| 单词 | redox |
| 例句 | Lightning reduces an electrical energy gradient, thought the redox gradient of the blood going to your brain. Why are we here? Evolution’s dirty secrets 2013-06-02T11:00:00Z Additionally, targeting the cellular redox balance prevents and treats chronic inflammatory pain in rodents. Disturbances in sensory neurons may alter transient pain into chronic pain 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Each reactor in the train would house the metal that undergoes the redox, or reversible rusting, process. Solar design would harness 40% of the sun's heat to produce clean hydrogen fuel 2023-10-16T04:00:00Z Vanadium redox batteries, for instance, have a low levelized cost, are scalable, don’t degrade and there is no risk of combustion. Tesla’s big batteries aren’t the fire problem — lithium is 2022-10-03T04:00:00Z The senators said an NPR report about the government transferring vanadium redox battery technology prompted their request for an investigation. Lawmakers want investigation of Energy Department transferring expensive tech to China 2022-09-19T04:00:00Z Within the cell, fuel and oxidant undergo the same redox chemistry as when they are combusted, but via a catalyzed electrochemical that is significantly more efficient. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Rather, it is derived from a process that begins with moving electrons through a series of electron transporters that undergo redox reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Uranium deposition is an example of redox mobilization. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z It wouldn’t be too long before life forms capable of capitalizing on all that new free redox power seized the opportunity, an event called the Cambrian explosion. Fungi Might Have Helped Drag the Planet Out of its ‘Snowball Earth’ Phase 2021-09-24T04:00:00Z In eukaryotic cells, including our own, such “redox” reactions take place on the inner membrane of the mitochondria, and the distances involved are tiny—just micrometers. ‘Electric mud’ teems with new, mysterious bacteria 2020-08-19T04:00:00Z The relevant redox reactions are described by the following equations: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The citric acid cycle is a series of redox and decarboxylation reactions that remove high-energy electrons and carbon dioxide. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It will be intriguing to see how proteins such as HPCA1 function in redox signalling networks that are likely to prepare plants for life in a future high-CO2 world. How plant cells sense the outside world through hydrogen peroxide 2020-02-18T05:00:00Z However, like hemoglobin, it is an iron-based pigment descended from a family of ancient proteins that early bacteria used to control redox reactions. Icefish Study Adds Another Color to the Story of Blood 2019-05-06T04:00:00Z Whereas cable bacteria solve their redox requirements by long-distance transport to oxygenated mud, these microbes depend on each other’s metabolisms to satisfy their redox needs. ‘Electric mud’ teems with new, mysterious bacteria 2020-08-19T04:00:00Z Tabulations of standard electrode potentials may be used to compute standard cell potentials, E°cell, for many redox reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The electrons are passed through a series of redox reactions, with a small amount of free energy used at three points to transport hydrogen ions across a membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of lithium–oxygen redox reactions. A lithium–oxygen battery with a long cycle life in an air-like atmosphere 2018-03-20T04:00:00Z By contrast, Yan and colleagues’ mechanophores are inorganic units that undergo redox processes, which occur in response to compression rather than stretching. Molecules pressured to react 2018-02-20T05:00:00Z One night, waking from his sleep, Nielsen came up with a bizarre explanation: What if bacteria buried in the mud were completing the redox reaction by somehow bypassing the oxygen-poor layers? ‘Electric mud’ teems with new, mysterious bacteria 2020-08-19T04:00:00Z Fuel cells, sometimes called flow batteries, are devices that harness the energy of spontaneous redox reactions normally associated with combustion processes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z What role does NAD+ play in redox reactions? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Menzies, O. N., Bland, P. A., Berry, F. J. & Cressey, G. A Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study of ordinary chondrites: quantification of modal mineralogy and implications for redox conditions during metamorphism. Halogens in chondritic meteorites and terrestrial accretion 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z The solid storage materials are porous enough to allow the liquid redox mediators to bubble through and grab both electrons and lithium ions and ferry them to the membrane. New type of ‘flow battery’ can store 10 times the energy of the next best device 2015-11-27T05:00:00Z Until now, scientists believed that diamonds are formed through a "redox" reaction involving the movement of fluid by the oxidation of methane or the chemical reduction of carbon dioxide. Diamonds Aren't As Rare As You Might Think, Scientists Say 2015-11-04T05:00:00Z For redox reactions of this sort, the loss and gain of electrons define the complementary processes that occur: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and involves a series of redox and decarboxylation reactions that again remove high energy electrons and produce CO2. