid of this capacity. The Crowd; study of the popular mind Draw diagrams showing the impulse pathways in voluntary and in reflex action. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools If this plan is followed, the beheaded chicken must be held firmly until the blood has drained away and the reflex action that sets in has ceased. Woman's Institute Library of Cookery Volume 3: Soup; Meat; Poultry and Game; Fish and Shell Fish An ordinary instinctive man, in Hamlet's position, would either have set about murdering his uncle, by reflex action, or else would have gone right away. Twilight in Italy But even in man certain realms, like those of the internal organs, are rarely invaded by consciousness, but are normally left to the control of reflex action. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 In the animal organization a large class of reflex actions are excited, not by a direct influence, but indirectly by the agency of the nerves and spinal cord. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 05, No. 31, May, 1860 How does secondary reflex action lessen the work of the nervous system? Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Animals, like men, have reflex actions and sensations, though nature enters the animal by force, takes it by assault, conquers and enslaves it. Aesthetic as Science of Expression and General Linguistic It was only clear to the father that his son must labor for others with a labor, if possible, whose reflex action should be life to himself. Home Again These reflex actions are performed independently of consciousness or will. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 To harbor the doctrine that the world owes every man a living, not only discounts the character value of the individual, but has a reflex action on the entire social organism. A Fleece of Gold; Five Lessons from the Fable of Jason and the Golden Fleece Other reflex actions adapted to class study are those of the eyes, such as the closing of the lids on moving objects near them and the dilating of the pupils when the eyes are shaded. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools There are certain centres in the spinal cord that are capable of carrying on certain reflex actions independent of the chief centre in the brain. Common Diseases of Farm Animals The prevailing opinion respecting the substances known as condiments is, that they possess essentially stimulating qualities, rendering them peculiarly fitted for inducing, by reflex action, the secretion of the alimentary juices. Scientific American Supplement, No. 430, March 29, 1884 Most of the sensory cells of the animal minister at first to reflex action, and there is thus little true perception. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 He descended the great stairway, all quivering with the reflex action of the words which had burst from his heart, and with the feverish fire in his blood. The Saint The involuntary jerking of the head on bringing the prongs of a vibrating tuning fork in contact with the end of the nose is also a reflex action which can be studied to advantage. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Telegraphic communication must be cut off from the brain, that there be no reflex action. Scientific American Supplement, No. 275, April 9, 1881 Oh, but they say, "We do not expect a direct answer to prayer; it is the reflex action we are after." Lectures of Col. R. G. Ingersoll, Volume I Including His Answers to the Clergy, His Oration at His Brother's Grave, Etc., Etc. But reflex actions may be anything but simple. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 This is governed by the law of reflex action, by which stimulation of any nerve center produces responsive action in other parts of the body. Expressive Voice Culture, Including the Emerson System Steps in the Production of Sensations.—The steps in the production of sensations are not essentially different from those in the production of reflex action. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The other day we were struggling with the subject of reflex action, and one of the girls handed in this definition as she had understood it from me! The Lady of the Decoration It was an easy, confident tap, and there was a good deal of reflex action in the Governor's "Come in." Lifted Masks; stories The essential characteristic of reflex action is therefore that from beginning to completion it goes on independently of consciousness. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 This develops merely sensitiveness, reflex action, and does not enlarge the power of feeling nor encourage the motive and the real heart. Expressive Voice Culture, Including the Emerson System The animal remains perfectly quiet, because the destruction of the cord has interrupted the reflex action pathway. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Tell him, too, at the same time, to "do without atmospheric air, to regulate the reflex action of his nervous system and control the pulsations of his heart." The Opium Habit In these volumes an attempt is made to trace objectively the evolution of mind from reflex action through instinct to reason, memory, feeling, and will, from the interaction of the nervous system with its environment. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 14 The New Era; A Supplementary Volume, by Recent Writers, as Set Forth in the Preface and Table of Contents Besides this function of the spinal cord as a great nerve conductor to carry sensations to the brain, and bring back its orders, it is also an independent center for what is called reflex action. A Practical Physiology But nevertheless, he raised it again as a sort of reflex action and thrust it directly at the teeth of the creature. Abducted to Oz These are known as reflex action, voluntary action, and secondary reflex action. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The Constitution was the reflex action of two opposing tendencies, the one the imperative need of an efficient central government, and the other the passionate attachment to local self-rule. The Constitution of the United States A Brief Study of the Genesis, Formulation and Political Philosophy of the Constitution The reflex action of the snail is the result of the presence of a nervous system in the animal. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays These give rise to certain reflex actions which are as entirely independent of consciousness as are those of the spinal cord. A Practical Physiology Habit may be defined with enough accuracy for ordinary purposes as the result of reflex action, or the immediate response of the nerves to a stimulus, without the intervention of consciousness. The Emancipation of Massachusetts These experiments show that the nervous impulses that produce reflex action need only pass through the spinal cord and do not reach the cerebrum, the organ of the mind. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The continuous arc thus established, without employment of the at present necessary girl, will exactly represent the exquisite machinery of reflex action which each of us bears about in his own brain. The Nature of Goodness When the pulling off of the old skin hurt the new skin underneath, the head flinched slightly, just as any hurt flesh will flinch by reflex action; but that was absolutely all. The Minds and Manners of Wild Animals A Book of Personal Observations The sudden start of the whole body at some loud noise, the instinctive dodging a threatened blow, and the springing back from sudden danger, are the results of reflex action. A Practical Physiology Intoxicated with the reflex action from the sea of eager listeners, he outdid himself with each succeeding climax of feeling. The One Woman The Reflex Action Pathway.—By study of the impulses that produce any reflex action, a rather definite pathway may be made out, having the following divisions: 1. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools I may have been a mere automaton, under the control of a series of reflex actions. The Nature of Goodness Beginning with reflex actions and the development of the nervous system, he goes on to discuss the functions of the spinal cord and the brain. Bergson and His Philosophy Thus we may acquire a sort of artificial reflex action, which in time becomes in a way a part of our organization, and is carried on without will power or even consciousness. A Practical Physiology I was helpless, obeying a reflex action of the soul. The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne : a Novel Reflex Action in Digestion.—The flowing of the saliva, when food is present in the mouth, is an example of reflex action. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The reflex actions, described in the last chapter, and many of our habits too, contain no precise reference to our self. The Nature of Goodness But this subconscious neurasthenia in no wise affected the reflex action of his ordinary faculties. Number Seventeen In fact, any attempt to control reflex action is more apt to hinder than to help. A Practical Physiology And here are the steps of its ascent from the mud to man: simple reflex action, compound reflex action, memory, habit, rudimentary reason, and abstract reason. Revolution, and Other Essays Other changes in the blood supply to different parts of the body are also of the nature of reflex actions. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools This physical frame of mine is a curious organic mechanism, in which reflex actions and instincts do their blind work at a hint from me. The Nature of Goodness Man's freedom derives from this source, but it is simply apparent, as far as he is a cause; it is a reflex action determined by a new agency of the first cause. Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres The reflex action of the cord may be diminished, or inhibited as it is called, but this power is limited. A Practical Physiology When a bad smell causes a grimace, there is a reflex action through the same motor nerve, while the olfactory nerves constitute the afferent channels. Physics and Politics, or, Thoughts on the application of the principles of "natural selection" and "inheritance" to political society The pupil has but to study carefully the reflex actions of his own body for a period, say of two or three weeks, in order to be convinced of their protective value. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Just above our unconscious mental modifications appear the reflex actions, or instincts. The Nature of Goodness The only difference between man and a vegetable was the reflex action of the complicated mirror which was called mind, and the mark of mind was reflective absorption or choice. Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres Various mental emotions also have a reflex action upon the sympathetic system. A Practical Physiology In these cases, therefore, reflex action must be effected through the brain, all the nerves involved being cerebral. Physics and Politics, or, Thoughts on the application of the principles of "natural selection" and "inheritance" to political society He will also find that reflex action is quicker, and for that reason offers in some cases better protection, than movements directed by the mind. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Under it, as the height of our being, are ranged the three other stages,—consciousness, reflex action, and unconsciousness. The Nature of Goodness Although I expressed astonishment, it proceeded rather from some reflex action than from any realised shock to my consciousness. The Red Planet In other words, the sweat glands may be stimulated to increased action both by an increased flow of blood, and also by reflex action upon the vaso-dilator nerves of the parts. A Practical Physiology This same condition may be noticed in another unconscious or reflex action—breathing. Stammering, Its Cause and Cure Choice in Voluntary Action.—In reflex action a given stimulus, acting in a certain way; produces each time the same result. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Our flesh shrinks from what it dreads and responds to the stimulus of what it desires by a purely reflex action of the nervous system. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Nay! to Gaston for one, the power of the old classic poetry itself was explained by the reflex action of the new, and might seem to justify its pretensions at last. Gaston de Latour; an unfinished romance It is a great nerve tract for transmitting sensory and motor impressions, and also the seat of a number of centers for reflex actions of the highest importance to life. A Practical Physiology Yes: I maintain that I am responsible for my intentions only, and not for reflex actions over which I have no control. Overruled Irritation of the nerve endings in this membrane causes impulses to pass to the center, and this leads, by reflex action, to such modifications of the respiratory acts as sneezing and coughing. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools —In the same way, said Stephen, your flesh responded to the stimulus of a naked statue, but it was, I say, simply a reflex action of the nerves. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man It had been, on Edward's part, the merest reflex action. The Good Soldier This constitutes reflex action, so called because the impulse sent to the spinal cord by certain sensory nerves is at once reflected or sent back as a motor impulse to the muscles. A Practical Physiology As a slight blow on the eye causes, by reflex action, a copious effusion of tears, can the slight spasmodic contraction of the orbicularis act like a blow? More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Compare sensations and reflex actions with reference to their nature and cause. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Hartley, in 1784, had anticipated many of the doctrines which have since been systematized into the theory of reflex actions, and with which I have attempted to associate this act of reflex vision. Medical Essays, 1842-1882 Digestion is explained by R�aumur and Spallanzani, respiration by Lavoisier; Prochaska verifies the mechanism of reflex actions; Haller and Spallanzani experiment on and describe the conditions and phases of generation. The Ancient Regime This reflex action is a most important function of the spinal cord. A Practical Physiology How little do we know our thoughts—our reflex actions indeed, yes; but our reflex reflections! The Way of All Flesh This of course shows that reflex action can take place independently of the brain. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The incident is the success of the day, and is obviously intended to have some kind of reflex action in amusing the reader. The Children Then Marshall Hall, the most famous of English physicians of his day, made his classical observations on the phenomena that henceforth were to be known as reflex action. A History of Science — Volume 4 Thus, a sudden flash of light causes the eyes to blink, as the result of reflex action. A Practical Physiology Thus in certain diseases, where the part of the brain involved in movement is injured, voluntary movement disappears but reflex action is increased. The Foundations of Personality Now would it not be possible in this way, purely by reflex action, to turn into a burglar?'' Criminal Psychology; a manual for judges, practitioners, and students The park embrace, as nearly as I can analyse it, seems to be one part instinct, one part duty, one part custom, and one part reflex action. Penelope's English Experiences That is, injuries awaken those reflex actions which by natural selection have been developed for the purpose of self-protection. Origin and Nature of Emotions In fact, the greater part of nerve power is expended to produce reflex action. A Practical Physiology The shedding of tears appears to have originated through reflex action from the spasmodic contraction of the eyelids, together perhaps with the eyeballs becoming gorged with blood during the act of screaming. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals A closer examination of reflex action requires consideration of certain properties, which in themselves cannot easily have criminal significance, but which tend to make that significance clearer. Criminal Psychology; a manual for judges, practitioners, and students The belief had its reflex action, doing something to calm her. The Pool in the Desert The fortunes of the day depended on the comparative quickness of the reflex action of his neural ganglia and mine. Fisherman's Luck and Some Other Uncertain Things The spinal cord, too, is often affected and becomes unable to respond to the demand for reflex action, as appears from the trembling hands, the staggering legs, the swaying body, and the general muscular uncertainty. A Practical Physiology It has been suggested to me that this may be due to irritating matter being injected into the nostrils, and causing by reflex action the secretion of tears. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals It would have been a criminal matter and I doubt whether anybody would have believed that it was a ``reflex action,'' though I was then, as to-day, convinced that the action was reflex. Criminal Psychology; a manual for judges, practitioners, and students As many reflex actions are highly expressive, the subject must here be noticed at some little length. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Another familiar instance of a reflex action is the involuntary closing of the eyelids when the surface of the eye is touched. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Thus reflex actions, when once gained for one purpose, might afterwards be modified independently of the will or habit, so as to serve for some distinct purpose. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Coughing and sneezing are familiar instances of reflex actions. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Such habitual movements are often, or generally inherited; and they then differ but little from reflex actions. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals The conscious wish to perform a reflex action sometimes stops or interrupts its performance, though the proper sensory nerves may be stimulated. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Yet laughter from a ludicrous idea, though involuntary, cannot be called a strictly reflex action. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals With all three, the orbicular, corrugator, and pyramidal muscles were energetically contracted, through reflex action, from the excitement of the retina, so that their eyes might be protected from the bright light. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals They have to learn to perform these acts, yet they are performed by us, when a little older, almost as easily as reflex actions. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals |
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