| 单词 | protoplasm |
| 例句 | She probably thinks I'm turning myself into a gob of protoplasm or something. Things Not Seen 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z The human race, one prominent advocate declared in 1909, was poised “to dry up the springs that feed the torrent of defective and degenerate protoplasm.” The Forgotten Lessons of the American Eugenics Movement 2016-04-27T04:00:00Z Ashley reprints, for example, “The Story of Yand Manor House,” in which Low encounters a mass of invisible protoplasm that smothers its victims. Review | Long before ‘Ghostbusters,’ fiction’s detectives were exploring the otherworldly 2020-12-08T05:00:00Z James Truman has occasionally been characterized as a kind of protoplasm of metrosexuality, a dandyish straight man at home with women and gay men — a perfect fit, essentially, for Condé Nast. James Truman, A Crown Prince in a New Kingdom 2013-08-16T21:00:35Z In the mid-1800s others, such as Darwin's supporter Thomas Henry Huxley, began to suspect that there was a generic form of “living matter”—often called protoplasm—from which the most primitive life-forms were fashioned. Synthetic Morphology Lets Scientists Create New Life-Forms 2023-05-31T04:00:00Z Intensities this great can damage individual cells, variously causing their protoplasm to stream inside them, altering their permeability, or rupturing their walls through cavitation. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z “We just got a good lesson in how to be effective without moving protoplasm around,” he said. ‘This Could Have Been a Zoom Meeting’: Companies Rethink Travel 2021-07-31T04:00:00Z “The differences in life expectancy are structural racism revealed — just the baseline differences — because there’s no difference in our protoplasm,” she said. Driven by covid deaths, U.S. life expectancy dropped by 1.5 years in 2020 2021-07-21T04:00:00Z Professor Huxley has not proved, and it is impossible for him to prove, that these protoplasms may not have essential points of difference. 50, 100 & 150 Years Ago: August 2020 2020-08-09T04:00:00Z Even assuming the perspective of human egotism, think how many issues of profound importance to humanity lie within the protoplasm of the simplest microbe! The Most Important Scientific Problems Have Yet to Be Solved 2020-01-06T05:00:00Z “The thought was mesmerizing that that brain represented the most complex mass of protoplasm on this earth and, perhaps, in our galaxy.” Marian C. Diamond, 90, Student of the Brain, Is Dead 2017-08-16T04:00:00Z The reason we aren’t uniform sacs of protoplasm is that our cells turn those same genes on and off in distinctive patterns, thereby developing into different tissues. Searching for Cancer Maps in Free-Floating DNA 2016-01-14T05:00:00Z But the story of how living protoplasm emerged from lifeless matter may also help explain something darker: the origin of cancer. Cellular Cheaters Give Rise to Cancer 2015-07-27T04:00:00Z Some of the software entities in the computer hardware declare that they don't even want to be downloaded into disgusting squishy protoplasm and are more than content to wait until metal bodies become available. An excerpt from Dying For Dummies (2020) : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-05-26T04:00:00Z “The Burn just lay there, uncomplaining, a pathetic slab of helpless protoplasm.” Book review: ‘Blue-Eyed Boy: A Memoir,’ by Robert Timberg If they were all of one type, we would be featureless heaps of protoplasm. The Surprising Origins of Evolutionary Complexity 2013-07-16T14:15:00.577Z The woman existed only as text messages and Twitter posts; all electrons, no protoplasm. About New York: CouchCachet App Gives New Meaning to Lying on the Couch 2013-01-23T03:02:54Z In higher animals, therefore, the tropisms where operative must act more or less through the agency of the nervous system instead of directly through the general protoplasm of the organism. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z Heterophrys marina, H. and L. a, nucleus; b, clearer protoplasm surrounding the nucleus; c, the peculiar felted envelope. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z The former of these consists, at one stage of its existence, of a small globular mass of protoplasm, from the whole periphery of which a multitude of fine pseudopodia radiate. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z It is apparently a fundamental property of protoplasm to be able to multiply by division into parts, the properties of which are similar to each other and to those of the parent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z The two nuclei are successively divided from the egg nucleus in the usual way, but they frequently become absorbed in the peripheral protoplasm instead of being extruded from the egg-cell altogether. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 4 "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" 2012-04-04T02:00:56.447Z The responses of these organisms depend on the general irritability of their constituent protoplasm. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z You may call it “protoplasm,” “molecular force,” the “potentiality of matter,” or even matter itself; and when you tell us what these words mean we will tell you what we mean by “God.” The Eliminator; or, Skeleton Keys to Sacerdotal Secrets 2012-03-27T02:00:23.077Z Each of these bodies is enclosed in a silicious case with an aperture at one end, whence its contained protoplasm issues, and, having so issued, assumes a spherical shape. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z Like ordinary protoplasm, of which the bulk of cell bodies is composed, germ-plasm is a living material, capable of growing in bulk without alteration of structure when it is supplied with appropriate food. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z Applied to those ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food yelk embedded in their protoplasm. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z But it should be borne in mind that nerve protoplasm possesses only in high degree a capacity for irritability, conduction, etc., that is common to all living substance. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z He supposed that it was free living protoplasm, covering a large part of the ocean bed. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z The apparently simplest protoplasm is probably of really very complex, most minute structure. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z For the present purpose it is enough to state that they consist of portions of the parental protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z One of a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of protoplasm; Ð opposed to katastate. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The view here taken places the primary roots of instinct in the constitutional activities of protoplasm and regards instinct in every stage of its evolution as action depending essentially upon organization. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z A name suggested by Dr. Beale for the germinal matter supposed to be essential to the functions of all living beings; the material through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered protoplasm. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z Protoplasm cannot be built without it, and protoplasm makes up the most of the living cell. Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies 2012-03-17T02:01:02.630Z Finally, in addition to the nucleus and the protoplasm, another organism of the cell, the centrosome, is part of the hereditary mass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 3 "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" 2012-04-14T02:00:23.707Z The first appearance of protoplasm introduces no strictly new thing, but only a new form of matter with life-motion; and the formation of germs is only a further step of the process. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z The instability of protoplasm is one of its striking characteristics. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z The former may be little else than nuclei enveloped in an easily destructible protoplasm, or they may be composed of multi-nucleated masses of protoplasm, and are then known as giant-cells. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z To substantiate this view, it may be recalled that the fundamental chemical individual in living thing is a very complex, unstable substance known as protoplasm. Joseph Smith as Scientist A Contribution to Mormon Philosophy 2012-03-12T03:00:27.817Z It is the monotonous undifferentiated inwardness—a faint self-awareness and self-realisation of the material world, but at first a mere vague psychical protoplasm and without defined nucleus, without perceptible organisation or separation of structures. Hegel's Philosophy of Mind 2012-03-07T03:00:14.327Z To the chemical synthesis, from which protoplasm results, is added, through mechanical integration, morphological synthesis, to whose special form inherited characteristics are related as elements. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z But what is of much greater importance is the fact that acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication deteriorates the germinal protoplasm of the procreators.... Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z In the process of transformation the increased protoplasm of the epithelia first exhibits shining homogeneous lumps, which, after an intermediate stage of vacuolation, undergo an endogenous metamorphosis into nucleated bodies with a reticulum in each. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Nothing whatever can pass into the cell-sap, or out from it, without traversing both the lining of living protoplasm and the cell-wall. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Money is the great instrument of association, the very fiber of social organism, the vitalizing force of industry, the protoplasm of civilization, and as essential to its existence as oxygen is to animal life. Money: Speech of Hon. John P. Jones, of Nevada, On the Free Coinage of Silver; in the United States Senate, May 12 and 13, 1890 2012-02-29T03:00:21.727Z The cell constitutes the first integration of protoplasm. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z Just as when oxygen and hydrogen combine to form water, new data for science emerge; so, when protoplasm was evolved, new data emerged which it is the business of science to study. Herbert Spencer 2012-02-29T03:00:20.773Z There is within each a relative increase of protoplasm, as a consequence of which they undergo a species of liquefaction. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z More recent researches, and especially those of Pfeffer, have shown that these diosmotic properties of the living protoplasm are of the utmost importance in the whole matter of absorption of substances from the soil. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z All is done by steps, nothing by strides, leaps, or bounds; all from protoplasm up to Shakespeare, and, again, all from primal night and chaos up to protoplasm. The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 6 (of 12) Dresden Edition?Discussions 2012-02-11T03:04:02.353Z The pigment spot from which the eye arises is not the eye, simple protoplasm is not the organized human being; whence does the physical organization arise? A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z Thus protoplasm itself has a complicated structure; the nucleus of the cell is a little world in itself; and the cell-firm has other partners, such as the centrosome. Herbert Spencer 2012-02-29T03:00:20.773Z When the protoplasm of the cell is interfered with by the later tissue-changes of the disease, the bacillus perishes. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z It must be concluded that the formation of the Vaucheria gall is induced by the mechanical irritation which the Rotifer causes in the protoplasm. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z In another place in your Remarks, when my statement about Shakespeare was not in your mind, you say: "All is done by steps—nothing by strides, leaps or bounds—all from protoplasm up to Shakespeare." The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, Vol. 6 (of 12) Dresden Edition?Discussions 2012-02-11T03:04:02.353Z Altruism is not, because a later development, "artificial," as Barratt calls it, any more than man is artificial in comparison with the ape, or the ape is artificial in comparison with original protoplasm. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z The attempts to cross a continent, or to scale a mountain, to make a flying machine, or to discover the nature of protoplasm, may be relative failures, but even the attempts may spell progress. Herbert Spencer 2012-02-29T03:00:20.773Z Were a constant renewal of protoplasm to take place, the degenerated fat might be displaced into the circulation or retained within the cell. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Protoplasm—Hypothesis as to its structure and behaviour—Assimilation—Growth—Respiration—Metabolism—Action of the environment—Nuclear protoplasm—Pollination—Grafting—Parasitism—Graft-hybrids—Life—Death—Variation—Disease. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Noctiluca miliaris, acted upon by iodine solution, showing the protoplasm shrunk away from the structureless pellicle. a = entrance to atrium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z A first appearance of protoplasm upon the earth we must infer from the facts furnished us by Geology and Astronomy; but a creation of either matter or motion is a mere assumption. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z Botanists have discovered the cells, and in the cells protoplasms and in protoplasms something else, and in this something else again. What Shall We Do? 2012-01-29T03:00:11.167Z In poisoning from phosphorus and arsenic the appearances in most of the organs indicate an actual destruction of protoplasm. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z On the other hand, the most delicate chemical manipulation fails us, because when killed it is no longer protoplasm. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z But whereas specialization of the protoplasm for movement resulted in a very obvious morphological complexity, specialization for secretion results in molecular complexity, and only rarely and indirectly results in morphological differentiation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z It will be some time before we see 'slime, protoplasm, &c.' generating a new animal. Charles Darwin: His Life in an Autobiographical Chapter, and in a Selected Series of His Published Letters 2012-01-22T03:00:19.733Z About the same time was discovered the unity of all organic life, in its descent from protoplasm, and the identity of its forces with those of the inorganic universe. The Unpopular Review, Number 19 July-December 1918 2012-01-09T03:00:24.167Z Although there may be several drops present, they tend to run together, as is suggested by their different size, varying proximity, and the constant presence of a considerable quantity of protoplasm. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The two processes are always going on during the active life of the protoplasm: in fact life consists in the play of these processes, as already said. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Among these may be mentioned Cohn’s observation that in the reproduction of Algal forms the protoplasm contracts away from the cell-wall and escapes as a naked “swarm spore.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z I hold that in the protoplasm or primary basis of all organic life there must have been an inherent adaptability to the manifestation of all faculties which organic life has in fact manifested. Human Personality and its Survival of Bodily Death 2012-01-05T03:00:42.307Z He was not one of the little pieces of protoplasm running along with the herd. Hooded Detective, Volume III No. 2, January, 1942 2012-01-04T03:00:28.750Z Even if this more serious issue exists, the possibilities are still at hand for an absorption of the degenerated material and a restitution of the destroyed protoplasm. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Others are the carbohydrates, such as cellulose, which pass out of the molecule into an insoluble form, and are accumulated outside the protoplasm in the form of cellulose membranes, and so forth. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z General Morphology of the Cell.—In its simplest form the cell is a more or less spherical mass of viscid, translucent and granular protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z All human powers, to put the thing broadly, have somehow or other to be got into protoplasm and then got out again. Human Personality and its Survival of Bodily Death 2012-01-05T03:00:42.307Z Some of them are apparently nothing more than animated protoplasm. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z Similar appearances may be present in the protoplasm of muscular tissue, the cells of the liver, kidneys, and gastric glands, when poisonous doses of phosphorus or arsenic are given. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z It appears probable that calcium is not always needed by living cells, and may not enter into the composition of protoplasm; on the other hand traces of iron are perhaps necessary. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z In the ability of Amoeba to contract into a spherical mass, and in the presence in its protoplasm of the contractile vacuole, we see another type of spontaneous movement—contractility—of the protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The specialised forms of terrene perception were not real novelties in the universe, but imperfect adaptations of protoplasm to the manifestation of the indwelling general perceptive power. Human Personality and its Survival of Bodily Death 2012-01-05T03:00:42.307Z They stretch out protrusions, known as pseudopia, into which the protoplasm flows. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis 2011-12-06T03:00:21.763Z A granular appearance may be regarded as an essential characteristic of protoplasm, and is an attribute of cells of epithelial origin as well as of those which belong to other groups of tissues. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Irritation and hypertrophy of cells, however, may be induced by parasites which never bring their protoplasm into direct contact with that of the host. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The very elaborate regional differentiation of the protoplasm often seen in the Protozoa sufficiently indicate that multicellular structure is no essential condition for complex regional differentiation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z That replenishment we cannot understand: we may figure it to ourselves as a protoplasmic process;—as some relation between protoplasm, ether, and whatever is beyond ether, on which it is at present useless to speculate. Human Personality and its Survival of Bodily Death 2012-01-05T03:00:42.307Z This is usually largely brought about by the swelling of the residual protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z The more abundant the fat the less the protoplasm. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Botrytis hyphæ, living in the cell-walls of plants, but not entering the cells, excretes a poison which kills the protoplasm, and the fungus then feeds on the debris. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z In the lower organisms it is a contraction of the cell protoplasm, a movement. Morals and the Evolution of Man 2011-11-14T03:00:18.930Z Life is a thing of phases manifold, By shades diminishing from high to low, Man, protoplasm, beast, all we are told, To perish in an equal overthrow. The Call of the Mountains and other Poems 2011-10-28T02:00:27.360Z The protoplasm assumes a definite outline, generally that of an ovoid or barrel, and secretes a delicate membrane, the ectospore. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 5 "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" 2011-12-05T03:00:51.527Z In the heart, liver, kidneys, and gastric glands, as well as elsewhere, with the exception, perhaps, of the mammary gland, the presence of many small fat-drops in the cells indicates a degeneration of its protoplasm. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The protoplasm of the living plant-cell looks like a slimy translucent mass which has been superficially compared in appearance to well-boiled sago or clear gum. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Since the dawn of geological time the earth's temperature has apparently always included the range from about the freezing point of water up to about the point where protoplasm begins to disintegrate. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z These mechanisms he ascribes, in the case of entomophylous flowers, to the "thrusts," "strains," and other "irritations" supplied to the flowers by their insect visitors, and consequent "reactions" of the vegetable "protoplasm." Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z The margins of the cambium are crowded with cells whose walls are thickened and whose protoplasm is no longer active. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z The spores appear at intervals in the protoplasm of the filament as clear, brightly refrangent bodies, at first spheroidal, afterward larger and oblong. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z A step further, and we come to instances of Symbiosis, where the commingled masses of protoplasm of host and invader continue this harmonious action during life. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The microscope shows small areas scattered throughout where the glomeruli are hyalinized, the stroma full of small round cells, the tubules dilated, and the cells are almost bare of protoplasm. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z Others develop into gigantic, pulsating networks of protoplasm. Slime Molds: Ancient, Alien and Sophisticated 2011-10-03T20:59:02Z The cells of the cambium are plump little masses of protoplasm, semi-fluid in consistency in the growing season. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z The miraculous advances which the chemical synthesis has accomplished in these latter days seem to justify the boldest hopes, but we are still far from the creation of living protoplasm. A Crooked Mile 2011-10-03T02:00:26.870Z Death, on the contrary, is the cessation of these rhythmical processes of building up and breaking down of the protoplasm molecules. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z You take the reader from protoplasm to paradise,—you lead him through labyrinths, mazes and mysteries, and leave him just where you started. Edgar Saltus: The Man 2011-09-13T02:00:36.953Z It will be sufficient for our purpose here if the reader remembers that it is a universal tendency in all living protoplasm to exhibit variations. Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z The protoplasm stiffens in excessive cold, but when the thermometer rises, life stirs again. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z By way of illustration, I shall refer to the history of discussions concerning so-called "spontaneous generation," mixed up with ascertained facts as to protoplasm, bathybius, or "living slime," as it has been called, and bacterium. The Relations of Science and Religion The Morse Lecture, 1880 2011-09-11T02:00:11.613Z The following classes of processes in living protoplasm and cells may be taken as indicators. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The soil whence the protoplasm of our grandfathers was formed, has a large significance in reference to ourselves. Insanity Its Causes and Prevention 2011-08-29T02:01:05.400Z He does so because the germ-cell from which he sprang is composed of protoplasm handed down in direct continuity by successive generations of germ-cells from time immemorial. Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z The water of the protoplasm is withdrawn by osmosis into the spaces between the cells. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z These branching processes apparently consist exclusively of cell protoplasm, and have been called protoplasm processes. The Relations of Science and Religion The Morse Lecture, 1880 2011-09-11T02:00:11.613Z The explanation is that they are combined with some of the materials of the carbohydrates, and again built up into the material of the living protoplasm. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z From this germinal protoplasm, which makes the germ-cells, he distinguishes the somatic protoplasm which makes the mortal, somatic cells. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z These organisms and germ-cells are composed of protoplasm whose ultimate constitution permits of their varying spontaneously. Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z Cell-Contents.—The cells of fungi, in addition to protoplasm, nuclei and sap-vacuoles, like other vegetable cells, contain formed and amorphous bodies of various kinds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z A first great cause, an atom rushing blindly about the darkness for another atom, a protoplasm, a long series of evolutions—how complacent he had been about it all! In Wild Rose Time 2011-08-01T02:00:13.473Z Nor is it pertinent to remark on the apparent hopelessness of physiology being at present able to explain the seemingly infinite complexity of the living machinery of protoplasm and its activities. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The cell, which consists of protoplasm and a nucleus, is an elementary organism, that, by itself, or in combination with other cells, forms the basis of all animal and vegetable organisation. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z Not only the nucleus but another small object within the cell which is neither part of the nucleus nor part of the cell protoplasm, also is very important, and this structure is termed the “centrosome.” Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z At the time of sporangial formation the protoplasm with numerous nuclei streams into the swollen end of the sporangiophore and there becomes cut off by a cell-wall to form the sporangium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z To this substance of energy and life, common in the minute plant cell and the animal cell, the German botanist, Hugo von Mohl, about fifty years ago gave the name "protoplasm." Inventions in the Century 2011-07-20T02:00:14.643Z Closely lining the proper cell-wall on the inside, is an extremely thin layer of living protoplasm, and somewhere in this protoplasm is a distinct cell-nucleus. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Thus, growing protoplasm can assume only such shapes as allow it to remain in constant touch with the outer world. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z All living creatures are made of cells, the physical basis of which is protoplasm. Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z The protoplasm then becomes cut up by a series of clefts into a number of smaller and smaller pieces which are unicellular in Pilobolus, multicellular in Sporodinia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Science has attained the highest goal, she has discovered the protoplasm whence all organism proceeded. On the Cross A Romance of the Passion Play at Oberammergau 2011-07-17T02:00:33.887Z The fact that the root-hair contains living protoplasm, enables us to understand to a certain extent the results of the following experiments. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Plant cells elaborate protoplasm from the carbonic acid of the air, water, and easily diffusible solutions of salts, obtained from the sea or from the soil. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z The simplest creatures consist of one such mass of protoplasm; higher organisms consist of more than one, and often of millions, in which case they adhere together. Embryology The Beginnings of Life 2011-09-12T02:00:28.483Z That such enzymes are formed in the protoplasm is evident from the behaviour of hyphae, which have been observed to pierce cell-membranes, the chitinous coats of insects, artificial collodion films and layers of wax, &c. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z If Jacob Van Heeren possessed any conscience at all it was the merest protoplasm of one. A Book of Ghosts 2011-07-08T02:00:19.203Z A similar case exists when the chlorophyll-corpuscles retain their colour in living cells known to be charged with acids: so long as the protoplasm is alive and normally active the green bodies are protected. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z Pseudopodia, extensions of protoplasm beyond the general contour of the cell, 41. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z The protoplasm of which some of the cells are formed is granular, while that of others is clear and translucent. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The single nucleus divides by three successive divisions to form eight nuclei lying free in the protoplasm of the ascus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z "No; that is inorganic rissole, a sort of protoplasm out of which rissoles are developed." A Book of Ghosts 2011-07-08T02:00:19.203Z The other is that of contraction, during which the cell body has more protoplasm in it, and the processes become shorter and thicker, and some of the secondary branches disappear entirely. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z A unicellular animal takes organic particles bodily into its protoplasm, and forming around them temporary cavities known as food vacuoles, treats them chemically. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z Bubble-cells Spherical cells of the parenchyma the contents of which consist of a drop of liquid covered by a thin film of protoplasm. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Then by a special method, described first by Harper, a mass of protoplasm is cut out round each nucleus; thus eight uninucleate ascospores are formed by free-cell formation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z He received his first hint of this new theory of life through the fact that electricity is able to affect protoplasm in a more universal and effective way than any other form of stimulus. The Universe a Vast Electric Organism 2011-06-09T02:00:22.450Z We do not know any process by which the ingredients of protoplasm can be combined so as to produce that substance without a previous living being. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Myxomycetes, sometimes called 'slime fungi,' a group of low organisms, consisting of creeping masses of protoplasm with many nuclei, 33. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z At first these cells are homogeneous, having clear protoplasm full of minute globules of liquid. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Matruchot has used them for staining the living protoplasm of other fungi by growing the two together. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z It is also a correct statement that "all forms of matter have as their basis one common element, denominated primordial matter, protoplasm and homogeneous substance, all intended to designate the first form of matter." The Universe a Vast Electric Organism 2011-06-09T02:00:22.450Z In science the chief triumphs have been won by tracing things to their beginnings; in physical structure to atoms and molecules, in animal life to nerve cells, protoplasm, or whatever is simplest and most primitive. The Age of Tennyson 2011-05-31T02:00:36.607Z The nucleus and the protoplasm increase in size, and then, first the nucleus and next the protoplasm divide, so that there are formed two cells, each with a nucleus. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z Or do you think there is mental energy enough in that mess of human protoplasm to muster up nerve enough to put out my light, as Scotty puts it? The Snow-Burner 2011-05-17T02:00:21.527Z With a rise in evolution protoplasm becomes differentiated. Degeneracy Its Causes, Signs and Results 2011-05-02T02:00:17.657Z Engleman seems to hold that such facts as these and those connected with molecular organisms, "point to the presence of some psychic powers in the protoplasm." The Universe a Vast Electric Organism 2011-06-09T02:00:22.450Z “Life is, therefore, quite inseparable from chemical reactions, and on the whole what we call life is nothing else but a complex of innumerable chemical reactions in the living substance which we call protoplasm.” Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z Anabolism, the formation of more complex chemical bodies by the agency of protoplasm, 86. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z From the peripheral protoplasm project, not only fine pseudopodia, but hollow spines of calcareous matter, which are set on the shell, and have an axis of active protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z Fatty Degeneration, an abnormal condition found in the tissues of the animal body, in which the healthy protoplasm is replaced by fatty granules. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 3: Estremoz to Felspar 2011-04-14T02:00:59.373Z In natural growth protoplasm gives the material conditions of life without which there could be no food supplies. The Universe a Vast Electric Organism 2011-06-09T02:00:22.450Z It is that special process of the circulation of matter which we call metabolism, and this circulation is always connected with a particular chemical substance—protoplasm. Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z Like ordinary protoplasm, of which the bulk of cell-bodies is composed, the germplasm is a living material, capable of growing in bulk without alteration of structure, when it has access to appropriate food. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z In all cases the protoplasm from the pylome may deposit additional matter on the outside of the shell, so as to produce very characteristic sculpturing of the surface. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z The plant is much used for physiological experiments, e.g. for showing the movements of protoplasm. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 2: Ebert to Estremadura 2011-04-14T02:00:56.200Z A recent scientific association sat in silence after a verbose and flippant discussion on protoplasm, when asked by a member what was the difference between living and dead protoplasm? Studies in the Out-Lying Fields of Psychic Science 2011-04-14T02:00:40.453Z For protoplasm—using the term in the most general sense—is a chemical substance, not a mere mixture of a number of chemical elements, nor a mere mechanical structure. Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z Both the protoplasm and the germplasm, by the assimilation of food, gradually increase in bulk until the adult size of the organism is reached. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z In Astrorhiza the sand grains are loosely agglutinated, without mineral cement; they leave numerous pores for the exit of the protoplasm, and there are no true pylomes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z Within the pollen-grain is the granular protoplasm with some oily particles, and occasionally starch. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 5 "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" 2011-04-03T02:00:20.883Z No mixing of the contents of these bottles and jars can evolve life, or even the smallest speck of protoplasm. Studies in the Out-Lying Fields of Psychic Science 2011-04-14T02:00:40.453Z Active living protoplasm cannot be strictly described as either fluid or solid in the physical sense. Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z Unlike Nussbaum, then, he asserts a continuity, not for the sexual cells, but for the germinal protoplasm which he believes to pass along definite cell-tracks until it forms the sexual cells. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z This group of very simple forms includes many of Haeckel’s Monera, defined as “cytodes,” masses of protoplasm without a nucleus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z A single zooid of the same. a = nucleus. b = contractile vacuole. c = the characteristic “collar” of naked streaming protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z There is no indication of a guiding intelligence, and if he possess an immortal spirit, so does the mollusk and the fleck of protoplasm. Studies in the Out-Lying Fields of Psychic Science 2011-04-14T02:00:40.453Z Just as we find the latter substance in all stages between the solid and the fluid, so we find in the case of protoplasm. Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z In this category there naturally fall the multinucleated masses of protoplasm, sometimes highly organised, in which every nucleus, surrounded by a shell of protoplasm, is capable of reproducing the whole. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z The protoplasm is retracted at both ends into the tubular case. a. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z Division of the protoplasm within the envelope may produce four, eight or more new individuals. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z Advancement with them means only better adaptation in the struggle for existence, the result of accidental fitness which has pushed unorganized protoplasm to man. Studies in the Out-Lying Fields of Psychic Science 2011-04-14T02:00:40.453Z And the “streaming” of protoplasm, its continual movement in the cell, can only be carried on in water. Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z To satisfy its essential conditions, protoplasm can grow only with a proportionate extension of its external surfaces. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z Each nucleus aggregates around it a proper zone of dense protoplasm; by two successive mitotic divisions each mass becomes quadri-nucleate, and splits up into four biflagellate, uninucleate zoospores. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z The parasite develops within the living cells of the plant, forming a glairy mass of protoplasm known as the plasmodium, the form of which alters from time to time. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z The more persistent declare life to be a resultant of protoplasm; a fragment of protoplasm is the lowest form of a living being. Studies in the Out-Lying Fields of Psychic Science 2011-04-14T02:00:40.453Z All the five organo-genetic elements are therefore abundantly diffused through space; the materials for protoplasm, “the albuminous substance with water,” are at hand everywhere. Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z Katabolism, the formation of less complex chemical bodies by the agency of protoplasm, 86. The Biological Problem of To-day Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development 2011-08-29T02:01:04.170Z The cytoplasm contains granules of various kinds, and the internal protoplasm is sometimes pigmented. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z According to Buchner the fermentative activity of yeast-cell juice is not due to the presence of living yeast cells, or to the action of living yeast protoplasm, but it is caused by a soluble enzyme. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z For if the intelligent dog or elephant have existence in the future, so may the fish, the mollusk, the monad, and even the speck of protoplasm, which loses itself in unorganic matter. Studies in the Out-Lying Fields of Psychic Science 2011-04-14T02:00:40.453Z But we cannot imagine that we shall discover any new elements that are more abundant and more universally diffused than the five which give us protoplasm—“the physical basis of life.” Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z Fibrous cells are like the wood fibers except that they retain their protoplasm. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z He found himself in the presence of phenomena that seemed to-254- him to lie near the still undiscovered threshold to the secret processes of living protoplasm. Marriage 2011-02-22T03:00:06.867Z Although the action of zymase may be regarded as mechanical, the enzyme cannot be produced by any other than living protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z He felt dimly that there was something in the air—dimly, as protoplasm may feel its existence. A Practical Novelist 2011-02-19T03:01:38.957Z And, if we could find this new vehicle, liquid at temperatures outside the 0° to 100° Centigrade, have we any reason to suppose that protoplasm itself would be able to endure these outlying temperatures? Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z This slimy substance, called protoplasm, constitutes the primal stuff of all living things. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z The protoplasm of the cell is usually large in amount and often contains large numbers of granules. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The protoplasm is also injured and the proteids are broken down, and thus an increased excretion of nitrogen is produced and the cells undergo degenerative changes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z The protoplasm is limited by a delicate cuticle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z It deals with the life-processes of plants, the molecular structure of protoplasm, organic synthesis in the cell, the nature of ferments, and the subject of inheritance. Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z These young cells, at the apex of a stem, are all alike, very small, filled with protoplasm, and as yet, unaltered. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z They are cubical or conical cells with distinct oval nuclei and granular protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z The toxic action is manifested not only by the increased disintegration of protoplasm, but also by disturbances in the functions of the various organs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z Later, the protoplasm becomes segregated around each of the nuclei, giving the parasite a mulberry-like aspect; hence this stage is frequently known as a morula. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z You may also be able to see vacuoles, looking like holes in the stained protoplasm. A Guide for the Study of Animals 2011-01-18T03:00:14.913Z One change to which an cell filled with protoplasm is liable is division into two, a new partition wall forming within it. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z Within the protoplasm is accumulated a large number of spherical granules arranged in diverse manners in different cells. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Frequently the toxin acts very markedly on the protoplasm of the kidney epithelium, and causes a shedding of the cells and sometimes inflammatory reaction. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z Between the spores a certain amount of intercellular substance or residual protoplasm is left, in which the refringent granules seem to be embedded. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Cell-wall, the lifeless membrane surrounding many cells, secreted by the protoplasm. A Guide for the Study of Animals 2011-01-18T03:00:14.913Z The essentially living part of the tree, it should be remembered, is the protoplasm: where there is protoplasm, there is life and growth. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z Living matter, or protoplasm and the products of its metamorphosis, Classification of the phenomena of life. may be regarded under four aspects:— 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The true measure of the intensity of a fever is the extent of disintegration of protoplasm, and this may be estimated by the amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z One of these is epithelial in character, Mesenchyme. while the other has the form of a network of protoplasm, with nuclei at the nodes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Cy' to plasm, the portion of the protoplasm of a cell which is outside of the nucleus, less dense than the nucleus and usually taking a lighter stain. A Guide for the Study of Animals 2011-01-18T03:00:14.913Z It loses its protoplasm and starch and becomes heartwood, in which all cells are dead and serve only the mechanical function of holding up the great weight of the tree and in resisting wind pressures. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z To see the rest of Vancouver—the slightly gritty, avant-garde, diverse protoplasm that makes up the city—it's essential to visit the neighborhoods that rim the downtown. 2009-12-16T22:40:00Z The high temperature seems to cause disintegration of cell protoplasm and increased excretion of nitrogen and of carbonic acid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z In some eggs, e.g. the Alcyonaria, the first nuclear divisions are effected on the first plan, i.e. they take place without at first producing any visible effect upon the protoplasm of the egg. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z It must not be forgotten that all such substances owe their preservative or antiseptic power to the poisonous effect they have upon bacterial protoplasm. Food Poisoning The reason why there is much less water in heart-wood is because its cells are dead and inactive, and hence without sap and without protoplasm. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z According to Binz and Schultz its power is due to the fact that it is an oxygen-carrier, arsenious acid withdrawing oxygen from the protoplasm to form arsenic acid, which subsequently yields up its oxygen again. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The blood shows two important changes—first, a fall in the alkalinity due to the products of disintegration of protoplasm; and, secondly, an increase in the number of leucocytes, and chiefly in the polymorpho-nuclear variety. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z In this manner nucleated masses of protoplasm are continually being added to the periphery of the blastoderm and assisting in its growth. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In the seeds of the castor oil plant, especially in the protoplasm of the seed, the enzyme which has the property of causing hydrolysis of the glycerides is found. Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant. If we followed up the sheath of cambium which envelopes a stem, into a terminal bud, we should find that it passed without break into the protoplasm of the bud. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z It exists as a mass of protoplasm, and pushes its body out into finger-like processes or pseudopodia, and by means of these moves about or grasps particles of food. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli If practical teaching is the foundation, the protoplasm as it were, of scientific education, I am sure that original work is its soul or spirit. Rustic Sounds and Other Studies in Literature and Natural History Such a sphere is called a blastosphere, and may be regarded as a spherical mass of protoplasm, of which the central portion is so much vacuolated that it seems to consist entirely of fluid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Finally we have two cells in juxtaposition, each with its nucleus, its protoplasm, and its enveloping membrane. The Mechanism of Life They are made of protoplasm and are called the "procambium strands," Fig. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z The protoplasm of a mushroom, for instance, he declares to be essentially identical with that of him who eats it, into which it is most readily convertible. The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer It is this prisoner, the living protoplasm, that we may watch pacing round its prison walls. Rustic Sounds and Other Studies in Literature and Natural History It possesses in the Fertilization. adjacent protoplasm a well-marked centrosome. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The protoplasm of a living organism, being a colloid, acts exactly like an osmotic membrane so far as regards the distribution of solutions and substances in solution. The Mechanism of Life Finally the innermost cell ceases to divide, and uses its protoplasm to become thick and hard wood. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z Very well, then, if you don't care to come, I think I will go forward again and finish the discussion with Doctor Jennie Newman upon the metamorphoses of the primordial protoplasms. The Haunted Pajamas The living contents of young and active cells are mainly protoplasm with water or watery sap which this has imbibed. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools This consists essentially of the division of the nucleus into a number of nuclei, around which the protoplasm sooner or later Cleavage. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z So long as the osmotic tension of the soda solution is less than that of the protoplasm, there will be a tendency for water to penetrate the cell wall and swell the protoplasm. The Mechanism of Life Parenchyma constitutes the pith rays and other similar fibers, retains its protoplasm, and becomes filled with starch in autumn. Wood and Forest 2011-03-01T03:00:42.647Z Without going into it too deeply, it had to do with the electric energy of the chemical elements that compose protoplasm, and these always had been latent in the earth mass.” Unexplored! They make up from 88 to 99 per cent of the leaf or stem, and essentially the whole both of the cellulose of the walls and the protoplasm of the contents. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools But in the later stages of cleavage the protoplasm becomes arranged around each nucleus and related to it as to a centre. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z We have only to dilute the solution till it has no effect on the protoplasm of the vegetable cells. The Mechanism of Life If there is now spontaneous generation of protoplasm, it cannot take the form of any creature we know. The Arena Volume 18, No. 93, August, 1897 After the Formative Era came the Archeozoic Era, when life began in the form of amœbas or some simple form of protoplasm. Unexplored! The same, with nitrogen, are the constituents of protoplasm, or the truly vital part of vegetation. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools In the majority of eggs, however, the protoplasm, though not undergoing complete cleavage, becomes rearranged round each nucleus as these are formed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Here the molecules of the living protoplasm are in process of construction, simpler molecules being united and built up to form larger and more complex groups. The Mechanism of Life It's life designed to exist among liquid gases and frozen air—life which can't have anything in common with protoplasm. The Secret of the Ninth Planet The Polymorphonuclear Cell.—This possesses a nucleus of very complicated outline and a fair amount of protoplasm filled with numbers of fine granules which stain with eosin. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" But that which builds plant-fabric is not the cellular structure itself; the work is done by the living protoplasm which dwells within the walls. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The result is to give rise to a nucleated network or foam-work of protoplasm, ramifying through the yolk-particles and containing these in its meshes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In some cases the cell is merely a protoplasmic mass without a visible envelope, so that a cell may be defined as essentially a mass of protoplasm provided with a nucleus. The Mechanism of Life It's life of a chemical type utterly different from the protoplasm of Earth and Mars and Venus. The Secret of the Ninth Planet The granules are confined to the protoplasm of the cell, and it has been shown that they differ chemically, because their staining properties vary. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" This protoplasm, which is formed at the same time as the simpler cellulose, is essentially the same as the flesh of animals, and the source of it. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools These two organisms agree in being small uninucleated masses of protoplasm, but differ considerably in form. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z One sees only a gelatinous mass analogous to the protoplasm of a living organism. The Mechanism of Life They represented, in a way, imperceptible cores of social protoplasm lost amid a mass of foreign matter. Underground Man It has a large spherical nucleus with a small rim of clear protoplasm surrounding it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The protoplasm forms the living organism; the coat is a kind of protective covering or shell. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The food-yolk is deposited in the ovum as a result of the vital activity of its protoplasm, while the ovum is still a part of the ovary of the parent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In its complete state, a cell consists of a membrane or envelope containing a mass of protoplasm, in the centre of which is a nucleus of differentiated protoplasm. The Mechanism of Life In vital economy, the search-light of science has found the protoplasm which from our present state of knowledge seems to be the first point of contact between elemental matter and the vital force. The Speech of Monkeys The Basophile Cell.—This possesses a spherical nucleus and the protoplasm contains a small number of granules staining deeply with basic dyes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The protoplasm, like the flesh of animals which it gives rise to, is composed of four chemical elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The general protoplasm is divisible into ectoplasm and endoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In nature these two centres of positive concentration are introduced into the protoplasm of the cell by fecundation—that is, by the entrance of the centrosomes of the sperm cell. The Mechanism of Life But protoplasm is itself made up of a complex system of definite chemical compounds, which react and interact according to the laws of physical science. The Chemistry of Plant Life “Potassium, on the other hand, is much more abundant in the soft solid tissues, in the corpuscles of the blood and the protoplasm of the muscles and other organs.” Dietetics for Nurses When full grown the protoplasm may become a mere lining to the wall, or some of it central, as a nucleus, this usually connected with the wall-lining by delicate threads of the same substance. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools They appear to be naked, and consist of finely granular protoplasm, containing a single nucleus and one or two vacuoles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z When, however, we place the shrivelled flower in water, the contracted protoplasm swells up again and refills the cells, which become turgid, and the flower revives. The Mechanism of Life Hence, any study of the chemistry of plant growth is essentially a study of the chemical and physical changes which take place in the cell protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life The egg is large, and the development is much modified by the presence of an excessive amount of food-material diffused in the protoplasm of the egg-cell. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" When living and young the protoplasm extends into these and by minuter perforations connects across them. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools The celluloses proper are essentially non-nitrogenous, though originating in the cell protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" This phenomenon is due to the fact that vegetable protoplasm holds in solution substances like sugars and salts which have a high osmotic pressure. The Mechanism of Life Proteins are apparently the active chemical components of protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life The albuminous or protoplasmic material, which seems to be necessary to the existence of every living being, is known to us as a product only of the action of previously living protoplasm. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science But it is very doubtful if ordinary plants can use any nitrogen gas directly as food; that is, if they can directly cause it to combine with the other elements so as to form protoplasm. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools In the early or vegetative stage the "slime mould" is plasmoidal, consisting of a mass of protoplasm without cell wall, and prefers damp surfaces, such as rotting leaves, moist logs, etc. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous When the osmotic tension of the solution which bathes the cell is identical with that of the cellular juice, there is no change in the volume of the protoplasm. The Mechanism of Life It is made up of carbohydrate complexes, produced by the cell protoplasm from the simpler carbohydrates. The Chemistry of Plant Life There is a living protoplasmic layer or primordial utricle, connected either by two broad bands or by a number of anastomosing threads with a central mass of protoplasm in which the nucleus is embedded. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" Such movements are brought about through individually minute changes in the form or tension in the protoplasm of the innumerable cells which make up the structure of the organ. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools These cells are filled with a protoplasm, to which the plant owes its color. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Since the osmotic tension of this protoplasm is known, we can easily calculate the osmotic tension of the solution from the degree of dilution required. The Mechanism of Life The formaldehyde is then condensed by the protoplasm into sugars, while the hydrogen peroxide is decomposed, by an enzyme in the plant cell, into water and oxygen. The Chemistry of Plant Life The characteristic brown colour of diatoms is due to the presence of chromatophores embedded in the lining layer of protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" As the pollen matures this fluid usually dries up, but the protoplasm does not lose its vitality. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Well, I figured on getting a couple of the Navy's organic detectors and setting them for oyster protoplasm. To Choke an Ocean All there was to pit such armament against was a seemingly helpless lump of protoplasm, two inches in diameter. Stamped Caution This explanation affords a satisfactory solution of the difficulty which formerly confronted the students of photosynthesis, namely, the fact that free formaldehyde is powerfully toxic to cell protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life Whenever we discover life we also find it bound up with protoplasm, and when we find a piece of protoplasm not in solution there we find also life, without exception. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" Others, of a kind which is very common in fresh water, simple threads made of a line of cells, have the chlorophyll and protoplasm of each cell arranged in spiral lines or bands. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools In each vat a blob of pink protoplasm wiggled happily, showing no sign of discomfiture. Contamination Crew Man's thought became only a fluttering stir in a center of protoplasm. The Portal of Dreams There is little definite knowledge as to how the cell protoplasm accomplishes this important task. The Chemistry of Plant Life The lowest forms of life with which we are acquainted are nothing but simple pieces of protoplasm and yet they have all the appearance of living objects. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" Some can talk of protoplasm; and some cannot spell their own names. Some Conditions of Child Life in England It inactivates the enzyme system, and renders the base protoplasm vulnerable to anything that normally attacks it. Contamination Crew This semifluid lining is protoplasm, which thus constitutes a kind of bag, full of a limpid liquid, and roughly corresponding in form with the interior of the hair which it fills. The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century Literature Representative Prose and Verse Thus the protoplasm of the cell produces a number of different kinds of material which are deposited in the walls of the cell. The Chemistry of Plant Life Life is a mode of existence of protoplasm and consists essentially in the constant renewal of the chemical constituents of this substance. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" But how would I or this physicist explain this quivering mess of protoplasm I got on my hands by accident this particular Friday night? The Water Eater Whence the first living protoplasm? and How did the living arise from the inorganic? Naturalism And Religion Beast and fowl, reptile and fish, mollusk, worm, and polyp, are all composed of structural units of the same character, namely, masses of protoplasm with a nucleus. The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century Literature Representative Prose and Verse Recent investigations by Osterhout and others indicate, however, that Overton's hypothetical lipoid membrane is not essential to a proper explanation of the migration into and out of the cell protoplasm of nutritive materials, etc. The Chemistry of Plant Life In this, that the protoplasm takes from its surroundings other matter suitable to itself and assimilates it while other former portions of the body become decomposed and are thrown off. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" The protoplasm in the neighbourhood of each next grows out, as a projecting bud, carrying the nucleus with it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 5 "Clervaux" to "Cockade" Psychical processes play a certain part in the functions of protoplasm in the form of qualitative and quantitative sensitiveness. Naturalism And Religion Now, this mutton was once the living protoplasm, more or less modified, of another animal—a sheep. The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century Literature Representative Prose and Verse They constitute the active material of protoplasm, in which all of the chemical changes which go to make up the vital phenomena take place. The Chemistry of Plant Life On the contrary life, which is change of matter, is consequent upon nourishment and throwing off, is a self-fulfilling process inherent in its medium, protoplasm, without which it cannot exist. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" Yet within the space of a few days every woman in the country melted into quivering protoplasm at the very thought of this mystery man! The Double Spy The chemical explanation of the vital functions of protoplasm is also to be rejected; as a shattered watch is no longer a watch though it remains chemically the same, so it is with protoplasm. Naturalism And Religion Under these circumstances it may well be asked, how is one mass of non-nucleated protoplasm to be distinguished from another? The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century Literature Representative Prose and Verse In addition to the proteins which constitute the active protoplasm, plants also contain large amounts of reserve, or stored, proteins, especially in the seeds. The Chemistry of Plant Life Hence, it follows that if chemistry should ever discover how to make protoplasm artificially, this protoplasm must show some signs of life, even if very insignificant. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" In this era of conservation should not our profoundest concern be the conservation of human protoplasm? The Social Direction of Evolution An Outline of the Science of Eugenics The available chemical knowledge of the substances of which protoplasm is made up is insufficient to render the vital processes intelligible. Naturalism And Religion And out of these same forms of ordinary matter, and from none which are simpler, the vegetable world builds up all the protoplasm that keeps the animal world a-going. The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century Literature Representative Prose and Verse The condensation of amino-acids into proteins, or the reverse decomposition, is very readily accomplished in all living protoplasm, under the influence of special protein-attacking enzymes, which are almost universally present in the cytoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life As long however as so little is known of the chemical constituents of protoplasm the name is better than any other because more inclusive. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" Shall we not rather take the steps that scientific study dictates as necessary to dry up the springs that feed the torrent of defective and degenerate protoplasm? The Social Direction of Evolution An Outline of the Science of Eugenics Very impressive, too, are the manifold “mechanical” interpretations of intimate vital characteristics, such as the infinitely fine structure of protoplasm. Naturalism And Religion Enough has, perhaps, been said to prove the existence of a general uniformity in the character of the protoplasm, or physical basis of life, in whatever group of living beings it may be studied. The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century Literature Representative Prose and Verse This view also makes the remarkable catalytic effects which take place in living protoplasm, which undoubtedly exists in the colloidal condition, much more easily understood. The Chemistry of Plant Life But what causes the destruction of dead bodies is the essential of the existence of living protoplasm. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" Koumiss yeast possesses strongly differentiated protoplasm, but lacks any cultural characteristics. The Bacillus of Long Life a manual of the preparation and souring of milk for dietary purposes, together with and historical account of the use of fermente As proteid is the chief constituent of protoplasm, it is regarded as the specific physical basis of life, and life is looked upon as the sum of its functions. Naturalism And Religion You trace the growth of the emotion of love from protoplasm to man. The Kempton-Wace Letters This phase of the matter will be much more apparent after the chapter dealing with the physical chemistry of the protoplasm has been studied. The Chemistry of Plant Life From the very moment when the unbroken interchange in the constituents of protoplasm ceases, the continual interchange of receiving and throwing off, from that moment the protoplasmic substance itself ceases, becomes decomposed, that is, dies. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" Mapfarity plunged a hollow harpoon into the isle of floating protoplasm and through a tube connected to that poured into the Skin three gallons of the dream-snake venom. Rastignac the Devil There is no such thing as “protoplasm,” or “living proteid,” or indeed any unified, simple “living matter” whatever. Naturalism And Religion If love is essentially the same from protoplasm to man, it does not for this reason become worthless. The Kempton-Wace Letters The means by which the protoplasm elaborates these all-important chemical compounds are as yet absolutely unknown. The Chemistry of Plant Life All of these are connected with the higher organisms only by virtue of the fact that protoplasm is its substantial foundation, and that they fulfill the functions of protoplasm, that is they live and die. Landmarks of Scientific Socialism "Anti-Duehring" The sea in the beginning was the mother of all life and we do not know what forms of future perfection she is now nourishing as filmy protoplasm in her depths. Old Plymouth Trails Our “protoplasm” is as mystical as the old “vital force,” and both are only camping-grounds for our ignorance. Naturalism And Religion Amoebae—a little piece of protoplasm enclosing a kernel. The Church Handy Dictionary Reference has frequently been made, in preceding chapters, to the fact that proteins, enzymes, lipoids, etc., exist in the protoplasm of plants and animals in the colloidal condition. The Chemistry of Plant Life Sometimes also this upper extension of the hypothalline protoplasm passes beyond or behind the base of the sporangium or between two or more, and is more or less embraced by these in their confluent flexures. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species In many species it is part of a complex of canals or spaces in the protoplasm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 2 "Constantine Pavlovich" to "Convention" Islands drift into protoplasm atolls as the city stalks itself. The Land of Look Behind Darwin and Wallace showed that the species of animal and vegetable life were not created by any among the gods, but evolved from a common protoplasm. Communism and Christianism Analyzed and Contrasted from the Marxian and Darwinian Points of View The properties arising out of the colloidal condition are of such tremendous importance in connection with the vital phenomena exhibited by cell protoplasm that it is necessary to give some detailed consideration to them here. The Chemistry of Plant Life The opening at one end of the shell through which the protoplasm protrudes to make the pseudopodia is surrounded by a rim having a characteristic pattern. A Critique of the Theory of Evolution Come closer and watch proteid forming protoplasm, protoplasm forming a cell, and the cell evolving into—well, what do you want, an animal, plant, or an insect?” Astounding Stories of Super-Science, December 1930 I had attained total somatic consciousness; I was able to analyze the exact relationship of the drug to the molecular structure of my own protoplasm. Last Resort Living tribes such as the Fuegians and Australians, and the extinct Tasmanians, represent very nearly the status of the horde—a sort of social protoplasm. History of Human Society In both plants and animals, as will be pointed out in the following chapter, practically all the vital activities of the cell protoplasm are definite manifestations of colloidal phenomena. The Chemistry of Plant Life When Difflugia divides, part of the protoplasm protrudes from the opening and a new shell is secreted about this mass which becomes a daughter individual. A Critique of the Theory of Evolution If in the soul, between the suffering saint and the joyous man of the world, where again was our common moral protoplasm? The Gates Between For the whole living world, then, the primary and a mental form of life is merely an individual mass of protoplasm in which no further structure is discernible. Was Man Created? Mr. Gosse finds Whitman only a potential or possible poet; his work is literature in the condition of protoplasm. Whitman A Study The regulation of the passage of materials into and out of the cell is governed by minute changes in the electrolyte concentration, etc., which produce enormous changes in the colloidal character of the protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life The real cause would be that the molecules of the protoplasm have been so affected by long continued generation, that some of the peculiar qualities of the vine have become constant. My Autobiography A Fragment Well, existence struggling, dreaming of self-knowledge, found in a wriggling, oozing spot of protoplasm—that's the start of it all. Claire The Blind Love of a Blind Hero, By a Blind Author Thus when vegetable or meat is cooked their protoplasm dies, but is not rendered incompetent of resuming its old functions as a matter of life. Was Man Created? The asci appear first at the base of the paraphyses, under the form of oblong cells, filled with colourless protoplasm. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Hence, in the following discussions, no attempt is made to differentiate between animal and plant protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life But she was the greatest bit of protoplasm in any galaxy you could name. Lonesome Hearts The body tanks had to be replenished and the ship had to be serviced—and the crew was having a Lotus dream in its bed of protoplasm. Has Anyone Here Seen Kelly? As has been said before, where there are life manifestations there is protoplasm. Was Man Created? The granular orange protoplasm which fills it passes ere long into the sporules, which are engendered at the extremity of pointed spicules. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Examination of cell protoplasm under the microscope reveals that it is not a simple homogeneous mass. The Chemistry of Plant Life The minute particle of their protoplasm is contained within the siliceous case. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, September 1879 A bed of protoplasm in a shock-absorbent tank. Has Anyone Here Seen Kelly? But just as the inorganic substance, according to well-defined laws, elaborates its structure into a crystal of great beauty, so does the protoplasm elaborate itself into the most beautiful of all structures—the cell unit. Was Man Created? This is filled with a granular protoplasm, in which vacuoles are formed. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses This conception may not be accurate in every detail, but it seems to fit very closely the conditions and reactions of cell protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life As the two lines met, they coalesced into a wall of protoplasm, a thousand feet in length by a hundred high. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, November, 1930 Behind him, the Crew whispered in its tank, protoplasm developed in the labs and quivering now with some unified sensation that was purely subjective and blissfully unconcerned with what happened outside itself. Has Anyone Here Seen Kelly? The protoplasm of to-day is simply a continuation of the protoplasm of other ages, handed down to us through periods of undefinable and indeterminable time. Was Man Created? The extremity becomes clavate or swollen, after the manner of a vesicle, which receives by degrees the whole of the protoplasm. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses It is wholly inconceivable that a homogeneous mass of all the varying chemical compounds which are contained in any given quantity of protoplasm could either exist or produce any regular sequence of chemical reactions. The Chemistry of Plant Life The man seemed to have become resolved into the same sort of protoplasm as the Earth Giants. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, November, 1930 And that it is not a product of protoplasm, or a result of any particular arrangement of protoplasmic particles or molecules, is not less easily or unanswerably demonstrable. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications The question of where protoplasm came from—how it arose—chemistry is unable to answer; but the question is answered, probably, by spontaneous generation. Was Man Created? This body when mature is oval or elliptical, filled with protoplasm, but there is a diversity in their mode of germination. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The best understanding of the structural arrangement is afforded by the conception that protoplasm consists of a colloidal gel, or sometimes a very viscid sol, containing water, salts, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and enzymes. The Chemistry of Plant Life Or that this valley was peopled with what could best be described as organized protoplasm? Astounding Stories of Super-Science, November, 1930 Water, ammonia, and carbonic acid cannot, it is admitted, combine to form protoplasm, unless a principle of life preside over the operation. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications "Wherever there is life there is protoplasm; wherever there is protoplasm, there, too, is life." Was Man Created? The protoplasm, at first uniformly distributed in all the conidia, appears strewn with semi-lenticular, and nearly equidistant vacuoles, of which the plane face is immediately in contact with the periphery of the protoplasm. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses This conception seems, therefore, to fit most closely the actual conditions under which the protoplasm exists and carries on its vital functions. The Chemistry of Plant Life And then Kay had broken through, and was hewing madly with great sweeps of the ax that slashed great streamers of the amorphous tissue from the wall of protoplasm. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, November, 1930 At present, whenever assuming its presidential functions, the principle of life seems to be invariably embodied in a portion of pre-existing protoplasm; but there certainly was a time when the fact was otherwise. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications Is it possible, then, that the protoplasm which produces the mould is exactly the same composition as that which produces the human child? Was Man Created? In normal cases the protoplasm remains united in a single mass that shows a clear but very delicate outline. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Water constitutes the largest proportion of the weight of active protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life And behind it another wall of protoplasm was pressing forward, and on another side a wall was drifting up. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, November, 1930 In order, then, that any protoplasm or the substance of any organism should have been brought into existence in the first instance, life plainly must have been already existent. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications The regular motion of the protoplasm, forming a perfect current, may be seen in the hairs of the nettle, and weighty evidence exists that similar currents occur in all young vegetable cells. Was Man Created? It is very rare that the protoplasm is not evacuated, and that the conidia give out terminal or lateral tubes in the manner that is normal to other species without papillæ. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Hence, the presence of large proportions of water in the colloidal complex known as protoplasm has a very important influence upon its possibilities of biological reactions. The Chemistry of Plant Life Only this time, instead of a wall of protoplasm, it was a veritable mountain that confronted them, and there could be no more breaking through. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, November, 1930 Life, as we have seen, is not the offspring of protoplasm, but something which has been superinduced upon, and may be separated from, the protoplasm that serves as its material basis. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications Well, then, has protoplasm been called the "universal concomitant of every phenomena of life." Was Man Created? In its place appears a rounded opening, by which the parts of the protoplasm are expelled rapidly, one after the other. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses It must be admitted that there is as yet no definite evidence that the observations which have been made upon the protoplasm of animal tissues will apply equally well to plant cell protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life But what is of much greater importance is the fact that acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication deteriorates the germinal protoplasm of the procreators. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Take from water its aquosity, and water ceases to be water; but you may take away vitality from protoplasm, and yet leave protoplasm as much protoplasm as before. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications These elements thus united, which in themselves are perfectly lifeless, the plant is able to convert into living protoplasm. Was Man Created? Occasionally, when germination is arrested prematurely, certain portions of the hyphæ, in which the protoplasm maintains its vitality, become partitioned off. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The effects which salts produce in protoplasm are undoubtedly due to the fact that, when in solution, they readily ionize and conduct the electric current. The Chemistry of Plant Life The egg and the spermatozoid both consist of protoplasm containing a nucleus. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study What reason is there why, for instance, thought should not be termed a property of thinking protoplasm, just as congelation is a property of water, and centrifugience of gas? Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications The answer may come to this—Well, suppose the first protoplasm did originate by spontaneous generation, where did the elements or force come from which compose it? Was Man Created? This may be interpreted as a tendency towards the formation of chlamydospores, but there is no condensation of protoplasm, or investiture with a special membrane. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The general nature of these physical-chemical properties of the protoplasm and of the relation of electrolytes in solution to them may now be considered in some detail. The Chemistry of Plant Life But, while the spermatozoid has only a small nucleus and very little protoplasm, the egg has a large nucleus and a large quantity of protoplasm. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Vitality, therefore, evidently bears to protoplasm a quite different relation from that which aquosity bears to water. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications We have now very briefly reviewed the principal outlines of the ancestors of man, showing that man has developed from the little mass of protoplasm, as have all animals and plants. Was Man Created? In these the rough tuberculate epispore splits on one side, and its internal coat elongates itself and protrudes as a tube filled with protoplasm and oil globules, terminating in an ordinary sporangium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Osmotic pressure is one of the chief factors in controlling the amount of water in the protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life The spermatozoa of alcoholics suffer like the other tissues from the toxic action of alcohol on the protoplasm. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study At first, protoplasm could have had no proclivities to one or other arrangement of parts; unless, indeed, a purely mechanical proclivity towards a spherical form when suspended in a liquid. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I At this stage in the history of the earth, then, the little mass of protoplasm, which we have spoken so much about, came into existence in all probability, as has been stated, by spontaneous generation. Was Man Created? At the same time the lacunose protoplasm of each cell becomes divided into a number of corpuscles, which escape by the open extremity of the cylindrical neck. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Hence, osmotic pressure provides for the movement of water into and out of protoplasm and so tends to keep the proportion of water uniform throughout the entire tissue. The Chemistry of Plant Life At the same time a nuclear liquid arising from the protoplasm of the egg becomes concentrated around the chromatin of the spermatozoid, while the nucleus of the egg remains in place and does not change. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Hence there will result an envelope of changed matter, inclosing and protecting the unchanged protoplasm—there will result a rudimentary cell-wall. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I In every act of breeding, a certain amount of protoplasm is transferred from the parents to the child, and along with it there is transferred the individual peculiar molecular motion. Was Man Created? During the development of these organs, the protoplasm of the utricle which contains them offers at first completely normal characteristics, and disappears entirely by degrees as they increase. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Surface boundary phenomena in a heterogeneous system, such as we have seen protoplasm to be, provide the possibilities for many reactions which would otherwise take place very slowly, if at all. The Chemistry of Plant Life Their protoplasm is contractile and their form varies according to the species. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Acting alone, the primordial factor must have initiated the primary differentiation in all units of protoplasm alike. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I It was during this epoch that the little mass of protoplasm, which has been so often spoken of, came into existence. Was Man Created? Their membrane encloses granules of opaque protoplasm, mingled with numerous bulky granules of colourless fatty matter. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses But there is plenty of experimental evidence to show that plant protoplasm carries electrical charges and exhibits electrical phenomena which are similar in character to those of animal tissues. The Chemistry of Plant Life Conjugation consists in the movement of the male cell, by means of variable mechanism, toward the female cell, or egg, into the protoplasm of which it enters. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study If oxygen in presence of light destroys one of these minutest portions of protoplasm, what will be its effect on a larger portion of protoplasm? Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I In a tissue rich in protoplasm, carmine alone stains diffusely, though the nuclei are clearly brought out. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The slightly thickened membrane of the antheridia encloses protoplasm which is finely granular. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Many different explanations of the origin of the electric current which develops when the protoplasm is stimulated into activity have been suggested; but none of them have, as yet, any experimental confirmation. The Chemistry of Plant Life The cell is composed of protoplasm which contains a rounded nucleus formed of nucleo-plasma. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study This supplementary paper goes on to show that the injurious effect of light upon protoplasm results only in presence of oxygen. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I The stain, which only requires a small fixation, is completed in a few minutes, and colours the nuclei green, the red blood corpuscles red, the protoplasm of the leucocytes fuchsin colour. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The ripe endospore is a thick, smooth, colourless membrane, composed of cellulose containing a bed of finely granulated protoplasm, which surrounds a great central vacuole. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The most that can be said is that whenever any stimulus excites the protoplasm into activity, there is instantly developed in it an electrical disturbance, which continues as long as the action is in progress. The Chemistry of Plant Life It is formed of infinitely small elements of very different value and chemical constitution, which form what is called protoplasm or the cell-substance. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The hyphæ swell out at the ends into large spherical thickenings, filled with richly vacuolated protoplasm like the ordinary hyphæ. The Industries of Animals On the contrary the protoplasm of the leucocytes is always alkaline, and the largest amount of alkali is held by the protoplasm of the lymphocytes. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological It remains solid and filled with protoplasm as far as the portion which forms the end through its conidia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses But there is as yet no indication concerning the mechanism by which this stimulation, with its resultant electrical phenomena, is transmitted to the protoplasm and accomplishes its characteristic effects. The Chemistry of Plant Life And even from the protoplasm of the egg without its nucleus, with the aid of a spermatozoid. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study This consists of a small mass of protoplasm surrounded almost always by a thicker skin or covering, known as the cell wall and enclosing a complicated kernel known as the nucleus. The Meaning of Evolution These are red corpuscles of the size of the usual non-nucleated disc, whose protoplasm as a rule shews a pure hæmoglobin colour, and which possess a nucleus. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological These cells are filled with a protoplasm, to which the plant owes its orange colour. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses A second effect of change in reaction of protoplasm is to alter the enzymic activity of the cell. The Chemistry of Plant Life All intoxications which alter the protoplasm of the germinal cells may produce blastophthoric degenerations, which continue to menace several successive generations in the form of hereditary taints. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The protoplasm seems to be the living substance itself. The Meaning of Evolution Their protoplasm, which constitutes by far the chief portion of the body of the cell, very often shews anæmic degeneration to a greater or less degree. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological When they have attained their normal dimensions, they elongate at the summit into two, three, or four distinct, thick, obtuse tubes, into which the protoplasm gradually passes. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses A change toward acidity in protoplasm immediately results in the stimulating of carbohydrate-splitting enzymes, which increases the supply of easily oxidizable simple carbohydrates, thereby tending to compensate for the decrease in respiratory activity. The Chemistry of Plant Life Simultaneously, the cell enlarges and its protoplasm commences to become indented at each end of the diameter previously formed by the chromosomes. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study Animals and plants are larger or smaller collections of the little masses of protoplasm which we know as cells. The Meaning of Evolution Kölliker has taught that these nuclei are not quite free, but are always surrounded by a minute border of protoplasm. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological By rapid growth, they soon attain a considerable size and fulness, the protoplasm being gradually absorbed by the sporidia, the first indication of which is always the central nucleus. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Finally, comparatively slight variations in the reaction of the protoplasm produce enormous changes in its colloidal condition, affecting in a very marked degree its permeability, its power of adsorption, etc. The Chemistry of Plant Life Why not continue his lineage right back to the original bi-cellular organism—protoplasm? War Letters of a Public-School Boy In such conditions they become covered with a tough skin, almost a shell, and their protoplasm is itself nearly dry. The Meaning of Evolution Their body is occupied by a large round homogeneously stained nucleus centrally situated, whilst the protoplasm surrounds the nucleus as a concentric border. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological In from fifteen to eighteen hours the contents become coarsely granular; at the same time little projections appear on the tube which are narrowed at the base, into which some of the protoplasm passes. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses It is clear, therefore, that variations in the chemical reaction of protoplasm profoundly affect its colloidal condition, its enzymic activity, and its respiratory processes. The Chemistry of Plant Life And somewhere among this conglomeration of boiling protoplasm there was a being unlike the others, a being who walked and talked like the others but who was different—and afraid the difference would be discovered. Foundling on Venus So absolutely is the habit fixed upon cells of protoplasm that even to-day the activities of the cells of higher animals depend upon the presence of moisture. The Meaning of Evolution Between nucleus and protoplasm there is often found a narrow areola, which doubtless results from artificial retraction. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological These are filled with protoplasm, swell more and more, and, after some time, separate themselves by a partition from the sterigma into independent cells, spores, or conidia. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Reference has frequently been made, in preceding chapters, to the effect of various stimulating or inhibiting agencies upon the physiological activities of plant protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life There were two other creatures seated close to the dials, things of matter, and their substance was protoplasm. Cogito, Ergo Sum This gelatinous mass is known as protoplasm or plasmodium, and the motive power of the plasmodium has suggested to many that they should be placed in the animal kingdom, or called fungus animals. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Nucleus and protoplasm are basophil, nevertheless in many methods of staining the protoplasm possesses a much stronger affinity for the basic stain than does the nucleus. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological If enough of the chemical adheres to the living bacterium, the living protoplasm thickens and irreversibly coagulates. Poisoned Air When these conditions are altered, the effect upon the functioning of the plant protoplasm may be either stimulating or depressing. The Chemistry of Plant Life The thing of protoplasm nearest me was moving but I was no longer interested. Cogito, Ergo Sum The young basidia as seen in Figure 2 are filled with a granular protoplasm. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The nucleus in these cases stands out as a bright spot from the deeply stained mass of protoplasm, which is reticulated in a peculiar manner. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The most minute homogeneous constituents of this life substance, the protoplasm molecules, must in their chemical composition present an infinite number of extremely delicate gradations and variations. The Christian Foundation, Or, Scientific and Religious Journal, Volume I, No. 7, July, 1880 These ideas have been suggested by studies of the changes in the equilibrium of protoplasm when foreign substances are introduced into it. The Chemistry of Plant Life Ameba are microorganisms of the simplest structure—a protoplasm which is constantly changing in shape. Ned, Bob and Jerry on the Firing Line The Motor Boys Fighting for Uncle Sam Each projection or sterigma soon swells at its extremity into a bladder-like body, the young spore, and, as they enlarge, the protoplasm of the basidium is passed into them. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In stained specimens, especially from lymphatic leukæmia, these forms, which completely resemble the protoplasm of the lymphocytes in their staining, may from their nature and origin be readily recognised. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological As a matter of course, to the infinite varieties presented by the organic forms and vital phenomena in the vegetable and animal kingdoms, correspond an equally infinite variety of chemical composition in the protoplasm. The Christian Foundation, Or, Scientific and Religious Journal, Volume I, No. 7, July, 1880 There are, however, a large number of water-soluble chemical substances which are injurious to all living protoplasm, even at concentrations considerably less than the point of osmotic equilibrium in the juices of the protoplasm. The Chemistry of Plant Life So again, while a solution of salt, carbonate of potash, or saltpetre causes them to withdraw from the danger, an infusion of sugar, or tan, produces a flow of protoplasm towards the source of nourishment. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In When the four spores are full grown they have consumed all the protoplasm in the basidium. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The protoplasm possesses no special affinity for acid and neutral dyes, and hence in triacid and hæmatoxylin preparations the small lymphocytes are seen chiefly as lightly stained nuclei, apparently free. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological The organism itself consists of a minute particle of protoplasm, a single cell with no definite shape or body-wall and no specialized organs or apparatus for carrying on the life-functions. Insects and Diseases A Popular Account of the Way in Which Insects may Spread or Cause some of our Common Diseases These substances may act either directly or indirectly upon the protoplasm, but at certain concentrations they always affect it injuriously. The Chemistry of Plant Life They consist of a cell wall perforated by extremely minute orifices, of protoplasm, cell fluid, and numerous granules of "Chlorophyll," which give the leaf its green colour. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In With no existing power to arrest or mitigate the sentence of this relentless, carboniferous judge, how fearful may be the possible fate of those who disregard the moral laws of protoplasm. The Christian Foundation, Or, Scientific and Religious Journal, February, 1880 In the larger cells the protoplasm can be seen even in these preparations to be slightly stained. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological There were atoms in the ancient world even, but since we've learned that you've discovered the chemical molecule and protoplasm and the devil knows what, we had to lower our crest. The Brothers Karamazov But we have, as yet, no inkling of how the protoplasm of the plant adjusts or controls its responses to variations in any of these external factors. The Chemistry of Plant Life If, for instance, a moist body is brought into contact with one of their projections, or "pseudopods," the protoplasm seems to roll itself in that direction, and so the whole organism gradually changes its place. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In It takes you to the slime of the sea, or the mud of the Nile, just one step behind the pulpy mass of protoplasm, or the moneron. The Christian Foundation, Or, Scientific and Religious Journal, February, 1880 By the aid of the iodine-eosine method the reaction of the protoplasm of the lymphocytes is shewn to be strongly alkaline. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological |
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