| 单词 | premiss |
| 例句 | Grant this premiss, and what follows, or something better, may easily be rendered an accomplished fact. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z In defence of the legitimacy of the process by which these writers evolved their conclusions from the premisses of Locke, the reader may consult the very able lectures of M. Cousin on Locke. History of European Morals From Augustus to Charlemagne (Vol. 1 of 2) 2012-03-28T02:00:20.770Z The failure of Celsus Confident in the truth of his premisses and the conclusions that follow from them, Celsus charged the Christians with folly and dogmatism. The Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire 2012-03-11T03:00:13.983Z But like all “major premisses” in practice, everything depends on the power of judgment, the tact, the skill, the “gift” of applying them. Hegel's Philosophy of Mind 2012-03-07T03:00:14.327Z Founded, as I venture to think, on entirely false premisses, their conclusions almost invariably are altogether wrong. The Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels 2012-02-24T03:00:31.020Z Now, a plot is much like a drama, and should have a beginning, a middle, and an end; answering roughly to premiss, argument, and conclusion. How to Write a Novel A Practical Guide to the Art of Fiction 2012-02-17T03:00:36.070Z If this be not true and English history testifies on every point to a deeper influence exercised by the German conquerors, does not the collapse of the social conclusion call in question the economical premisses? Villainage in England Essays in English Mediaeval History 2012-02-15T03:00:35.553Z That part of the Jewish race, and it was the larger part, which did not accept the new religion, was in no mind to admit either Paul's premisses or his conclusions. The Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire 2012-03-11T03:00:13.983Z This method requires that one should have made up one’s mind about the conclusion before discovering the premisses—by what, no doubt, Jevons would call an “inverse or inductive method.” The philosophy of B*rtr*nd R*ss*ll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z The major premiss of the foregoing syllogism, that "whatever manifests design must have had a designer," is a pure assumption, if by design is meant adaptation in Nature. Ingersoll in Canada A Reply to Wendling, Archbishop Lynch, Bystander; and Others 2011-12-16T03:00:10.740Z This was the sum of the congregation's united reflection during the sermon; individually, no doubt, each soul played with more particular premisses, but the ultimate conclusion was the same for all. The Passionate Elopement 2011-12-02T03:00:19.930Z The cardinal principle of the sacred books is the unity of God, and starting from this premiss the rejection of idolatry and superstition. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 3 "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" 2011-11-13T03:00:13.177Z This is founded upon the suppressed premiss, that such a Being must do what he does, and his creatures must do what they do; and so evil must come. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z Also if a man is unhappy he could not, from our premisses, by the principles of the syllogism and of contraposition, be dignified—a conclusion which should be fatal to many novelists’ heroes. The philosophy of B*rtr*nd R*ss*ll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z So, likewise, is the minor premiss an assumption if by design is meant anything more than the adaptation pervading the universe, or at least that part cognizable to us. Ingersoll in Canada A Reply to Wendling, Archbishop Lynch, Bystander; and Others 2011-12-16T03:00:10.740Z So I am to regard you as a disappointed voluptuary, a hedonist philosopher whose premisses induced him to a false conclusion. The Passionate Elopement 2011-12-02T03:00:19.930Z Premisses of the Age of Machinery.—The press, the machine, the railway, the telegraph are premisses of which no one has yet dared to draw the conclusions that will follow in a thousand years. Human, All-Too-Human, Part II 2011-10-26T02:00:29.773Z Such a premiss seems worse than absurd; it seems silly. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z Mr. Austen Chamberlain afterwards rather destroyed one’s belief in the truth of his premisses by putting limits to the validity of the principle of identity. The philosophy of B*rtr*nd R*ss*ll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z First, I do not accept the premiss; and next, even if I did, I can show that the resulting conclusion would not overturn my definition. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z Little need to insist on the guarantee of subjective ease involved in such an attitude—the immense noted growth of which casts its chill, as I intimate, on the inquirer proceeding from settled premisses. Lady Barbarina The Siege of London, An International Episode and Other Tales 2011-10-06T02:00:37.063Z The common theory of property starts from the premiss, that all men have the right to property, and draws the conclusion, that, therefore, some men have the right to monopolize it. Contemporary Socialism 2011-09-10T02:00:28.673Z If the premiss be granted, the inference must doubtless be admitted; but the premiss, in the form presented by Sir William Hamilton and Mr. Mansel, is not strictly true. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z In this conclusion the pragmatist would seem to be correct, and this is an instance of how the false premisses of pragmatism may give rise to true conclusions. The philosophy of B*rtr*nd R*ss*ll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z By its own premisses it is committed to the doctrine that all specific characters, without a single exception, must be either useful, vestigial, or correlated. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z In order to decide whether they are valid arguments or “sophisms,” it is necessary to guess at the tacit premisses, and to decide who was the “homo” at whom they were aimed. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z It struck me, I confess, that instead of burning the collections, they would have done better to ask him what was the connection between his premisses and his conclusions. Social Rights And Duties Addresses to Ethical Societies Vol II 2011-08-05T02:00:45.557Z Let us pause here for a moment and observe that we have clearly established, from Mr. Spencer's own premiss, the fact that God is limited. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z There had been numerous prosecutions of people who, from true but not identical premisses, had deduced true conclusions, so that the possible legitimate forms of “implication” were reduced. The philosophy of B*rtr*nd R*ss*ll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z In the first place, it is drawn from what I have just shown to be a false premiss; and, in the second place, the conclusion does not follow even from this premiss. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z These initial propositions are premisses for the body of knowledge in question. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z His rights are to be deduced from, not to supply the premisses for deducing, the social order. Social Rights And Duties Addresses to Ethical Societies Vol II 2011-08-05T02:00:45.557Z The reader will readily see the results which directly follow from Mr. Spencer's premiss. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z There was the admitted premiss and there was the obvious conclusion. A Grammar of Freethought 2011-07-30T02:00:13.083Z That the premiss—or definition of the theory as primarily a theory of the origin of species—is false, I need not wait again to argue. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z The discovery of these premisses belongs to philosophy; but the work of deducing the body of common knowledge from them belongs to mathematics, if “mathematics” is interpreted in a somewhat liberal sense. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z In Chapter III, "based on a false premiss" was changed to "based on a false premise". The Strange Story of Rab R?by 2011-07-17T02:00:30.943Z Now, there can be no doubt but that if the logician's premiss is true, the conclusion is unavoidable. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z But with us the premiss no longer exists. A Grammar of Freethought 2011-07-30T02:00:13.083Z That the conclusion does not follow even from this erroneous premiss, a very few words will suffice to prove. Darwin, and After Darwin, Volume 2 Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility 2011-10-16T02:00:14.153Z Similarly, it used to be felt that the parts of geometry which depend upon the axiom of parallels have less certainty than the parts which are independent of this premiss. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z You are not at liberty, logically, to draw any such inference from the premisses. The Revision Revised 2011-07-15T02:00:18.897Z And what is the true premiss which through an irrefutable logic will give us a satisfactory, a true, an undoubted conclusion. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z And we cannot reject the premiss while retaining the conclusion. A Grammar of Freethought 2011-07-30T02:00:13.083Z It is founded entirely on logic; but unfortunately, if the premisses are bad, the better the syllogism the more erroneous will be the conclusion; and it is just this which we find here. Astronomical Myths Based on Flammarions's History of the Heavens 2011-06-24T02:00:15.873Z Thus analysis into premisses serves not only a logical purpose, but also the purpose of facilitating an estimate as to the degree of certainty to be attached to this or that derivative belief. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z More than this does not follow lawfully from the premisses. The Revision Revised 2011-07-15T02:00:18.897Z This very strange assertion can only be true, provided a major premiss, No force can be conceived to exist without involving an affection of consciousness in the object in which it apparently inheres, is true. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z The premisses of Lessing's argument therefore will not stand, for the painter cannot originate a fable by means of a picture. Art Principles With Special Reference to Painting Together with Notes on the Illusions Produced by the Painter 2011-06-16T02:00:17.197Z In this chapter we will leave out of count the first premiss—Man—and only deal with what concerns the second premiss—Water; with water that flows and is utilized in vegetation. Are the Planets Inhabited? 2011-04-24T02:00:07.733Z In all inference, form alone is essential: the particular subject-matter is irrelevant except as securing the truth of the premisses. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z They do but go astray themselves and hopelessly mislead others, who first invent their facts, and then proceed to build thereupon their premisses. The Revision Revised 2011-07-15T02:00:18.897Z Now apply this law to the psychological premiss of Mr. Spencer, that we have a positive knowledge that the Absolute is. Know the Truth; A critique of the Hamiltonian Theory of Limitation 2011-10-29T02:00:13.723Z Rationalism is the exercise of reason instead of faith in matters of faith; but one does not see how it can be faith to adopt the premisses, and unbelief to accept the conclusion. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine 2011-01-31T03:00:14.710Z Because of these qualities his books form a series, consecutive in premisses and argument; a logical sequence corresponding to their chronological order. Twentieth Century Socialism What It Is Not; What It Is: How It May Come 2011-01-17T03:00:51.213Z If they seem to depend upon the subject-matter otherwise than as regards the truth of the premisses, that is because the premisses have not been all explicitly stated. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z All this is sufficiently crude and material, and rests upon the same premisses as those which drove the Mexicans to the frightful excesses which I have previously described. Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Native Religions of Mexico and Peru 2011-01-02T03:00:21.577Z It is characteristic of Royce that in his proof of something sublime, like the existence of God, his premiss should be something sad and troublesome, the existence of error. Character and Opinion in the United States 2010-12-20T17:12:15.253Z Pietism for the time died away; but rationalism developed in Wolf, who professed to prove all the orthodox doctrines, by a process of reasoning, from premisses level with the reason. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine 2011-01-31T03:00:14.710Z The logic of this is bad enough, but even the premiss is false. Twentieth Century Socialism What It Is Not; What It Is: How It May Come 2011-01-17T03:00:51.213Z Thus general truths cannot be inferred from particular truths alone, but must, if they are to be known, be either self-evident, or inferred from premisses of which at least one is a general truth. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy 2011-08-16T02:00:44.423Z It has been the major premiss of my whole argument. The Formation of Christendom, Volume VII At the same time, there are three species of syllogism, scientific, dialectical and eristical or sophistical; and in consequence there are different ways of acquiring premisses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" I am not stating conclusions which were drawn out in the controversy, but of premisses which were laid, broad and deep. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine 2011-01-31T03:00:14.710Z Inference is conditional, because a conclusion at least implies the assumption of premisses, and still more, because in concrete matter, on which I am engaged, demonstration is impossible. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent "Surely a sweeping conclusion from a very uncertain premiss." The Man Who Rose Again For "God" is the subject of the major premiss, and "the Vicar of God" is the predicate of the minor; and these are not the same. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. On this basis he constructed a system of political absolutism which lacks two things only:—well-grounded premisses instead of baseless hypotheses, and the acquiescence of those who were to be subjected to it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 2 "Bohemia" to "Borgia, Francis" Accordingly it will include any progress of the mind from one judgment to another, as, for instance, by way of moral fitness, which may not admit of analysis into premiss and conclusion. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine 2011-01-31T03:00:14.710Z Knowledge of premisses, and inferences upon them,—this is not to live. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent He does not attend to your premisses, and he never has any of his own! The Firebrand But we must draw a distinction touching their major premiss. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. It follows from these premisses that a naval blockade—or a connected series of blockades—can never be regarded as equivalent to an established command of the sea. Naval Warfare From these premisses followed later the doctrine that gifts to the church were not gifts to the poor, as once they had been, but to the religious bodies. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 8 "Chariot" to "Chatelaine" Inference is always inference; even if demonstrative, it is still conditional; it establishes an incontrovertible conclusion on the condition of incontrovertible premisses. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent That partition forms the first grand act of modern diplomacy—the logical premiss to the partition of Poland. Secret Diplomatic History of The Eighteenth Century Therefore we may see that the argument of these men erred in its form, because the predicate of the conclusion is not the predicate of the major premiss. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. The major premiss in the typical syllogism is itself the inference. Rationalism All knowledge, broadly speaking, comes either from Authority, i.e., by argument from accepted premisses, or from Experience. Logic, Inductive and Deductive This is assenting to the premiss, inferentia, and thing inferred, all at once;—we assent to the whole syllogism, and to its component parts. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent Weismann is so far right, he admits, from his materialistic premisses when he starts with preformations. Naturalism And Religion "Light" is the predicate of the major premiss, "authority" the predicate of the conclusion; which two things we have seen to be very different in their subject and in their idea. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. When this mountainous fact is realised, the full force of the Butlerian argument is seen to recoil on its premiss no less than on its conclusion. Rationalism Obviously a Sorites may contain one particular premiss, provided it is the first; and one universal negative premiss, provided it is the last. Logic, Inductive and Deductive We proceed by a sort of instinctive perception, from premiss to conclusion. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent The conclusion which, with regard to biological methods and ideals, seems to make all concessions to the purely mechanical mode of interpretation, is not sufficiently obvious from the premisses. Naturalism And Religion The minor premiss is proved by the facts concerning Constantine, which we have touched on. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. Mr. Balfour’s reply is, that ‘So long as in fact we do assert the major premiss without first believing the conclusion, so long will the latter be an inference from the former.’ Rationalism Similarly, in the Second Figure, trial and simple inspection of all possible conditions shows that there can be no conclusion unless the Major Premiss is universal, and one of the premisses negative. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Nor, again, is it by any diagram that we are able to scrutinize, sort, and combine the many premisses which must be first run together before we answer duly a given question. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent He has only drawn certain conclusions from premisses which are very commonly received. The History of Freedom This minor premiss then will I destroy; and as for their proof, I say that it proves nothing. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. Now, Mill’s express contention is that we never do assert the major premiss without first believing the conclusion; and the dispute resolves itself into one as to the proper meaning of ‘inference.’ Rationalism If in neither premiss there is a predication about the whole, there is no case for the application of the axiom. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Opinion, as being an assent, is independent of premisses. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent Not one of these writers shews himself capable of recognizing the true logical result of his own opinions: of drawing from his own premisses their one inevitable issue. Inspiration and Interpretation Seven Sermons Preached Before the University of Oxford The major premiss of this argument is self-evident, and the minor premiss is confirmed by Christ and the Church. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. Our ultimate premisses, he contends, are incapable of proof. Rationalism No conclusion can be drawn from two particular premisses. Logic, Inductive and Deductive We may accept the conclusion as a conclusion, dependent on premisses, abstract, and tending to the concrete; but we do not follow up our inference of a proposition by giving an assent to it. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent I claim to have established the contradictory minor premiss. Inspiration and Interpretation Seven Sermons Preached Before the University of Oxford Now I admit the minor premiss; but touching the major premiss I draw a distinction. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. Granted—if the assumption of universal causation is to be termed a premiss, as is that of the uniformity of nature. Rationalism The premisses cannot both be particular and yield a conclusion without breaking one or other of those canons. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Inference comes short of proof in concrete matters, because it has not a full command over the objects to which it relates, but merely assumes its premisses. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent Therefore,— But it has been shewn that the learned Professor's minor premiss is false. Inspiration and Interpretation Seven Sermons Preached Before the University of Oxford But to say that the Church so misuses the patrimony assigned to her is very unseemly; therefore the premiss from which this conclusion followed is false. Dante. An essay. To which is added a translation of De Monarchia. Theology is the most uncandid of all the current sciences; its results are the most self-contradictory; its premisses the most incoherent. Rationalism Suppose both are affirmative, II, the Middle is not distributed in either premiss. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Next come in questions of criticism and taste, with their recondite and disputable premisses, and the usual deductions from them, so subtle and difficult to follow. An Essay In Aid Of A Grammar Of Assent We may improve the conclusions of our ancestors; we should not let drop any of their premisses; we may alter a word's connotation; but we must not destroy part of it. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic There is no touching you, if you first assume your premisses, and then prove them by means of your conclusion.” Callista : a Tale of the Third Century For by previously showing incontestably that thought and consciousness are real existences, he had completely proved the premiss wherein his conclusion is included. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications Before, then, the conclusion can be universal, all three terms, S, M, and P, must, by Canons II. and III., be distributed in the premisses. Logic, Inductive and Deductive It will be enough to make a point of putting every argument into logical form; in the case of bad reasoning the major premiss is generally monstrous to an appalling degree. Introduction to the Study of History What these are is disputed, one school recognising as ultimate premisses only the facts of our subjective consciousness, e.g. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic It is one of the approved rules of syllogistic reasoning that “the conclusion must follow the weaker premiss.” Grace, Actual and Habitual A Dogmatic Treatise Assume, however illogically, that motion is a function of matter, and from that premiss, whether true or false, the conclusion that thought likewise is a function of matter may be quite logically deduced. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications But whatever the Figure of the premisses, only two terms can be distributed. Logic, Inductive and Deductive That every Presbyterie, as they will be answerable to the next General Assembly, be careful to do their dutie in all the premisses. The Acts Of The General Assemblies of the Church of Scotland The frequent errors in processes such as Conversion and Opposition, which are in appearance, though not in reality, inferences from premisses, may for convenience be here referred to. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic More frequently our ingenuity takes the form of sanctioning preconceived prejudices, by wrapping up our conclusion in our premisses, and then bringing it out triumphantly with the air of a rigorous deduction. Social Rights and Duties, Volume I (of 2) Addresses to Ethical Societies What, however, is unequivocally absurd, is a certain notion which I hinted would be found to be inevitably consequent on the foregoing premisses, and whose self-evident falsity carries with it condemnation of the premisses. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications Only Negative moods are possible, for unless one premiss is negative, M being the predicate term in both— P in M S in M— is undistributed. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Taking S, M, P, as the minor, middle, and major terms respectively, the conclusion will imply that, if there is an S, there is some P. Will the premisses also imply this? Symbolic Logic Thus the inference is completed in the major premiss; and the rest of the syllogism serves only to decipher, as it were, our own notes. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic Thus, although the premiss of Mr. Sumner's argument is a historical fact, yet its conclusion comes directly into conflict with another historical fact! Cotton is King, and Pro-Slavery Arguments Comprising the Writings of Hammond, Harper, Christy, Stringfellow, Hodge, Bledsoe, and Cartrwright on This Important Subject For all species to have been created such as they now are, is simply inconsistent with the premisses. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications In showing what is required for a certain conclusion, it puts us on the road to a more exact estimate of the premisses alleged, a sounder judgment of their worth. Logic, Inductive and Deductive The conclusion implies that if S exists P exists; but, consistently with the premisses, S may be existent while M and P are both non-existent. Symbolic Logic The major premiss is such a formula; and the conclusion is an inference drawn, not from, but according to that formula. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic On the contrary, he has, as we have seen, connected them together as premiss and conclusion, and he keeps them together through the first portion of his speech. Cotton is King, and Pro-Slavery Arguments Comprising the Writings of Hammond, Harper, Christy, Stringfellow, Hodge, Bledsoe, and Cartrwright on This Important Subject If the premiss here be sound, the inference may be owned to be sufficiently legitimate. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications Seeing that all propositions may be reduced to one or other of the four forms, A, E, I, or O, we have in these premisses abstract types of every possible valid argument from general principles. Logic, Inductive and Deductive An implication is, therefore, contained in the conclusion, which is not justified by the premisses.” Symbolic Logic The only counterbalancing danger is, that general inferences from insufficient premisses may become hardened into general maxims, and escape being confronted with the particulars. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic A most satisfactory conclusion, but a most singular major premiss. A History of the French Novel, Vol. 2 To the Close of the 19th Century No doubt the premiss of the formula assumes the conclusion, but it likewise includes as well as assumes it. Old-Fashioned Ethics and Common-Sense Metaphysics With Some of Their Applications Whether the subject of debate is mathematical, physical, social or political, once premisses in these forms are conceded, the conclusion follows irresistibly, ex vi formæ, ex necessitate formæ. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Now Leibnitz admits the minor, and denies the major, premiss of this argument. A Theodicy, or, Vindication of the Divine Glory The major premiss is not really part of the argument. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic These opinions, recorded by so many judges of approved ability and learning, have great weight; and some may regard their premisses and conclusions as irresistibly cogent and convincing. Moon Lore And we do hereby command all our officers, ministers, and other our loving subjects whatsoever, to be aiding and assisting to you in the premisses. Great Pirate Stories An ingenious Mnemonic of these various moods and their reduction to the First Figure by the transposition of terms and premisses has come down from the thirteenth century. Logic, Inductive and Deductive This very assumption, this major premiss, which has been so long conceded to him, has been taken out of his hands, and demolished. A Theodicy, or, Vindication of the Divine Glory He, therefore, contended that the conclusion in reasoning follows from the minor premiss alone, thus suppressing the appeal to experience. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic The truths known by intuition are the original premisses from which all others are inferred. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) It might be answered, 'Your first premiss was wrong, and until that be mended, further argument is unnecessary.' The Quarterly Review, Volume 162, No. 324, April, 1886 You show that it is impossible with consistency to admit the premisses and at the same time deny the conclusion. Logic, Inductive and Deductive That is to say, if we admit the premiss assumed by Mr. Symington and his school, we cannot consistently deny their conclusion. A Theodicy, or, Vindication of the Divine Glory The minor premiss always asserts a resemblance between a new case and cases previously known. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic Our assent to the conclusion being grounded on the truth of the premisses, we never could arrive at any knowledge by reasoning, unless something could be known antecedently to all reasoning. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) “I will show you; but it is impossible to discuss conclusions unless we settle our premisses.” Happy-Thought Hall If however the Syllogism of Terms is to be completed as an abstract doctrine, the Fourth Figure must be noticed as one of the forms of premisses that contain the required relation between the extremes. Logic, Inductive and Deductive This inference is drawn from a false premiss; namely, that if God is omnipotent, he could easily prevent moral evil, and cause virtue to exist without any mixture of vice. A Theodicy, or, Vindication of the Divine Glory But the negative premiss cannot generally be worked unless an affirmative be joined with it: and then the Method is the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic It may follow as a conclusion follows premisses, or it may follow as an effect follows a cause. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) “Will you bring some deep objection to a premiss which is fundamental . . . .” Happy-Thought Hall No term should be distributed in the conclusion that was not distributed in the premisses. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Now, in replying to this argument, no theist denies the major premiss. A Theodicy, or, Vindication of the Divine Glory Probably, few of the great generalisations fitted to be the premisses for future deductions will be found among truths now known. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic People had a difficulty, therefore, in conceiving that the most certain of all conclusions could rest on premisses which, instead of being certainly true, are certainly not true to the full extent asserted. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) “Simply,” says he, “in putting the first premiss, I used the old formula, viz., that the point in question was as clear as that two and two make four.” Happy-Thought Hall If an assertion is not made about the whole of a term in the premisses, it cannot be made about the whole of that term in the conclusion without going beyond what has been given. Logic, Inductive and Deductive For reason does not proceed in such matters as in geometry, where impersonal premisses are given once for all, and an impersonal conclusion must perforce be drawn. Creative Evolution Each art has one first principle or major premiss which does not, as the propositions of Science, assert that a thing is or will be, but recommends it as what ought to be. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic The conclusion in an induction embraces more than is contained in the premisses. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) There is implied in all this an utterly false major premiss: viz. The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark No conclusion can be drawn from two negative premisses. Logic, Inductive and Deductive The two senses of the word "correlation" must be carefully distinguished; it would be a downright paralogism to adopt one of them in the premisses of the reasoning, and the other in the conclusion. Creative Evolution For any induction can be turned into a syllogism by supplying a major premiss, viz. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic As there can be but three terms, the major and minor terms must each be found in one, and only one, of the premisses, together with the middleterm which is in them both. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) How, then, is an unprejudiced student to draw any inference but one from the premisses? The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark Canon V. If one premiss is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Logic, Inductive and Deductive This conclusion could be softened down without changing the premisses, by saying that the reality changes, but that it ought not to change. Creative Evolution Before Bacon's time deductions were accepted as sufficient, when neither had the premisses been established by proper canons of experimental enquiry, nor the results tested by verification by specific experience. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic The premiss which contains the middleterm and the major term is called the major premiss; that which contains the middle term and the minor term is called the minor premiss. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) From whichever side we approach this question,—whatever test we are able to apply to our premisses,—our conclusion remains still the very same. The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark If one premiss is negative, one of the Extremes must be excluded in whole or in part from the Middle term. Logic, Inductive and Deductive One can, even while condemning them, respect them for their purity of purpose, their lofty idealism, their sincerity, and their consistency in following their false premiss to its logical conclusion. Freedom In Service Six Essays on Matters Concerning Britain's Safety and Good Government The rest of the premisses of Geometry consist of the so-called definitions, which assert, together with one or more properties, the real existence of objects corresponding to the names to be defined. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic When the middleterm is the predicate in both premisses, the syllogism belongs to the second figure; when it is the subject in both, to the third. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) It is not even with me as it is with certain learned friends of mine, who, admitting the adversary's premisses, content themselves with denying the validity of his inference. The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark This may be specified as an error incident to the practice of the Syllogism, that it inclines us to look for necessarily conclusive premisses, and to deny all weight to anything short of this. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Nor is it, in any sense, a premiss of science: it is an empirical generalisation from a number of laws which are themselves empirical generalisations. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays Even popularly, accuracy of classification, and the extent of command over premisses, are thought clearer signs of logical powers than accuracy of deduction. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic The following are examples of all the legitimate modes, that is, all those in which the conclusion correctly follows from the premisses. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) However true it may be,—and it is true,—that from those premisses the proposed conclusion does not follow, I yet venture to deny the correctness of those premisses altogether. The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel According to S. Mark The justification of including these forms of argument in Logic is simply that they are sometimes used in debate, and that confusion may arise unless the precise meaning of the premisses employed is understood. Logic, Inductive and Deductive In this way we find out what must be taken as premiss and what can be demonstrated or defined. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays It follows, either by way of demonstration as a conclusion from premisses, or by way of causation as effect from cause; but, in either case, necessarily. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic It is done by the conversion of one or other, or both, of the premisses. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) A fresh basis, or premiss, for them, is supplied. The Idea of God in Early Religions The simplest method is to begin with the conclusion—"No war is long popular"—No S is P—then to examine the argument to see whether it yields premisses of the necessary form. Logic, Inductive and Deductive For it is a defect, in an argument, to employ more premisses than the conclusion demands: what mathematicians call elegance results from employing only the essential principles in virtue of which the thesis is true. Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays But the most dangerous and the commonest of these fallacies arise in a chain of argument from changing the premisses. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic Applying this view of propositions to the two premisses of a syllogism, we obtain the following results. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) The premiss, that the idea of God is a mere verbal proposition, may be a premiss as imaginary as that from which Gloucester leaped. The Idea of God in Early Religions It would be in accordance with this general description to extend the name to all cases of tacitly or covertly, unwittingly to oneself or to one's opponent, assuming any premiss necessary to the conclusion. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Now this argument, forcible as it appears at first sight, is really at fault both in its premiss and in its conclusion. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions Men commonly fall into it, through believing that the premiss was verified, though they have forgotten how. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic Thus in our former example, All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal, the subject and predicate of the major premiss are connotative terms, denoting objects and connoting attributes. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) I don't agree with you at all," said Charles; "you say a great deal more than you have a warrant to do, and draw sweeping conclusions from slender premisses. Loss and Gain The Story of a Convert Is the truth of the conclusion a necessary consequence of the truth of the premisses? Logic, Inductive and Deductive By which I mean that, in the first place the premiss is not true, and, in the next place, that even if it were, the conclusion would not necessarily follow. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions I do not see that either premiss of this argument is open to exception. The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of Dublin The assertion in the minor premiss is that the individual named Socrates possesses the former attributes; and it is concluded that he possesses also the attribute mortality. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) And from these premisses, Macaulay proceeds to his inevitable conclusion. Mushrooms on the Moor The general proposition is called the Major Premiss, or Grounding Proposition, or Sumption: the other premiss the Minor, or Applying Proposition, or Subsumption. Logic, Inductive and Deductive So much, then, for the first consideration which serves to invalidate the Duke’s premiss. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions In mechanics you advance from sure premisses to sure conclusions; in optics you form your undeniable facts into system, arrive at general principles, and then again infallibly apply them: here you have Science. The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of Dublin We have already observed that the syllogism, in the ordinary course of our reasoning, is only the latter half of the process of travelling from premisses to a conclusion. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Premises, earlier premisses, is a slightly disguised Lat. præmissas, the aforesaid, lit. sent before, used in deeds to avoid repeating the full description of a property. The Romance of Words (4th ed.) Thus, in CAmEstrEs, you have to transpose the premisses, as well as simply convert the Minor Premiss before reaching the figure of CElArEnt. Logic, Inductive and Deductive So much, then, for the Duke’s premiss—namely, that “every modification of structure must have been functionless at first, when it began to appear.” Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions And that your Majesty would also vouchsafe to declare that the awards, doings, and proceedings to the prejudice of your people in any of the premisses shall not be drawn hereafter into consequence or example. History of the English People, Volume V Puritan England, 1603-1660 Those facts are the real premisses of the reasoning. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) It is thus the same word as logical premisses, or assumptions. The Romance of Words (4th ed.) There is a valid syllogism between the extremes when the relations of the three terms are as stated in certain premisses of the Fourth Figure. Logic, Inductive and Deductive This premiss is clearly opposed to observable fact. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions His method was of itself inapplicable to a subject where the premisses were assumed to be certain, and the results known. History of the English People, Volume V Puritan England, 1603-1660 But we are not led to infer the conclusion from those premisses, by the necessity of avoiding any verbal inconsistency. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) The premisses are often vague and conflicting, and no chronology hitherto suggested receives at all points universal assent. A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits and facsimiles The minor premiss or applying proposition amounts to saying that the subject of the conclusion is contained in the subject of the general principle. Logic, Inductive and Deductive First as to the premiss, it is not true that every modification of structure must necessarily be functionless when it first begins to appear. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions How, then, can this law be a guide and a premiss in the investigations of science, when those investigations are necessary to complete the proof of the law itself? Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. CCCXXXVI. October, 1843. Vol. LIV. The reviewer says that if the major premiss included the conclusion, “we should be able to affirm the conclusion without the intervention of the minor premiss; but every one sees that that is impossible.” A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Then the prayer follows upon these mighty premisses. Messages from the Epistle to the Hebrews We have only to bear in mind that however the predicate may be qualified in the premisses, the same qualification must be transferred to the conclusion. Logic, Inductive and Deductive My quarrel with the conclusion, like my quarrel with the premiss, is due to its universality. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions It is universally allowed, that a syllogism is vicious, if there be any thing more in the conclusion than was assumed in the premisses. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. CCCXXXVI. October, 1843. Vol. LIV. It does not follow, because the major premiss contains the conclusion, that the words themselves must show all the conclusions which it contains, and which, or evidence of which, it presupposes. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Reason does but deduce from premisses ultimately supplied by sensation. Historical Sketches, Volume I (of 3) The Turks in Their Relation to Europe; Marcus Tullius Cicero; Apollonius of Tyana; Primitive Christianity This is equivalent technically to drawing a positive conclusion from premisses of the Second Figure. Logic, Inductive and Deductive This is impossibly absurd; and unless there is some flaw in our argument, the fault must lie in the premisses; we have omitted some necessary qualification. A Practical Discourse on Some Principles of Hymn-Singing I should not have believed it possible that such a conclusion had been drawn from such premisses even by our religious press.' The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. 1 (of 3) 1809-1859 We must therefore use the premisses of the fourth proposition instead of its conclusion, and prove the fifth directly from first principles. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Your logic is good except that your major premiss is a case of being off to a bad start. The Masques of Ottawa But really the premisses given are only two affirmatives of the Second Figure. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Mr. Eassie was not so keen a logician as his guest, but he had age for a major premiss. Better Dead His intelligence seemed to move in subterranean tunnels, with the gleam of an equivocal premiss at one end, and the mist of a vague conclusion at the other. Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 1 of 3) Essay 1: Robespierre And in accordance with this, many have thought that the peculiar nature of the evidence of ratiocination consisted in the impossibility of admitting the premisses and rejecting the conclusion without a contradiction in terms. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) The major premiss of the syllogism which proves an action to be virtuous must be actually present to the mind of the agent. Hours in a Library, Volume I. (of III.) In the narrowest sense, it is a valid formal syllogism, with one premiss suppressed. Logic, Inductive and Deductive There was logical strength in this position as reached from their premisses, and there were arguments of practical convenience to be urged in favor of it. A History of American Christianity In a Rail of Pales, if one be out to let in one Hog, ’tis enough to let in the whole Herd into the Close, is an observation applicable to the premisses. Magazine, or Animadversions on the English Spelling (1703) Even the laws of geometry are chiefly of practical importance to us as being a portion of the premisses from which the order of the succession of phenomena may be inferred. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) The revolting consequences to which he was led by not running away from his premisses, never for an instant suggested to him that the premisses might conceivably be false. Hours in a Library, Volume I. (of III.) Taken in the First Figure with "All who have froth in the trachea have been drowned" as a major premiss, this argument is valid. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Universalism, on the other hand, in its first setting forth in America, planted itself on the leading "evangelical" doctrines, which its leaders had earnestly preached, and made them the major premisses of its argument. A History of American Christianity Your bitter philosophy may be sound, Mr. Clancy," he said, "but it is built on a false premiss. One Wonderful Night A Romance of New York They can only be made instrumental to that purpose when we combine with them additional premisses, expressive of uniformities of succession already known. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) His merits are measured, not by the accuracy of his conclusions, but by the distance which separates them from his premisses. Hours in a Library, Volume I. (of III.) In Aristotle's examples one of the premisses is expressed. Logic, Inductive and Deductive But its premiss was, "We will accept nothing between the two lids of this Book if our Reason cannot fathom it." History of Rationalism Embracing a Survey of the Present State of Protestant Theology He merely altered the premisses of a syllogism. Gibbon But unless there had been laws of succession in our premisses, there could have been no truths of succession in our conclusions. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Plain people may rest satisfied that both hypotheses are unintelligible, without plunging any further among syllogisms, the premisses of which convey no meaning, while the conclusions carry no conviction. Hume (English Men of Letters Series) This may be called Enthymematic argument, understanding by Enthymeme an argument with only one premiss put forward or hinted at, the other being held in the mind. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Variant spellings of the words pappoose and premiss are left as in the original. History of Rationalism Embracing a Survey of the Present State of Protestant Theology I doubt their premiss, for I believe we should all of us be better off than we are to-day; but let that pass; 'tis a detail. Post-Prandial Philosophy The negative premiss, it might therefore be supposed, could be worked as a simple case of the Method of Agreement, without requiring an affirmative premiss to be joined with it. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Hume's argument in support of what appears to be a true proposition, however, is of the circular sort, for the major premiss, that all distinct ideas are separable in thought, assumes the question at issue. Hume (English Men of Letters Series) There is indeed an advance, but not an advance upon the two premisses taken together. Logic, Inductive and Deductive But such premisses warrant no very large conclusion. Shakespeare and the Modern Stage with Other Essays Granted their premisses, the world of sense can teach nothing. Nature Mysticism Take, for instance, any of the definitions laid down as premisses in Euclid's Elements; the definition, let us say, of a circle. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) But this is not absolutely or finally convincing, though there is enough to support a bet on the affirmative, since we know that we often draw the same conclusions from different premisses. Pascal's Pensées Now in ordinary life it is comparatively seldom that such premisses can be found. Logic, Inductive and Deductive In the first place, however, the premiss is highly questionable. Essays on the work entitled "Supernatural Religion" It is at once obvious that, starting from such premisses, Tait's invective is largely justified. Nature Mysticism If this supposition were true, we might argue correctly from true premisses, and arrive at a false conclusion. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) The case with the understanding is this: that if the premiss and its conclusion are understood separately from each other, the understanding the premiss is the cause that the conclusion is known. Summa Theologica, Part I (Prima Pars) From the Complete American Edition To answer this question we have to consider whether the Conclusion can be drawn from either of the two premisses without the help of the other. Logic, Inductive and Deductive But, even if it were directly derived thence, the conclusion does not follow from the premiss. Essays on the work entitled "Supernatural Religion" Now as to the minor premiss, that there is no proof of religion, we may concede, at least provisionally, that it is completely true. Is Life Worth Living? We should only have to assume as a premiss the definition of a nonentity; or rather of a name which has no entity corresponding to it. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) But I deny the major, that is, the first of the two premisses of the prosyllogism, and I might content myself with asking for its proof. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil The Syllogism merely shows the interdependence of premisses and conclusion; its only tacit assumption is the Dictum de Omni. Logic, Inductive and Deductive The truth is, that when our author closes his work, he cannot face the conclusions to which his premisses would inevitably lead him. Essays on the work entitled "Supernatural Religion" What it is really important to examine 216is the major premiss, that we can be certain of nothing that we cannot support by proof. Is Life Worth Living? The conclusion being false and the syllogism correct, the premisses cannot be true. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Granting the premisses," he wrote, "I do not see any escape from Berkeley's conclusion, that the substance of matter is a metaphysical unknown quantity, of the existence of which there is no proof. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work If, indeed, an opponent challenges the truth of the conclusion, and you adduce premisses necessarily containing it as a refutation, that is an ignoratio elenchi unless your opponent admits those premisses. Logic, Inductive and Deductive On his own narrow premisses this eminent logician builds up his own narrow conclusions with remorseless rigour. Essays on the work entitled "Supernatural Religion" For science to demand a proof that shall convince it on its own premisses is to demand an impossibility, and to involve a contradiction in terms. Is Life Worth Living? But the premisses, considered as parts of a definition, are true. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) As he knew himself to have made sure of his premisses, he did not care whither his conclusions might lead him, against whatsoever established doctrine or accepted axiom. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work The formal statement of these premisses and conclusion is the Inductive Syllogism. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Yes; but this method of development, when carried out by a vehement partisan, is apt to find hints where there are no hints, and draw conclusions which are quite unwarranted by the premisses. The English Church in the Eighteenth Century Its whole force rests on the following sup214pressed premiss, that nothing exists but what the study of matter conceivably could reveal to us; or that, in other words, the immaterial equals the nonexistent. Is Life Worth Living? Therefore, the premisses considered as parts of a definition cannot be the real ones. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) The mother also of the duke, and his wife, and his brethren, & subjects whom he may procure, shall likewise assure the premisses. Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2 of 6): England (4 of 12) Stephan Earle Of Bullongne Briefly, in a negative mood, both Major and Middle must be distributed, and if both premisses are particular this cannot be. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Bishop Stillingfleet, in his 'Defence of the Mysteries of the Trinity,' maintained that these arguments of Toland's were legitimate deductions from Locke's premisses. The English Church in the Eighteenth Century It may supply us with the major premiss, but it is vague and uncertain about the minor. Is Life Worth Living? The real premisses must be— A dragon is a really existing thing which breathes flame: A dragon is a really existing serpent: which implied premisses being false, the falsity of the conclusion presents no absurdity. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) There must be something very wrong going on in the instrument of logic, if it turns out such conclusions from such premisses. Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews This canon is sometimes combined with what we have given as Canon V., in a single rule: "The conclusion follows the weaker premiss". Logic, Inductive and Deductive That Locke would have recoiled with horror from the conclusions which the Deists drew from his premisses, and still more from the tone in which those conclusions were expressed, can scarcely be doubted. The English Church in the Eighteenth Century These premisses, so far as they differ from those of theism, consist of two 96great denials: there is no personal God, and there is no personal immortality. Is Life Worth Living? Here the conclusion is true, and also the premisses; but the premisses are not definitions. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Perhaps; but suppose we ask for a little reason, just a ghost of a premiss or two for this extensive conclusion? Matthew Arnold Suppose both premisses affirmative, then, if one is particular, only one term can be distributed in the premisses, namely, the subject of the Universal affirmative premiss. Logic, Inductive and Deductive These implicit truths are deduced from the original revelation, very much as any other consequence from its premisses. The Purpose of the Papacy Let us see how far his own premisses will give him any support in this. Is Life Worth Living? When, in short, the conclusion is more general than the largest of the premisses, the argument is commonly called Induction; when less general, or equally general, it is Ratiocination. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Brain he had, logic he had; but brain must follow upon emotional intention if it is to create; and logic must follow upon sound premisses if it is to convince. In a Green Shade A Country Commentary One premiss being negative, the conclusion must be negative, and P must be distributed in the conclusion. Logic, Inductive and Deductive The objective propositions of a creed with supernatural pretensions can never be demonstrated from natural or rationalistic premisses. Diderot and the Encyclopædists (Vol 1 of 2) And his denial of the gods he did deny left him room for the affirmation of others, whose existence, if considered accurately, was equally inconsistent with his own scientific premisses. Is Life Worth Living? The most common case is that in which the middleterm is the subject of the major premiss and the predicate of the minor. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Now if his prime intention was to annoy, or, if you granted him his premisses, Butler would never miss the mark. In a Green Shade A Country Commentary In a negative mood, with one premiss particular, only two terms can be distributed, and the Minor cannot be one of them without leaving either the Middle or the Major undistributed. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Now, the effect of such careful scrutiny of first principles is not, of course, to upset any conclusions which have been correctly drawn from a set of premisses. Recent Developments in European Thought But certainly these conclusions forestalling the premisses are very strange; this recapitulation, placed at the very beginning of the work, when it ought, in fact, to be placed at the end, in the apse! The Cathedral In the fourth figure the middleterm is the subject of the minor premiss and the predicate of the major. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Newman's intellect, when left to itself, was so clear, so powerful, so intense, that it cut through sophistry like a knife, and went straight from premisses to conclusion. The Life of Froude P is distributed in the conclusion and not in the premisses. Logic, Inductive and Deductive All that happens is that the conclusion is no longer asserted by itself as a truth; what is asserted is that the conclusion is true if the premisses are true. Recent Developments in European Thought It was quite natural to place them together, and that the Chief of the Apostles should figure as the conclusion to the premisses set forth by the other statues of this portal. The Cathedral On examining, then, these two general formulæ, we find that in both of them, one premiss, the major, is an universal proposition; and according as this is affirmative or negative, the conclusion is so too. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Professor Seth considers quietism the true conclusion from the mystic's premisses. Christian Mysticism There are sixteen possible combinations of premisses, each of the four types of proposition being combinable with itself and with each of the others. Logic, Inductive and Deductive But the logically sound inference from Kant's premisses would be that, to use Pascal's famous metaphor, a prudent man will do well to bet neither for nor against immortality. Recent Developments in European Thought Their premisses even are disallowed by many considerable authorities. Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 102, February 20, 1892 It is universally allowed that a syllogism is vicious if there be anything more in the conclusion than was assumed in the premisses. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) But reasoning to the logical issue, we get light upon our premisses. New Ideas in India During the Nineteenth Century A Study of Social, Political, and Religious Developments All that the Syllogism could show was the consistency of the premisses with the conclusion. Logic, Inductive and Deductive It multiplies the number of logically possible sets of premisses from which consequences agreeing with empirical facts may be inferred. Recent Developments in European Thought But the opinion of the English Ministers is widely different; for, granting our premisses, they deny our conclusion. Political Pamphlets Those who say that the premisses of geometry are hypotheses, are not bound to maintain them to be hypotheses which have no relation whatever to fact. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) But the market, at this day, is so altered, that the lessee gives four-pence per yard; is tied to the mode of building, and obliged to leave the premisses in repair. An History of Birmingham (1783) The conclusion could not go beyond the premisses, because the questioner could not go beyond the admissions of the respondent. Logic, Inductive and Deductive If now we start by assuming these premisses, or by granting these postulates for the sake of argument, we can, indeed, erect on them a theory of the evolution of religion. Recent Developments in European Thought Ka@nâda however does not mention the name of any of these premisses excepting the second "apades'a." A History of Indian Philosophy, Volume 1 The statement, that the uniformity of the course of nature is the ultimate major premiss in all cases of induction, may be thought to require some explanation. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Only one person upon the premisses presumes to carry a belly, and he a landlord. An History of Birmingham (1783) They do not conclude from the premisses of their observation, they /know/ that this man is to be feared and that trusted. Colonel Quaritch, V.C. A Tale of Country Life Bit by bit the bad logic has been purged out of the Calculus and the Theory of Functions and these branches of study have been made into patterns of accurate reasoning on exactly stated premisses. Recent Developments in European Thought The consequent of the hypothetical major premiss is termed pâpanâ because it is got from the antecedent. A History of Indian Philosophy, Volume 1 The immediate major premiss in every inductive argument, it certainly is not. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) It is a book full of minor premisses, to which many opposite majors will be fitted. Occasional Papers Selected from the Guardian, the Times, and the Saturday Review, 1846-1890 We are now awake to the all-important truth that belief in this or that detail of superstition is the result of an irrational state of mind, and flows logically from superstitious premisses. On Compromise This view logically follows from the premisses from which it starts; and if it is felt to be unacceptable, we shall naturally be inclined to scrutinize the premisses once more and more carefully. Recent Developments in European Thought The antecedent of the hypothetical major premiss is termed @thâpanâ, because the opponent's position, A is B, is conditionally established for the purpose of refutation. A History of Indian Philosophy, Volume 1 But how come we by this major premiss? A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) Faith, when for convenience' sake we do distinguish it from reason, is not distinguished from reason by the want of premisses, but by the nature of the conclusions. Occasional Papers Selected from the Guardian, the Times, and the Saturday Review, 1846-1890 I do not pretend that the common people followed all the inferences which the intellectual subtlety of the master-spirits of theology drew so industriously from the simple premisses of scripture and tradition. On Compromise For the premiss on account of which we intend to demand that that point which is doubtful shall be conceded to us, ought not to be doubtful itself. The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero, Volume 4 And I have no doubt that my excellent father was right, both in his premisses and the conclusion at which he arrived. Lavengro; the Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest Besides the theorems of number, those of geometry also come in as premisses, where the effects take place in space, and involve motion and extension, as in mechanics, optics, acoustics, astronomy. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) We infer, we go upon reasons, we use premisses in either case. Occasional Papers Selected from the Guardian, the Times, and the Saturday Review, 1846-1890 Now it is evident that, admitting the premisses, but two solutions of such a question can be given, the one altogether negative, the other restrictive. Aesthetic as Science of Expression and General Linguistic But the first premiss is certainly the case; therefore so must the consequent be. The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero, Volume 4 Where the premisses are so different, who can wonder at the difference in the conclusions? The Literary Remains of Samuel Taylor Coleridge If the general name serpent includes both real and imaginary serpents, there is no falsity in the conclusion; if not, there is falsity in the minor premiss.” A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) The premisses of faith are not so palpable as those of ordinary reason, but they are as real and solid premisses all the same. Occasional Papers Selected from the Guardian, the Times, and the Saturday Review, 1846-1890 The criterional logic, or logic of premisses, is, of course, much the most important; and it has never yet been treated. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge But the true inference from the premisses would be that, although duress or banishment from the kingdom might be essential, yet punishment, so called, ought not to be visited upon the offender. Rest Harrow A Comedy of Resolution I need not say that I disagree with Taylor's premisses only because they are not broad enough, and with his aim and principal conclusion only because it does not go far enough. The Literary Remains of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Mr. De Morgan's principal object is to bring within strict technical rules the cases in which a conclusion can be drawn from premisses of a form usually classed as particular. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) The inward energy of the reason has to be evoked, when she can no longer lean upon the outward prop of custom, but is thrown back upon herself and the intrinsic force of her premisses. Occasional Papers Selected from the Guardian, the Times, and the Saturday Review, 1846-1890 Facts, you know, are not truths; they are not conclusions; they are not even premisses, but in the nature and parts of premisses. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge The major premisses may be stored up in the mind as rules of action, and this is what is commonly meant by having principles good or bad. Ethics Field seems to have excerpted this incautiously from the Schoolmen, who on this premiss could justify the communicability of adoration, as in the case of the saints. The Literary Remains of Samuel Taylor Coleridge This is the major premiss, divested of the petitio principii, and cut down to as much as is really known by direct evidence. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) No premisses, no arguments therefore, can so accommodate this truth to us as not to leave the belief in it an act of mental ascent and trust, of faith as distinguished from sight. Occasional Papers Selected from the Guardian, the Times, and the Saturday Review, 1846-1890 They each maintained opposite poles of the same truth; which truth neither of them saw, for want of a higher premiss. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge It may be useful to exhibit it Syllogistically, but the Syllogism which exhibits it is either nugatory, or contains a premiss literally false. Ethics But that I shall be so saved,—that of the many called I have been one of the chosen,—this is no mere conclusion of mind on known or assured premisses. The Literary Remains of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Nott's conclusions were in the main justified by after events, but the correctness of his premiss may be questioned. The Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80 There is a premiss, and there is a conclusion, but there is a total want of connection between the two. Occasional Papers Selected from the Guardian, the Times, and the Saturday Review, 1846-1890 His premiss granted, the deduction is a chain of adamant. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge For the sovereignty of human reason this is a most dangerous premiss. Shakspere and Montaigne The conclusion is vastly popular, few minds considering from what premisses it is drawn. Moral Philosophy Revelation is the plain conclusion from the premisses that 'good and upright is the Lord!' Expositions of Holy Scripture Psalms There are many, especially among younger men, who would contest the premiss upon which all this is founded. First and Last In the last letter published in his works, it appears that he began to suspect his premiss. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge He esteemed her so highly, thought her the noblest woman in the world, and, if she were silent, she would be accepting his esteem on false premisses. The Precipice It may be a bad syllogism, either in logical form, or in the matter of fact asserted in the premisses. Moral Philosophy Which his brother Reginald hearing said that he would consult about the premisses. The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation — Volume 01 For then the question is merely begged in the minor premiss. Pragmatism In them the premisses are frequently wrong, but the deductions are almost always legitimate; whereas, in the writings of the present day, the premisses are commonly sound, but the conclusions false. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge There is a constant tendency to draw conclusions much in excess of the premisses. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' The argumentation is excellent, but the premisses are all false. Moral Philosophy I too," he says, "once made this very remark to Rufus when he rebuked me for not discovering the suppressed premiss in some syllogism. Seekers after God An inference is required on the one hand to supply fresh information, and on the other to follow rigorously from its premisses; it must, in a word, exhibit both novelty and necessity. Pragmatism If they are, then it follows that we Protestants are heretics and schismatics, as, indeed, the Papists very logically, from their own premisses, call us. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge But I do not at all care to press this inference; it is no more secure than the premiss upon which it is founded. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' Meantime the consequences appear to me, in point of logic, legitimately concluded from the terms of the premisses. Coleridge's Literary Remains, Volume 4. No premisses require closer scrutiny than those which lead to the constantly echoed conclusion, "He must have known," or "He must have read." Impressions of Theophrastus Such For if its premisses are disputed, they must in turn be 'proved.' Pragmatism The only true theories are those of geometry, because in geometry all the premisses are true and unalterable. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge No doubt the premisses of this argument are true, and so also is the conclusion, strictly as it stands. The Gospels in the Second Century An Examination of the Critical Part of a Work Entitled 'Supernatural Religion' In the original doctrines expressed in the premisses? Coleridge's Literary Remains, Volume 4. In this sophism you admit the premisses but deny the conclusion, in contradiction with a well-known rule of logic. The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; the Art of Controversy Four fresh premisses are needed, and if these again are challenged, the number of true premisses needed to prove the first conclusion goes on doubling at every step ad infinitum. Pragmatism If these premisses be granted, 'tis no partiality to conclude, That our English Plays justly challenge the pre-eminence. An English Garner Critical Essays & Literary Fragments Yet the pseudo-science gave birth to the true; as false premisses often lead by bad logic to sound conclusions. The Faith of the Millions (2nd series) The answer to this must commence by a denial of the premisses in toto: and this both Bull and Waterland have done most successfully. Coleridge's Literary Remains, Volume 4. Consequently, our opponent's proposition must have been false; for, while true premisses can give only a true conclusion, false premisses need not always give a false one. The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; the Art of Controversy From this difficulty the pragmatist alone escapes, by assuming his premisses provisionally and arguing forwards, in order to test them by their consequences. Pragmatism These, therefore, must be the premisses of the Solutions in answer to the criticisms involved in the Problems. Aristotle on the art of poetry By way of excuse for her we may be permitted to say that a perfectly consistent, unassailable creed, in which conclusion follows from premiss in unimpeachable order, is impossible. The Revolution in Tanner's Lane No pages are made of paper— the conclusion would appear paradoxical, if the minor term were there taken in a different sense from that which it bore in its proper premiss. Deductive Logic Another trick is to refuse to admit true premisses because of a foreseen conclusion. The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; the Art of Controversy From this premiss James deduced a number of conclusions. The History of England - a Study in Political Evolution Only then, you see, the terms of the minor premiss are luckily reversed.' Philistia But are we to say that nothing is knowledge except what is validly deduced from true premisses? The Problems of Philosophy The Conjunctive Syllogism has one or both premisses conjunctive propositions: but if only one is conjunctive, the other must be a simple one. Deductive Logic For a true conclusion may follow from false premisses, but not vice versâ. The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; the Art of Controversy Our capacity for not following premisses to their logical consequences is the principal source of our national greatness. The Cardinal's Snuff-Box I know not how to bring the Gentleman's premisses and his conclusion to any agreement; they seem to be at a great variance at present. Trial of the Witnesses of the Resurrection of Jesus It is not enough that the axioms from which we start should be self-evident: it is necessary also that, at each step in the reasoning, the connexion of premiss and conclusion should be self-evident. The Problems of Philosophy Where both premisses are conjunctive, the conclusion will be of the same character; where only one is conjunctive, the conclusion will be a simple proposition. Deductive Logic From which premisses I am going to draw a conclusion which you do not expect, namely, that the paper must by no manner of means go into the Royal Society in its present shape. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 2 Grant me those premisses, M. Ricardo, for a moment, and you will see that we had just one chance of finding the girl alive in Geneva. At the Villa Rose He starts from premisses generally conceded, but he accentuates them differently and draws from them divergent conclusions. Prolegomena In the first place, it is too wide, because it is not enough that our premisses should be true, they must also be known. The Problems of Philosophy To establish the premisses of a given syllogism we should require two preceding syllogisms; to establish their premisses, four; at the next step backwards, eight; at the next, sixteen; and so on ad infinitum. Deductive Logic But Godwin drew the logical conclusion from Rousseau's premisses which Rousseau hesitated to draw himself. The Idea of Progress An inguiry into its origin and growth The Professor felt within himself that assurance of ultimate justification which, to the man of science, makes a life-time seem the mere comma between premiss and deduction. The Descent of Man and Other Stories In the former premiss we speak of things which cannot be cogitated otherwise than as subjects. The Critique of Pure Reason We may say: 'Derivative knowledge is what is validly deduced from premisses known intuitively'. The Problems of Philosophy It is sometimes more appropriately called the chain-argument, and map be defined as— A train of reasoning, in which one premiss of each epi-syllogism is supported by a pro-syllogism, the other being taken for granted. Deductive Logic This superiority forms indeed the minor premiss in the general argument by which he confuted the commonly received opinion as to the populousness of