| 单词 | quantized |
| 例句 | Even though it doesn’t agree with the way nature seems to work, Planck’s strange hypothesis—that molecular vibrations were quantized—led to the correct formula for the frequencies of light that come off an object. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z While Planck proposed that molecules’ vibrations were quantized, Einstein proposed that light came in little packets of energy called photons. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z Light is quantized into photons, directly contradicting the wave theory of light that had not been questioned for more than a century. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea 2000-02-07T00:00:00Z The song is measured and quantized, but thoroughly obsessional. Foo Fighters Begin a New Chapter, and 8 More New Songs 2023-04-21T04:00:00Z It’s quantized, minimal cyber-funk with a hopping bass line and one percussion sound highlighted at a time: triangle, bongos, handclaps, cowbell. The Playlist: Lost (and Found) John Coltrane, and 10 More New Songs 2018-06-29T04:00:00Z What are your thoughts on the way we now spend so much of our lives experiencing digital and quantized content? A Word With: Boards of Canada: ‘Tomorrow’s Harvest,’ by Boards of Canada 2013-06-11T21:13:07Z You may not like synthesized pop music, or the use of quantized synths in pop or rock. This is the Fox News of music: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is an embarrassing, corrupting institution 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z This phenomenon, known as the quantum Hall effect, originates from the same quantized energy levels of the electrons in the circular orbits discussed above. Twisted science: New quantum ruler to explore exotic matter 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z Under this theory, spacetime itself would become quantized, which would allow scientists to understand the behavior of large-scale spacetime through a quantum lens. Will Scientists Ever Find a Theory of Everything? 2023-08-19T04:00:00Z In 1980, it was discovered that the Hall effect is quantized, an example of quantum behavior in a macroscopic object. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Quantized energy means that the electrons can possess only certain discrete energy values; values between those quantized values are not permitted. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The feeble photon spawned by a dark photon would nudge the different ions in opposite directions, setting off quantized vibrations called optical phonons. To crack the mystery of dark matter, physicists turn to supersensitive quantum sensors 2022-04-27T04:00:00Z Systems thinking rests on the principle that biological information is quantized thereby restricting the number of possible values or states. We Must Find Ways to Detect Cancer Much Earlier 2020-12-17T05:00:00Z It’s ironic that disco, which was criticized for sounding mechanical, now functions as a warm, human antidote to precise, quantized songs made on home computers. Nowadays, disco and the Bee Gees are widely beloved. But that sure wasn't the case 40 years ago 2020-12-10T05:00:00Z The direction of the nuclear magnetic field is quantized as is energy in the radio waves. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The Bohr model retains the classical mechanics view of circular orbits confined to planes having constant energy and angular momentum, but restricts these to quantized values dependent on a single quantum number, n. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Working at low temperatures with atomically thin layers of crystalline materials — known as two-dimensional electron systems — he discovered that this voltage is quantized. The quantum Hall effect continues to reveal its secrets to mathematicians and physicists 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z In some versions of quantum gravity, time itself would be quantized, meaning it would be made from discrete units, which would be the fundamental period of time. The Universe’s Clock Might Have Bigger Ticks Than We Imagine 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z Because the breadsticks are brought in quantized baskets, there is some finite time between basket a and basket a + 1. The first task of my internship 2020-06-02T04:00:00Z While most of us are familiar with the quantization of matter into lumps called atoms, molecules, and the like, we are less aware that energy, too, can be quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Because of the quantized orbits, such “quantum jumps” will produce discrete spectra, in agreement with observations. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Moreover, the value of the quantized resistance is accurate even when materials contain impurities, which would otherwise change the resistance. The quantum Hall effect continues to reveal its secrets to mathematicians and physicists 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z Others are using tabletop experiments to monitor the gravitational fields around entangled objects—minuscule gold or diamond spheres, for example—looking for signs that gravity itself is “quantized” into discrete bits. On the Heels of a Light Beam 2020-04-23T04:00:00Z For example, sound and vibration are quantized in discrete packets called phonons. Counting grains of sound 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z All of this seems quite continuous, but it was the curve of the spectrum of intensity versus wavelength that gave a clue that the energies of the atoms in the solid are quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Instead of allowing for continuous values of energy, Bohr assumed the energies of these electron orbitals were quantized: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But a more rigorous explanation of quantized Hall resistance needed the theory to extend to global curvature. The quantum Hall effect continues to reveal its secrets to mathematicians and physicists 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z First, it was thought that electric charge was quantized in units of the electron charge, but quarks would have to have charges of 2/3 and -1/3. Remembering Murray Gell-Mann 2019-06-06T04:00:00Z Physics, since it was quantized, is even more random than biology. The Great Hunger and the Randomness of the World 2019-03-17T04:00:00Z The energies of the oscillating atoms and molecules had to be quantized to correctly describe the shape of the blackbody spectrum. