| 单词 | polygyny |
| 例句 | To compensate for the disappearance of so many young men, who were the laborers most preferred by plantation owners, many African ethnic groups adopted polygyny, allowing men to take multiple wives. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z In resourced-based polygyny, males compete for territories with the best resources, and then mate with females that enter the territory, drawn to its resource richness. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adult relationships vary in form across societies and include not only the type most common around the world today — heterosexual monogamy — but also same-sex marriage, nonmarital unions, polyamory, polygyny and polyandry. Perspective | In some cultures, multiple fathers — or no fathers at all — are the norm 2022-06-17T04:00:00Z While the tomb reveals evidence of polygyny - men having children with multiple women - it also shows that polyandry was also widespread: women having children with multiple men. World's oldest family tree created using DNA 2021-12-23T05:00:00Z “Looking at modern day hunter gatherers who provide some sort of model for pre-agricultural societies, ie any human society prior to about 10,000 years ago, then polygyny is very rare,” he said. STIs may have driven ancient humans to monogamy, study says 2016-04-12T04:00:00Z In a Snapchat reply to one of his followers, Odah stated that men should settle for marrying only one woman, an unpopular opinion in a country where polygyny is widely practised. Meet Saudi Arabia's stars of social media - BBC News 2016-03-02T05:00:00Z A third type of polygyny is a lek system. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z That’s why some 16 million men today can trace their ancestry back to Genghis Khan, a tyrant who pushed polygyny to its physical limits. Soon enough, women will run the world — and it will be a better place 2015-04-15T04:00:00Z If polygyny were indeed the norm it would mean that most men throughout human evolution never reproduced and, in strictly genetic terms, had mysteriously vanished without a trace. The Case of the Missing Polygamists 2012-01-06T18:15:08.430Z With their offspring outnumbering those from monogamous individuals, polygyny remained the primary modus operandi. STIs may have driven ancient humans to monogamy, study says 2016-04-12T04:00:00Z It is believed to be one of nature's purest examples of polygyny. Seals Mating at Sea Give Beachmaster the Slip 2011-07-29T12:52:00Z The system is often touted as a textbook example of polygyny in the animal kingdom, but a new study shows that reality is more complex. Cheating on the Beachmaster 2011-07-18T18:47:13Z Strict monogamy seems to prevail even where, as among the Aeta, polygyny is not prohibited. Man, Past and Present 2011-03-28T02:00:29.283Z To test whether these reports of polygyny are a local or species-wide phenomenon evolutionary biologist Michael F. Hammer and colleagues at the University of Arizona published their findings in the journal PLoS Genetics. The Case of the Missing Polygamists 2012-01-06T18:15:08.430Z General polygyny became the rule, then general monogamy. Supremacy of a Social Network 2011-03-14T17:16:19Z Shoshana Grossbard of San Diego State University, who completed her graduate work under Professor Becker’s direction and once shared her mentor’s views, recently made headlines with expert testimony opposing legalization of polygyny in Canada. Economix: The Economics of Big Love 2011-01-24T11:01:03Z What lowers the moral level of polygyny is especially the barbarous system of marriage by purchase, by which the women become slaves burdened with heavy labor, and are in a state of legal dependence. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study In Tibet itself polygyny exists side by side with polyandry amongst the wealthy classes, while monogamy is the rule amongst the poor pastoral nomads of the northern steppe. Man, Past and Present 2011-03-28T02:00:29.283Z That polygyny is better than polyandry may be concluded from its effects. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 14 — Philosophy and Economics This transfer of allegiance helped to perpetuate the patriarchal system, and the sanction of religion greatly strengthened the wedded relation, so that divorce and polygyny were unknown in the old Roman period. Society Its Origin and Development But the historical links among polygyny, patriarchy and inequality seem very strong. Economix: The Economics of Big Love 2011-01-24T11:01:03Z We have seen that polygyny has a higher moral character among certain Indian tribes where matriarchism rules, and where the wife is mistress of the house and family. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The marriage was arranged by the parents and polygyny was common where means would permit. Man, Past and Present 2011-03-28T02:00:29.283Z A notable feature of their customs is that both polygyny and polyandry are permitted, this being the only instance of the latter practice so far observed among the tribes of the Philippines. Negritos of Zambales Wherever it has survived as a system, polygyny has hindered progress, and wherever it exists in the midst of monogamy it tends to break down civilization. Society Its Origin and Development We imagine that if we refuse to recognize the fact of polygyny, we may refuse to recognize any obligations incurred by polygyny. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society In fact, in such a social state, polygyny can only constitute an exception. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study But it does not follow that polyandry and a matriarchal state always and necessarily preceded polygyny and a patriarchal state. Man, Past and Present 2011-03-28T02:00:29.283Z Rather intermixture under such circumstances approached not vice, as we understand the word, but polygyny. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Another variety of marriage that has been less common than polygyny is polyandry. Society Its Origin and Development Our polygyny has no legal existence, and therefore its obligations can have no legal existence. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society But as regards ancestor-worship in general, it would be incorrect; since polygamy or polygyny, and polyandry may coexist with ruder forms of ancestor-worship. Japan: an Attempt at Interpretation The natural foundation of the institution of monogamy is not any inherent viciousness in polygyny or polyandry, but the hard fact that men and women are born in about equal numbers. Getting Married Among all peoples at a certain stage the honor of wife capture has alone been a prolific cause of polygyny. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Neither polygyny nor polyandry were universal, even where they were a frequent practice. Society Its Origin and Development Under some circumstances, if all three parties agreed, he saw no objection to polygyny or polyandry. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society The ancient Japanese society was polygynous; and polygyny persisted, after the establishment of the domestic cult. Japan: an Attempt at Interpretation The answer is not far to seek: their polygyny is limited. Getting Married Necessarily the practice of polygyny must disregard the feelings of women, for women are jealous creatures as well as men. Sociology and Modern Social Problems We know of no instances of polygyny amongst them; though we know of cases in which a Punan woman has become the second wife of a man of some other tribe. The Pagan Tribes of Borneo In no part of the world is polygyny so prevalent as in Christendom; in no part of the world is it so easy for a man to escape the obligations incurred by polygyny. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society While polygyny has been claimed to be due entirely to economic causes, we have seen that these so-called economic causes have only been the opportunities for the polygynous instincts of man to assert themselves. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Consequently, if we are to make polygyny a success, we must limit it. Getting Married Those philosophers, like Schopenhauer, who advocate the legalizing of polygyny in civilized countries, are hardly worth replying to. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Thus the basic cause of polygyny is not economic, but psychological; and given certain moral and economic conditions of society, these polygynous tendencies assert themselves. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Apart from this the biological masculine traditions point to polygyny much more than the feminine traditions point to polyandry. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society We shall notice, however, only the three leading forms,—polyandry, polygyny, and monogamy,—and attempt to show the natural conditions which favor each. Sociology and Modern Social Problems In a real marriage of sentiment the wife or husband cannot be supplanted by halves; and such a marriage will break very soon under the strain of polygyny or polyandry. Getting Married It is safe to say that any widespread practice of polygyny in civilized communities would lead to a reversion to the moral standards of barbarism in many if not in all matters. Sociology and Modern Social Problems The practice of wife capture, indeed, and the honor attached to the custom, had much to do in making the practice of polygyny common among certain peoples. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Among our European ancestors, alike among Germans and Celts, polygyny and other sexual forms existed as occasional variations. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society Nevertheless, while male sensuality is at the basis of polygyny, it would be a mistake to think that sensuality is an adequate explanation in all cases. Sociology and Modern Social Problems On the other hand, women object to polyandry, because polyandry enables the best women to monopolize all the men, just as polygyny enables the best men to monopolize all the women. Getting Married Wherever slavery has existed, we may also note, polygyny, either in its legal form or in its illegal form of concubinage, has flourished. Sociology and Modern Social Problems On the contrary, we find many other causes, chiefly, perhaps, economic, operating also to favor the development of polygyny. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Much of the polygyny, and polyandry also, which prevails among us to-day is an altogether artificial and unnatural form of polygamy. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society The religious sanction of polygyny cannot be looked upon as one of its original causes, but when once established it reacted powerfully to reenforce and maintain the institution. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Thus, it was not the women of Salt Lake City nor even of America who attacked Mormon polygyny. Getting Married That polygyny is still a burning question in the United States of the twentieth century is merely good evidence that we are not very far removed yet from barbarism. Sociology and Modern Social Problems When this took place polygyny became firmly established as a social institution, very difficult to uproot, as all the experience of Christian missionaries among peoples practicing polygyny goes to show. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Some judgment of the social value of polygyny may not be out of place in connection with this subject. Sociology and Modern Social Problems No high regard for the feelings of women, therefore, would be consistent with the practice of polygyny. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Would it not then be well to try unlimited polygyny; so that the remaining fifth could have as many wives apiece as they could afford? Getting Married It is difficult to understand, for example, how anything like unselfish affection between husband and wife can exist under polygyny. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Finally, all the evidence that we have goes to show that under polygyny children are neglected, and, at least from the standpoint of a high civilization, inadequately socialized. Sociology and Modern Social Problems In the first place, as we have already seen, polygyny is essentially an institution of barbarism. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Fatherhood, in the full sense of the word, can hardly be said to exist under polygyny. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Hence the resistance any attempt to establish unlimited polygyny always provokes, not from the best people, but from the mediocrities and the inferiors. Getting Married Under polygyny the wife who has grown old is discarded for a young wife, and usually ends her days in bitterness. Sociology and Modern Social Problems The father, too, under polygyny is rarely cared for by the children, because the polygynous household has never given the opportunity for close affections between parents and children. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Thus in Tibet the upper classes practice polygyny and monogamy, while among the lower classes we find polyandry and monogamy. Sociology and Modern Social Problems That is why all our ordinary men and women are unanimous in defence of monogamy, the men because it excludes polygyny, and the women because it excludes polyandry. Getting Married Experience shews that women do not object to polygyny when it is customary: on the contrary, they are its most ardent supporters. Getting Married In modern times polygyny still exists among all the Mohammedan peoples and to a greater or less degree among all semicivilized peoples. Sociology and Modern Social Problems The women, left to themselves, would tolerate polygyny. Getting Married But polygyny would condemn a great many men, and polyandry a great many women, to the celibacy of neglect. Getting Married The man alone has any initiative; but he has no access to the woman; besides, as we have seen, the difficulty created by male license is not polygyny but polyandry, which is not allowed. Getting Married It is the comparatively weedy weakling, left mateless by polygyny, who objects. Getting Married Secondly, it follows that under ordinary circumstances only a small minority of a given population practice polygyny, even in countries in which it is sanctioned. Sociology and Modern Social Problems Thus there is no way out for us through polygyny. Getting Married |
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