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z During charging, this redox reaction is reversed, removing electrons from the positive side to recharge the negative side. Electrochemistry: Liquid assets : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z They then used charge-carrying liquids, called redox mediators, to ferry electrical charges from the solids to the stack and back again. New type of ‘flow battery’ can store 10 times the energy of the next best device 2015-11-27T05:00:00Z Tejas won by correctly spelling the word “redox” in the 14th round. Suburban Richmond pupil wins regional Va. Spelling Bee 2015-03-17T04:00:00Z To clarify the similarity of this reaction to the previous one and permit an unambiguous definition of redox reactions, a property called oxidation number has been defined. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The electrons pass through a series of redox reactions, using free energy at three points to transport hydrogen ions across the membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For example, under certain assay conditions, some molecules — redox cyclers — produce hydrogen peroxide5, an antiseptic that is also produced by certain immune cells. Chemistry: Chemical con artists foil drug discovery 2014-09-23T04:00:00Z As a consequence, redox flow batteries may hold great potential for replacing gas-fired peaking power plants, and for providing badly needed grid stabilization services. EnerVault Unveils First Of Its Kind Iron-Chromium Megawatt-Scale Flow Battery 2014-05-30T04:00:00Z The Salado has geological, physical, chemical, redox, thermal, and creep-closure properties that make it ideal for long-term waste disposal — long-term in this case being greater than 200 million years. WIPP Is Still The Best and Only Choice For Nuclear Waste 2014-03-06T04:13:00Z In these cases, equations representing the redox reaction can be very challenging to balance by inspection, and the use of a systematic approach called the half-reaction method is helpful. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. [Research Article] A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars 2014-01-23T19:25:13.267Z The Salado has geological, physical, chemical, redox, thermal, and creep-closure properties that make it possible for long-term disposal – long-term in this case being greater than 200 million years. DNA Evidence Sentences Nuclear Waste To Billion-Year Prison Term 2014-01-01T18:56:00Z The tanks of electrolyte hold their charge virtually indefinitely because no phase change or plating occurs in a redox flow battery and thus the electrolyte is a capital cost and permanent asset. EnerVault Unveils First Of Its Kind Iron-Chromium Megawatt-Scale Flow Battery 2014-05-30T04:00:00Z Vanadium is the best performer in their current laboratory test system - a type of redox flow unit - similar to a simple battery. 'Electronic blood' computer tested 2013-10-18T17:05:02Z Tabulations of E° values for other half-cells measured in a similar fashion are available as reference literature to permit calculations of cell potentials and the prediction of the spontaneity of redox processes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z IBM also is developing a system called a redox flow battery that also uses it to distribute power instead of using wires. How IBM Is Making Computers More Like Your Brain. For Real 2013-10-18T14:45:00.430Z They grow by the interaction between a carbon bearing fluid and rock – typically involving redox reactions such as the breakdown of CO2 or methane. Some facets of the geology of diamonds 2013-05-09T13:15:00.553Z The other beauty of redox flow batteries is the increasing economies of scale that result from the nature of the technology. EnerVault Unveils First Of Its Kind Iron-Chromium Megawatt-Scale Flow Battery 2014-05-30T04:00:00Z For highly scalable technologies like redox flow batteries, the space opened by order 755 could pave the way to large-scale electricity storage in the future. Guest Post: The Value of Short-term Energy Storage for Renewable Energy 2012-12-26T16:45:00.283Z Predictions regarding the spontaneity of redox reactions under standard state conditions can then be easily made by simply comparing the relative positions of their table entries. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Is this kid’s full contribution to society contingent on being able to dodge redox reactions in high school? On the apparent horrors of requiring high school students to take chemistry. 2012-10-17T03:45:00.203Z This comment addresses various biological effects of the redox partners of CNO and of derived products that may interfere with the results of Ray et al. [Technical Comment] Comment on “Impaired Respiratory and Body Temperature Control Upon Acute Serotonergic Neuron Inhibition” 2012-08-10T14:25:29.330Z They determined that an iron-chromium redox flow battery was the correct solution for delivering large amounts of energy safely and in a cost-effective manner. EnerVault Unveils First Of Its Kind Iron-Chromium Megawatt-Scale Flow Battery 2014-05-30T04:00:00Z In order to get energy to power cellular processes you need to set up redox pathways, which involve cycles of electron donors and acceptors. The origin of breathing: how bacteria learnt to use oxygen 2012-07-29T22:15:00.207Z By definition, E°cell is positive when E°cathode > E°anode, and so any redox reaction in which the oxidant’s entry is above the reductant’s entry is predicted to be spontaneous. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In redox reactions the charge of chemical components becomes more positive through oxidation or more negative through reduction, removing or adding electrons, respectively. Florid Findings: Male Dragonflies Color Shift via Simple Chemical Reaction 2012-07-10T17:15:00.223Z We argue that a detailed understanding of the depositional setting, mineralogy, and geologic history of Precambrian sedimentary rocks indicates that the Fe isotope record dominantly reflects biological fractionations and Fe redox processes. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Abiotic Pyrite Formation Produces a Large Fe Isotope Fractionation? 2012-02-02T18:55:36.490Z Naked mole rats pose a challenge to the theories that link ageing, cancer and redox homeostasis. Genome sequencing reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the naked mole rat 2011-11-15T17:21:47.017Z A promise of a carbon source, a whisper of redox potential, and life will arrive. Gold mine 2011-06-01T17:20:04.803Z As an indicator of spontaneity for redox reactions, the potential of a cell reaction shows a consequential relationship in its arithmetic sign. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z They found that at the heart of the mechanism was a simple chemical redox reaction. Florid Findings: Male Dragonflies Color Shift via Simple Chemical Reaction 2012-07-10T17:15:00.223Z Electrochemical cells permit this relative redox activity to be quantified by an easily measured property, potential. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Many changes associated with energy metabolism and redox control were observed. Genome sequencing reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the naked mole rat 2011-11-15T17:21:47.017Z Reconsideration of the two redox reactions in Example 17.4 provides support for this fact. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A concentration cell is constructed by connecting two nearly identical half-cells, each based on the same half- reaction and using the same electrode, varying only in the concentration of one redox species. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In these cells, electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the redox reaction are transferred through an external circuit. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A summary of this redox system is provided by these equations: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The redox reactions in a galvanic cell occur only at the interface between each half-cell’s reaction mixture and its electrode. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In this case, both members of the redox couple are solute species, and so Pt is used as an inert electrode that can simply provide or accept electrons to redox species in solution. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The potential of a concentration cell, therefore, is determined only by the difference in concentration of the chosen redox species. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Electrodes constructed from a member of the redox couple, such as the Mg anode in this cell, are called active electrodes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the case of a redox reaction taking place within a galvanic cell under standard state conditions, essentially all the work is associated with transferring the electrons from reductant-to-oxidant, welec: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The relation between free energy change and standard cell potential confirms the sign conventions and spontaneity criteria previously discussed for both of these properties: spontaneous redox reactions exhibit positive potentials and negative free energy changes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Using the oxidation number concept, an all-inclusive definition of redox reaction has been established. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The examples below demonstrate the application of this method to balancing equations for aqueous redox reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Some redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactant species to yield ionic products, such as the reaction between sodium and chlorine to yield sodium chloride: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Some redox processes, however, do not involve the transfer of electrons. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Returning to the reactions used to introduce this topic, they may now both be identified as redox processes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This is not a redox reaction, since oxidation numbers remain unchanged for all elements. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Consider the construction of a device that contains all the reactants and products of a redox system like the one here, but prevents physical contact between the reactants. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This is not a redox reaction, since oxidation numbers remain unchanged for all elements. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z To improve electrical conductivity without introducing a different redox species, the hydrogen ion concentration of the water is typically increased by addition of a strong acid. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Aqueous phase redox processes often involve water or its characteristic ions, H+ and OH−, as reactants in addition to the oxidant and reductant, and equations representing these reactions can be challenging to balance. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In electrochemistry, the potentials of cells and half- cells are thermodynamic quantities that reflect the driving force or the spontaneity of their redox processes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This is required when neither member of the half-cell’s redox couple can reasonably function as an electrode, which must be electrically conductive and in a phase separate from the half-cell solution. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z |
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