| 单词 | prokaryotic |
| 例句 | Margulis has summarized the now considerable body of data indicating that the modern nucleated cell was made up, part by part, by the coming together of just such prokaryotic animals. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z In structure and pigment content they are the images of prokaryotic blue-green algae. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z When compared to modern organisms, the microfossils more closely resembled a type of algae than simpler prokaryotic life -- organisms like bacteria, for example -- that existed prior to the Great Oxidation Event, the scientists said. Window to the past: New microfossils suggest earlier rise in complex life 2023-11-07T05:00:00Z In this illustration, the prokaryotic cell has an oval shape. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Before discussing the criteria for determining whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic, let us first examine how biologists study cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Both cells have cytoplasm but prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The interior of a prokaryotic cell, which lacks a nucleus, is also called the cytoplasm. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z There are many types of cells, and all are grouped into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Illustration C shows a bacteriophage injecting DNA into a prokaryotic cell. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z When oil immersion lenses are used, magnification is usually increased to 1,000 times for the study of smaller cells, like most prokaryotic cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z However, most prokaryotic cells can exchange nutrients with the outside environment faster than most eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In prokaryotic cells, there is no nucleus, and the DNA is found in the cytoplasm. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z This figure shows the generalized structure of a prokaryotic cell. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Other structures are present in some prokaryotic species, but not in others. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Figure 3.5 This figure shows the generalized structure of a prokaryotic cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Most prokaryotic cells are smaller, and have a higher surface-to-volume ratio, than eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These organelles probably originated from prokaryotic cells that became part of eukaryotic cells in a mutualistic relationship. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Despite the wide range of organisms, there exists only two fundamental cell plans: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Antibiotics only target prokaryotic cells, whereas compounds that kill fungi also harm the eukaryotic animal host. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Because protein synthesis is essential for all cells, ribosomes are found in practically every cell, although they are smaller in prokaryotic cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A nucleus and organelles are found in prokaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z DNA replication in prokaryotic cells starts from one point and continues in two directions until replication is complete. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Thus, if you were to microscopically analyze the cells of any organism on Earth, you would find either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells depending on the type of organism. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Estimates of numbers of prokaryotic species are largely guesses, but biologists agree that science has only begun to catalog their diversity. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This table provides the components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their respective functions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Cilia are found in prokaryotic cells and flagella in eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This chain is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells and in the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Similarly, any wastes produced within a prokaryotic cell can quickly move out. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z It is important to note that this definition fits eukaryotic organisms fairly well, but that species are often defined quite differently in prokaryotic lineages. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This recognition of prokaryotic diversity forced a new understanding of the classification of all life and brought us closer to understanding the fundamental relationships of all living things, including ourselves. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The circular chromosome found in prokaryotic cells contains almost all of the genetic information and is not enclosed in a nucleus. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Estimates of numbers of prokaryotic species are largely guesses, but biologists agree that science has only just begun to catalog their diversity. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Later in the course, we will touch upon prokaryotic species. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The fossil record and genetic evidence suggest that prokaryotic cells were the first organisms on Earth. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The prokaryotic cell cycle takes place very quickly when conditions are ideal. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In fact, researchers now believe that the eukaryote genome was itself the result of a fusion of two prokaryotic genomes. It’s time to consign the “selfish gene” to the history books 2021-05-30T04:00:00Z DNA sequencing makes it possible for scientists to study entire prokaryotic communities in their natural habitat—including the many prokaryotes that are unculturable, and would previously have been “invisible” to researchers. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z It is in some ways analogous to the process of binary fission of single-celled prokaryotic organisms. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The process occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, just in slightly different manners. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z After the first prokaryotic cells evolved, all life remained single-celled for about 3 billion years. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z With it, Woese compiled evidence for a major new form of single-celled, prokaryotic life, Archaea, from which we may have descended. Was Darwin Wrong? 2019-06-15T04:00:00Z The initial sequencing of genomes from two species of red algae called Cyanidiophyceae had indicated that up to 6% of their DNA had a prokaryotic origin. Plants and animals sometimes take genes from bacteria, study of algae suggests 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z Eukaryotic cells tend to be 10 to 100 times the size of prokaryotic cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In prokaryotic cells, there are three types of regulatory molecules that can affect the expression of operons: repressors, activators, and inducers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Many other prokaryotic genes are switched on or off by similar mechanisms. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In the prokaryotic world, the ability to form both extracellular and intracellular membrane structures and/or compartments is by no means exceptional. Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity : Nature : Nature Research 2017-01-10T05:00:00Z The division between eukaryotic and prokaryotic life is one of the most profound in biology. Nuclear reaction 2014-11-06T05:00:00Z Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of most prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z However, unlike prokaryotic cells, the eukaryotic RNA polymerase requires other proteins, or transcription factors, to facilitate transcription initiation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When growth conditions become unfavorable, many prokaryotic cells form an endospore—a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The central question with regard to eukaryogenesis entails, however, why a particular Asgard lineage evolved the far higher level of cellular complexity characteristic of eukaryotes, whereas other prokaryotic lineages did not. Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity : Nature : Nature Research 2017-01-10T05:00:00Z Uncultivated bacteria, which are proposed to form 70% of all known prokaryotic phyla, represent a particularly promising source for new, chemically prolific taxa. An environmental bacterial taxon with a large and distinct metabolic repertoire 2014-02-05T18:21:56.312Z While both proteins are found in extant organisms, tubulin function has evolved and diversified tremendously since the evolution from its FtsZ-like prokaryotic origin. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Which statement is correct regarding the distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z More than 150 different species of bacteria inhabit the human body, forming the “microbiome”—a huge collection of prokaryotic genomes that rivals the human genome in complexity. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Even where the molecular processes are the same, however, the details in the two forms are different; they are either characteristically eukaryotic or characteristically prokaryotic. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z However, such ‘talented’ producers represent only a minute fraction of the entire, mostly uncultivated, prokaryotic diversity. An environmental bacterial taxon with a large and distinct metabolic repertoire 2014-02-05T18:21:56.312Z In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division, the genomic DNA is replicated and each copy is allocated into a daughter cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Which of the following statements describes prokaryotic transcription of the lac operon? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Bacteria were the perfect choice because they are prokaryotic cells. Synthetic Biology: Bits and pieces come to life 2012-02-29T18:21:16.530Z Thus it seems that at least two lines of prokaryotic descent are represented in the eukaryotic cell. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z This prokaryotic Zelig is generally such an unremarkable, utterly inoffensive germ that billions live comfortably in the intestines of every single human being. Books: A Timely E. Coli Story, Spun as a Legal Thriller 2011-06-27T18:52:32Z Animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells, and protist cells are classified as eukaryotic, whereas bacteria and archaea cells are classified as prokaryotic. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They contain the circular chromosome of prokaryotic organisms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify selected portions of prokaryotic DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Hence there is no reason two prokaryotic lines of descent cannot be just as distinct from each other as either one is from the eukaryotic line. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z Electrophoresis is used to amplify selected portions of prokaryotic DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These reactions take place in specialized protein complexes located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic organisms and on the inner part of the cell membrane of prokaryotic organisms. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Even the smallest and simplest of cells, prokaryotic bacteria, may be attacked by specific types of viruses. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Biologists have tended to look at the eukaryotic cell as having been formed by the association of fully evolved prokaryotic cells; their association is assumed to have created a "higher" type of cell, the eukaryotic. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z The cell wall is a protective layer found in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z One dramatic and recent example was the breaking apart of prokaryotic species, which until the 1970s were all classified as bacteria. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Osmotic pressure in both types of prokaryotic cells is relatively high. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Ribosomes are sites of ATP production found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The prokaryotic cell too is circumscribed by a double membrane, and in addition it almost al ways has a rigid cell wall. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z The cell wall is a protective layer, typically found in prokaryotic cells and in some eukaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The additional steps involved in eukaryotic mRNA maturation create a molecule that is much more stable than a prokaryotic mRNA. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Iron is required in small amounts by some prokaryotic organisms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that have some of the least complex life processes in place; however, prokaryotes such as bacteria do not contain membrane-bound vacuoles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The genome—the total complement of genetic material—is limited to between 2,000 and 3,000 genes in a prokaryotic cell; the typical eukaryotic genome is larger by several orders of magnitude. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z The first two are prokaryotic cells with microbes that lack membrane-enclosed nuclei and organelles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Here we will explore how translation occurs in E. coli, a representative prokaryote, and specify any differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify selected portions of prokaryotic DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For example, both animal and plant cells are classified as eukaryotic cells, whereas bacterial cells are classified as prokaryotic. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z At that level all cells appeared to be either large and complex, and so eukaryotic, or small and simple, and so prokaryotic. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z Before discussing the criteria for determining whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic, let’s first examine how biologists study cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The process occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, just in slightly different fashions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Electrophoresis is used to amplify selected portions of prokaryotic DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Similarly, any wastes produced within a prokaryotic cell can quickly diffuse out. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Here eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have many features in common. Archaebacteria: The Third Domain of Life Missed by Biologists for Decades 2013-01-01T00:45:00.170Z At this point, it should be clear to you that eukaryotic cells have a more complex structure than prokaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As a result, the primary method to control what type and how much protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is through the regulation of DNA transcription into RNA. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Neither is more important as both types of nutrients are absolutely necessary for prokaryotic cell structure and function. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Both cells have a nucleus but prokaryotic cells lack cytoplasm. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Both cells have DNA but prokaryotic cells lack a cell membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Both cells have a cell membrane but prokaryotic cells lack DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Therefore, in prokaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is almost entirely at the transcriptional level. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Table 14.1 summarizes the enzymes involved in prokaryotic DNA replication and the functions of each. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Most prokaryotic cells are larger, and have a higher surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Most prokaryotic cells are smaller, and have a lower surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It is important to note that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Extremophiles give us a better understanding of prokaryotic diversity and open up the possibility of the discovery of new therapeutic drugs or industrial applications. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Eukaryotic genomes are much more complex and larger in size than prokaryotic genomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z However, there are many differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Replication of the prokaryotic chromosome begins at the origin of replication and continues in both directions at once. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some other structures are present in some prokaryotic species, but not in others. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A prokaryotic organism’s rate of replication is ten times slower than that of eukaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A prokaryotic organism’s rate of replication is ten times faster than that of eukaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A prokaryotic organism’s rate of replication is ten times faster than that of eukaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A prokaryotic organism’s rate of replication is ten times slower than that of eukaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The endosymbiotic theory states that eukaryotes are a product of one prokaryotic cell engulfing another, one living within another, and evolving together over time until the separate cells were no longer recognizable as such. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The central region of the cell in which prokaryotic DNA resides is called the nucleoid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 15.7 The σ subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase recognizes consensus sequences found in the promoter region upstream of the transcription start sight. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 15.8 During elongation, the prokaryotic RNA polymerase tracks along the DNA template, synthesizes mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction, and unwinds and rewinds the DNA as it is read. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z By the time termination occurs, the prokaryotic transcript would already have been used to begin synthesis of numerous copies of the encoded protein because these processes can occur concurrently. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Like mitochondria, plastids also contain circular genomes and divide by a process reminiscent of prokaryotic cell division. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Although promoters vary among prokaryotic genomes, a few elements are conserved. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Which step in the transcription of eukaryotic RNA differs the most from its prokaryotic counterpart? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Eukaryotic cells also package their genomes in a more sophisticated way compared with prokaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells can regulate gene expression at many different levels. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z At this point, it should be clear that eukaryotic cells have a more complex structure than do prokaryotic cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z One theory is that the prokaryotic cells produced an additional membrane that surrounded the bacterial chromosome. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The rate of replication is approximately 100 nucleotides per second, much slower than prokaryotic replication. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The additional steps involved in eukaryotic mRNA maturation create a molecule with a much longer half-life than a prokaryotic mRNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Here we’ll explore how translation occurs in E. coli, a representative prokaryote, and specify any differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z While the chief component of prokaryotic cell walls is peptidoglycan, the major organic molecule in the plant cell wall is cellulose, a polysaccharide made up of long, straight chains of glucose units. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The hypothesis is that eukaryotes evolved not from a single prokaryotic ancestor, but from a pool of many species that were sharing genes by HGT mechanisms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As a result, the primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is the regulation of DNA transcription. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Therefore, in prokaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is mostly at the transcriptional level. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In prokaryotic cells, these processes occur almost simultaneously. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms carry out some form of glycolysis. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In the typical human body, prokaryotic cells outnumber human body cells by about ten to one. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These organisms give us a better understanding of prokaryotic diversity and open up the possibility of finding new prokaryotic species that may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic drugs or have industrial applications. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Cell wall is a protective layer, typical in prokaryotic cells and in some eukaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Unicellular organisms, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, also turn on and off genes in response to the demands of their environment so that they can respond to special conditions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Figure 22.10 The features of a typical prokaryotic cell are shown. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The cell wall is a protective layer, typically found in prokaryotic cells and in some eukaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In a rapidly changing environment, which prokaryotic population would you hypothesize likely to be more successful: one that included individuals capable of conjugation or one that did not? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Because prokaryotic organisms lack a cell nucleus, the processes of transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Although these elements are required in smaller amounts, they are very important for the structure and function of the prokaryotic cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the outcome of cell reproduction is a pair of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z While both proteins are found in extant organisms, tubulin function has evolved and diversified tremendously since evolving from its FtsZ prokaryotic origin. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z There are many types of cells, all grouped into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Two of the three domains—Bacteria and Archaea—are prokaryotic, meaning that they lack both a nucleus and true membrane-bound organelles. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The cytoplasm of both bacterial and archaean prokaryotic cells has a high concentration of dissolved solutes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 4.5 This figure shows the generalized structure of a prokaryotic cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Small size, in general, is necessary for all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Antibiotics only target prokaryotic cells, whereas compounds that kill fungi also adversely affect the eukaryotic animal host. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Boron is required in small amounts by some prokaryotic organisms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Evidence supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic cells likely evolved from prokaryotic ancestors; for example, mitochondria and chloroplasts feature characteristics of independently-living prokaryotes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z You have now completed a broad survey of the components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For a summary of cellular components in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, see Table 4.1. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Manganese is required in small amounts by some prokaryotic organisms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The first life on our planet consisted of single-celled prokaryotic organisms that had limited interaction with each other. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the outcome of cell reproduction is a pair of daughter cells, which are genetically identical to the parent cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The prokaryotic genome is found as a loop and in eukaryotes as a double-stranded linear structure. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Still others hypothesize that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells developed independently. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Sulfur is needed in large amounts by prokaryotic organisms. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A population including individuals not capable of conjugation would be more successful because conjugation will result in an increase in genetic diversity of the prokaryotic population which will be disadvantageous in a new population. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z |
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