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Of these features, the most important is the postulate of quantized energy levels for an electron in an atom. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In this phenomenon, complex electron interactions cause the Hall resistance to be quantized at a value that is just a fraction of the charge of the electron. The quantum Hall effect continues to reveal its secrets to mathematicians and physicists 2020-07-28T04:00:00Z Pines and Bohm showed that these oscillations in the density of electrons are quantized and exist only with a set of allowable energies; they called the oscillations plasmons. David Pines (1924–2018) 2018-08-19T04:00:00Z “But if they are found, and the properties match the expectations from inflation, it would be very strong evidence that gravity is quantized.” Is Gravity Quantum? 2018-08-14T04:00:00Z This was the first indication that energy is sometimes quantized on a small scale and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The magnitude of the overall electron spin can only have one value, and an electron can only “spin” in one of two quantized states. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Under these circumstances, it should be surprising that the authors saw signs of quantized Hall heat transport — the heat conduction in the direction perpendicular to that of the thermal gradient — by Majorana fermions. The heat is on for Majorana fermions 2018-07-10T04:00:00Z But some physicists see advantages to replacing the microwave resonator with a mechanical one that rings with quantized vibrations, or phonons. Weird vibrations poised to control quantum computers 2018-03-14T04:00:00Z A similar cooling mechanism is at play in the crystal, where quantized vibrations in the lattice called phonons carry heat away from the oscillating spins. The new thermodynamics: how quantum physics is bending the rules 2017-10-31T04:00:00Z Figure 29.4 The German physicist Max Planck had a major influence on the early development of quantum mechanics, being the first to recognize that energy is sometimes quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom explains the connection between the quantization of photons and the quantized emission from atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Physics, since it was quantized, is even more random than biology. The Great Hunger and the Randomness of the World 2017-09-02T04:00:00Z Either quantum theory prevails and gravity too is ‘quantized’; or general relativity prevails and quantum theory applies only at certain scales. Witness gravity’s quantum side in the lab 2017-07-10T04:00:00Z Atomic properties depend on the laws of quantum mechanics that permit only fixed, or quantized, energy levels. Hans Dehmelt, physicist who won Nobel Prize for trapping single electrons, dies at 94 2017-04-10T04:00:00Z It was a major puzzle that atomic spectra are quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Although Planck was pleased he had resolved the blackbody radiation paradox, he was disturbed that to do so, he needed to assume the vibrating atoms required quantized energies, which he was unable to explain. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Like all fundamental particles, the Higgs has a fixed and quantized amount of angular momentum or spin. Years after shutting down, U.S. atom smasher reveals properties of 'God particle' 2015-04-07T04:00:00Z In effect, we would be seeing the motion of gravitons—quantized gravity. A Bold Critic of the Big Bang’s "Smoking Gun" 2014-07-24T04:00:00Z While some theorists have questioned whether quantum theory can ever be applied to gravity, Dr. Wilczek said last week that the new discovery “means gravity is quantized.” Out There: Ripples From the Big Bang 2014-03-24T21:55:26Z Photons can be absorbed or emitted only by atoms and molecules that have precisely the correct quantized energy step to do so. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Another property is that it can be quantized. And Let There Be "Molecules" of Light 2013-10-14T20:45:24.920Z To fold gravity into quantum mechanics, they argue, gravity, like electromagnetism and the nuclear forces, needs to be quantized, to be reduced to the exchange of special particles. Physicists Seek A Divorce: Prying Gravity ... From Inertia 2013-01-25T16:35:58Z When referring to quantized, this means to limit the properties of the whole which is given a specialized set of numbers that are described by quantum mechanical rules. Quantum Computing Simplified 2012-09-25T15:15:03.423Z “Now we know that gravity is indeed quantized, involving graviton particles,” he added. Out There: Ripples From the Big Bang 2014-03-24T21:55:26Z Another indication of energy levels being quantized in atoms and molecules comes from the lines in atomic spectra, which are the EM emissions of individual atoms and molecules. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z When light is quantized, it is called a photon. And Let There Be "Molecules" of Light 2013-10-14T20:45:24.920Z The Bohr model teaches us two important things about the atom: it provides a picture of a nucleus surrounded by ‘orbiting’ electrons, and it introduces the idea of quantized energy levels. Don't Be Dissin' the Bohr Model! 2012-02-10T13:15:00.243Z We often speak of the fabric of space, as if it were continuous, but is it instead a kind of patchwork of jittering, foamy quantized bits? A Sea of Spacetime Foam? 2012-01-17T16:15:00.460Z There is not yet a consistent quantized description of E8 Theory. Garrett Lisi responds to criticism of his proposed unified theory of physics 2011-05-04T13:15:11.570Z Give an example of a physical entity that is not quantized, in that it is continuous and may have a continuous range of values. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z We can understand flows often enough, but we usually look for quantized bits within the flow itself to match it to patterns that we have seen before. Working In The Flow Challenges Our Collaborative and Leadership Skills 2011-03-11T16:08:00Z Once this model is understood, a student is ready to investigate the next question: *why* are energy levels quantized? Don't Be Dissin' the Bohr Model! 2012-02-10T13:15:00.243Z When such superconductors are exposed to a magnetic field, they either expel it entirely or form a lattice of vortices, each encompassing a precisely quantized magnetic flux. This Week in Science 2011-01-13T19:25:00.650Z The direction of L is quantized in the sense that it can have only certain angles relative to the z -axis. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The discrete lines imply quantized energy states for the atoms that produce them. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Intrinsic angular momentum is quantized independently of orbital angular momentum. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Additionally, the direction of the spin is also quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Atoms, molecules, and fundamental electron and proton charges are all examples of physical entities that are quantized—that is, they appear only in certain discrete values and do not have every conceivable value. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Even if macroscopic energies are quantized, the quantum steps are too small to be noticed. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z If the orbits are quantized, the amount of energy absorbed or emitted is also quantized, producing discrete spectra. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The discrete nature of these emissions implies that the energy states of the atoms and molecules are quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In his explanation of the photoelectric effect, Einstein defined a quantized unit or quantum of EM energy, which we now call a photon, with an energy proportional to the frequency of EM radiation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Einstein’s idea that EM radiation is quantized was crucial to the beginnings of quantum mechanics. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z They are akin to lines in atomic spectra, implying the energy levels of atoms are quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z What is remarkable is that the energies are quantized—the magnetic field splits the spectral lines into several discrete lines that have different energies. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z If Planck’s constant were large, say 1034 times greater than it is, we would observe macroscopic entities to be quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The charge is found to be quantized in units of −1.6×10−19 C , thus determining directly the charge of the excess and missing electrons on the oil drops. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Following Einstein’s proposal of photons with quantized energies directly proportional to their wavelengths, it became even more evident that electrons in atoms can exist only in discrete orbits. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z His first proposal is that only certain orbits are allowed: we say that the orbits of electrons in atoms are quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The new insight is that the direction of the orbital angular momentum is also quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The energies of the photons are quantized, and their energy is explained as being equal to the change in energy of the electron when it moves from one orbit to another. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z What is not expected is that atomic orbits should be quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Figure 30.17 The planetary model of the atom, as modified by Bohr, has the orbits of the electrons quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The energy carried away from an atom by a photon comes from the electron dropping from one allowed orbit to another and is thus quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The values of quantized entities are expressed in terms of quantum numbers, and the rules governing them are of the utmost importance in determining what nature is and does. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Assuming circular orbits, Bohr proposed that the angular momentum L of an electron in its orbit is quantized, that is, it has only specific, discrete values. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Electron orbital energies are quantized in all atoms and molecules. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Thus only certain orbits are allowed—the orbits are quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The splitting means that the quantized energy of an orbit is affected by an external magnetic field, causing the orbit to have several discrete energies instead of one. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The energy states of bound systems are quantized, because the particle wavelength can fit into the bounds of the system in only certain ways. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z We already know that the magnitude of angular momentum is quantized for electron orbits in atoms. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Space is quantized for spin as well as for orbital angular momentum. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z These two new insights—that the direction of angular momentum, whether orbital or spin, is quantized, and that electrons have intrinsic spin—help to explain many of the complexities of atomic and molecular spectra. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z As recognized in the Zeeman effect, the direction of angular momentum is quantized. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The fact that the magnitude of angular momentum is quantized was first recognized by Bohr in relation to the hydrogen atom; it is now known to be true in general. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The direction of intrinsic spin is quantized, just as is the direction of orbital angular momentum. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z |
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