ancient nations. The Idea of Progress An inguiry into its origin and growth That minor premiss is a bad egg: it will hatch no bird. Touch and Go It wishes, to speak in another way, to attain to completeness in the series of premisses, so as to render it unnecessary to presuppose others. The Critique of Pure Reason Now such an argument is not hard to follow; and if it is granted that its premisses are true in fact, no one will deny that the conclusion must also be true. The Problems of Philosophy If the conclusion be negative, one of the premisses must be negative. Deductive Logic Granted his first premiss, his second point followed logically from it, and so he led his hearers on point by point, all closely argued, to an indisputable conclusion. The Days Before Yesterday From these premisses two or three certain conclusions will follow: First, That every civil right grows out of a natural right; or, in other words, is a natural right exchanged. Writings of Thomas Paine — Volume 2 (1779-1792): the Rights of Man Whatever may be accounted the general value of this premiss, at least as it concerns my mother I shall hope to prove it apt. The Strolling Saint; being the confessions of the high and mighty Agostino D'Anguissola, tyrant of Mondolfo and Lord of Carmina in the state of Piacenza Thus, though wrong in her premisses, Viviette had intuitively decided with sad precision. Two on a Tower Why do the premisses EA yield a universal conclusion in the first two figures and only a particular one in the last two? Deductive Logic There is even less of connexion, however, in the treatment of this theme, between the premiss and the conclusion, than in the two previous chapters. The Chinese Classics: with a translation, critical and exegetical notes, prolegomena and copious indexes (Shih ching. English) — Volume 1 "If ye accept the premisses that I've just laid down, that it's a contract"—-began the boatman. The Bell-Ringer of Angel's Nothing can be more hopelessly vulgar, more unlike the majestic development of a system of grandly unintelligible conclusions from sublimely inconceivable premisses such as delights the magian heart. On the Method of Zadig But if this be the case, it is a result to be demonstrated, not a premiss from which to start in defining truth and falsehood. The Analysis of Mind Prove that there must be at least one more term distributed in the premisses than in the conclusion. Deductive Logic Well, if one admits your premisses, I do not see how he is to stop short of your conclusions, as a probable hypothesis at least. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Then, he added, let me have your permission first to ask Agathon a few more questions, in order that I may take his admissions as the premisses of my discourse. Symposium That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism, and has all its various parts and terms,—its major premiss, its minor premiss and its conclusion. Autobiography and Selected Essays "Cogito, ergo sum" would be regarded by most people as having a true premiss. The Analysis of Mind Show how it is sometimes possible to draw three different conclusions from the same premisses. Deductive Logic The moment I understood your premisses, I felt sure you had a real foundation to hold on. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 No one could well deny that conclusion, granting the premiss. Alexandria and Her Schools; four lectures delivered at the Philosophical Institution, Edinburgh Prove that wherever the minor term is distributed, the major premiss must be universal. Deductive Logic "Data" are naturally defined in terms of theory of knowledge: they are those propositions of which the truth is known without demonstration, so that they may be used as premisses in proving other propositions. The Analysis of Mind But the major premiss, being the same with that of the original syllogism, is ex hypothesi true. Deductive Logic When the middle term is distributed in both premisses, what must be the quantity of the conclusion? Deductive Logic Is the suppressed premiss in any case disputable on material grounds? Deductive Logic If there are less than three propositions, as in the fallacy of 'begging the question,' in which the conclusion simply reiterates one of the premisses, there is no syllogism at all. Deductive Logic Such beliefs he will be willing to use as premisses in reasoning, and to him personally they will seem to have as much evidence as any belief can need. The Analysis of Mind We turn now to the tricks of refutation which lie outside the language, whether the deception be due to the assumption of a false premiss or to some unsoundness in the reasoning. Deductive Logic The c which appears in two moods of the third figure, Cakaci and Bekaco, signifies that the new conclusion is the contrary, instead of, as usual, the contradictory of the discarded premiss. Deductive Logic The other moods of the first and second figures can be obtained by varying the quality of the antecedent and consequent in the major premiss and reducing the quantity of the minor. Deductive Logic If any premiss, therefore, but the first were negative, we should have a negative minor in the first figure, which involves illicit process of the major. Deductive Logic But there is nothing to prevent any one premiss from being particular or any one premiss from being negative, as the subjoined examples will show. Deductive Logic Prove that O cannot be a premiss in the first figure, nor a minor premiss anywhere but in the second. Deductive Logic Therefore it must either be wrongly drawn or else one or both of its premisses must be false. Deductive Logic Therefore the minor premiss, 'All C is A,' is false. Deductive Logic If the dilemma be a sound one, and its premisses true, this is of course impossible, and any appearance of contradiction that may present itself on first sight must vanish on inspection. Deductive Logic A man must, on the given premisses, be both hated and loved, whatever course he takes. Deductive Logic Show that in the first figure the conclusion must have the quality of the major premiss and the quantity of the minor. Deductive Logic As in the case of the partly conjunctive syllogism the remaining moods of the first and second figure are obtained by taking a negative proposition as the consequent of the major premiss, e.g.— Deductive Logic Why then, it may be asked, do we give a special name to it, though we do not consider a syllogism different, if the minor premiss happens to precede the major? Deductive Logic Here the premisses singly might be granted; but the conclusion would probably be felt to be unsatisfactory. Deductive Logic The formal logician is only concerned to examine whether the conclusion duly follows from the premisses: he need not concern himself with the truth or falsity of his data. Deductive Logic Prove that from two affirmative premisses you cannot get a negative conclusion. Deductive Logic But the premisses of one syllogism may themselves be conclusions deduced from other syllogisms, the premisses of which may in their turn have been established by yet earlier syllogisms. Deductive Logic An epicheirema is said to be of the first or second order according as the major or minor premiss is thus supported. Deductive Logic The enthymemes in the instance above given are both of the first order, having the major premiss suppressed. Deductive Logic Whenever in the course of our reasoning we are involved in error, either the conclusion follows from the premisses or it does not. Deductive Logic Prove that wherever the minor premiss is negative, the major must be universal. Deductive Logic If, on the other hand, the conclusion does follow from the premisses, the fault must lie in the premisses themselves, and we then have what is called a Material Fallacy. Deductive Logic Consequently it would be a formal fallacy to present as a syllogism anything which had more or less than two premisses. Deductive Logic If, on the other hand, there are more than two premisses, either there is more than one syllogism or the superfluous premiss is no premiss at all, but a proposition irrelevant to the conclusion. Deductive Logic The name Epicheirema is given to a syllogism with one or both of its premisses supported by a reason. Deductive Logic The rules above given do not apply to the irregular sorites, except so far as that only one premiss can be particular and only one negative, which follows from the general rules of syllogism. Deductive Logic In expanding the progressive form we have to commence with the second proposition of the sorites as the major premiss of the first syllogism. Deductive Logic In the regressive sorites the proposition which stands first is the only one which appears as a major premiss in the expanded form. Deductive Logic When the conclusion thus merely reasserts one of the premisses, the other must be either absent or irrelevant. Deductive Logic If the major premiss were a particular negative, the conclusion would be negative. Deductive Logic The term applies both to the legitimate deduction of a conclusion from false premisses and to the illegitimate deduction of a conclusion from any premisses. Deductive Logic But the major premiss being particular, the major term could not be distributed there. Deductive Logic Two more moods, namely AOO and OAO, are excluded by the rule that neither of the premisses can be a particular negative. Deductive Logic EAE violates the rule that, when the minor premiss is affirmative, the conclusion must be particular. Deductive Logic For this reason-that all the moods of the fourth figure can be elicited out of premisses in which the terms stand in the order of the first, whereas the converse is not the case. Deductive Logic Here the middle term is altered in the minor premiss to the destruction of the argument. Deductive Logic The remaining moods of the first and second figure are obtained by taking a negative proposition as the consequent in the major premiss. Deductive Logic Invent instances to show that false premisses may give true conclusions. Deductive Logic Show that AAI is the only mood in the fourth figure in which it is possible for the major term to be distributed in the premiss and undistributed in the conclusion. Deductive Logic Why are the premisses of Fesapo and Fresison not transposed in reduction like those of the other moods of the fourth figure? Deductive Logic Prove that the number of distributed terms in the premisses cannot exceed those in the conclusion by more than two. Deductive Logic Prove that the number of undistributed terms in the premisses cannot exceed those in the conclusion by more than one. Deductive Logic If the major term of a syllogism be the predicate of the major premiss, what do we know about the minor premiss? Deductive Logic Prove that if the conclusion be universal, the middle term can only be distributed once in the premisses. Deductive Logic If the conclusion be true, the premisses are not necessarily true. Deductive Logic If possible, let the minor premiss be negative. Deductive Logic Proof of Rule 4.—When the conclusion is negative, the major premiss must be universal. Deductive Logic |
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